12年四级真题.docx

12年四级真题.docx

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12年四级真题

2012年6月四级真题

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnExcessivePackagingfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

1．目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象

2．出现这一现象的原因

3．我对这一现象的看法和建议

OnExcessivePackaging

PartIIReadingComprehension（Skimmingandscanning）

Fiftyyearsago,theywerethelatestthingineducationalreform:

big,modern,suburbanhighschoolswithstudentscountedinthethousands.Asbabyboomers（二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人）cameofhigh-schoolage,bigschoolspromisedeconomicefficiency,agreaterchoiceofcourses,and,ofcourse,betterfootballteams.Onlyyearslaterdidweunderstandthetrade-offsthisinvolved:

thecreationofexcessivebureaucracies（官僚机构）,thedifficultyofforgingpersonalconnectionsbetweenteachersandstudents.SATscoresbegandroppingin1963;today,onaverage,30%ofstudentsdonotcompletehighschoolinfouryears,afigurethatrisesto50%inpoorurbanneighborhoods.Whiletheemphasisonteachingtohigher,test-drivenstandardsassetinNoChildLeftBehindresultedinsignificantlybetterperformanceinelementary（andsomemiddle）schools,highschoolsforavarietyofreasonsseemedhavemadelittleprogress.

Sizeisn'teverything,butitdoesmatter,andthepastdecadehasseenanoticeablecountertrendtowardsmallerschools.Thishasbeenfostered,inpart,bytheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,whichhasinvested$1.8billioninAmericanhighschools,helpingtoopenabout1,000smallschools—mostofthemwithabout400kidseach,withanaverageenrollmentofonly150pergrade.About500moreareonthedrawingboard.Districtsalloverthecountryaretakingnotice,alongwithmayorsincitieslikeNewYork,ChicagoandSanDiego.Themovementincludesindependentpubliccharterschools,suchasNo.1BASISinTucson,withonly120high-schoolersand18graduatesthisyear.Itembracesdistrict-sanctionedmagnetschools,suchastheTalentedandGiftedSchool,with198students,andtheScienceandEngineeringMagnet,with383,whichshareabuildinginDallas,aswellastheCityHonorsSchoolinBuffalo,N.Y.,whichgrewoutofvolunteereveningseminarsforstudents.Anditincludesalternativeschoolswithstudentsselectedbylottery,suchasH-BWoodlawninArlington,Va.Andmostnoticeableofall,thereisthephenomenonoflargeurbanandsuburbanhighschoolsthathavesplitupintosmallerunitsofafewhundred,generallyhousedinthesamesprawlinggroundsthatonceboastedthousandsofstudentsallmarchingtothesameband.

HillsdaleHighSchoolinSanMateo,Calif.,isoneofthose,rankingNo.423—amongthetop2%inthecountry—onNEWSWEEK'sannualrankingofAmerica'stophighschools.Thesuccessofsmallschoolsisapparentinthelistings.Tenyearsago,whenthefirstNEWSWEEKlistbasedoncollege-leveltestparticipationwaspublished,onlythreeofthetop100schoolshadgraduatingclassessmallerthan100students.Thisyearthereare22.Nearly250schoolsonthefullNewsweeklistofthetop5%ofschoolsnationallyhadfewerthan200graduatesin2007.

AlthoughmanyofHillsdale’sstudentscamefromwealthyhouseholds,bythelate1990saveragetestscoreswereslidingandithadearnedtheunaffectionatenickname（绰号）”Hillsjail.”JeffGilbert,aHillsdaleteacherwhobecameprincipallastyear,rememberssittingwithotherteacherswatchingstudentsfileoutofagraduationceremonyandaskingoneanotherinastonishments,“Howdidthatstudentgraduate?

”

Soin2003Hillsdaleremadeitselfintothree“houses”,romanticallynamedFlorence,MarrakechandKyoto.Eachofthe300arrivingninthgradersarerandomly（随机地）assignedtooneofthehouses,wheretheywillkeepthesamefourcoresubjectteachersfortwoyearsbeforemovingontoanotherfor11thand12thgrades.Theclosenessthissystemcultivatesisreinforcedbytheinstitutionof"advisory"classes.Teachersmeetwithstudentsingroupsof25,fivemorningsaweek,foropen-endeddiscussionsofeverythingfromhomeworkproblemstobadSaturday-nightdates.Theadvisersalsomeetwithstudentsprivatelyandstayintouchwithparents,sotheyaredeeplyinvestedinthestudents'success."We'reconstantlytalkingaboutoneanother'sadvisees,"saysEnglishteacherChrisCrockett."Ifyouhearthatyoursisn'tdoingwellinmath,orseethemsittingoutsidethedean'soffice,it'slikeapersonalfailure."Alongwiththenewstructurecameamoredemandingacademicprogram;thepercentageoffreshmentakingbiologyjumpedfrom17to95."Itwasroughforsome,butbysenioryear,two-thirdshavemoveduptophysics,"saysGilbert."Ourkidsarecomingtoschoolinpartbecausetheyknowthereareadultsherewhoknowthemandcareforthem."Butnotallschoolsshowadvancesafterdownsizing,anditremainstobeseenwhethersmallerschoolswillbeacure-allsolution.

TheNEWSWEEKlistoftopU.S.highschoolswasmadethisyear,asinyearspast,accordingtoasinglemetric,theproportionofstudentstakingcollege-levelexams.Overtheyearsthissystemhascomeinforitsshareofcriticismforitssimplicity.Butthatisalsoitsstrength:

it'seasyforreaderstounderstand,andtodothearithmeticfortheirownschoolsifthey'dlike.

Rankingschoolsisalwayscontroversial,andthisyearagroupof38superintendents（地区教育主管）fromfivestateswrotetoaskthattheirschoolsbeexcludedfromthecalculation."Itisimpossibletoknowwhichhighschoolsare'thebest'inthenation,"theirletterread,inpart."Determiningwhetherdifferentschoolsdoordon'tofferahighqualityofeducationrequiresalookatmanydifferentmeasures,includingstudents'overallacademicaccomplishmentsandtheirsubsequentperformanceincollege,andtakingintoconsiderationtheuniqueneedsoftheircommunities."

Intheend,thesuperintendentsagreedtoprovidethedatawesought,whichis,afterall,publicinformation.Thereis,inourview,norealdisputehere;weareallseekingthesamething,whichisschoolsthatbetterserveourchildrenandournationbyencouragingstudentstotackletoughsubjectsundertheguidanceofgiftedteachers.Andifwekeepworkingtowardthatgoal,someday,perhaps,alistwon'tbenecessary.

1.Fiftyyearsago,big,modern,suburbanhighschoolswereestablishedinthehopeof_______.

A.ensuringnochildisleftbehind

B.increasingeconomicefficiency

C.improvingstudents'performanceonSAT

D.providinggoodeducationforbabyboomers

2.Whathappenedasaresultofsettingupbigschools

A.Studentsfocusedmoreontestscores.

B.Administrationbecamecentralized.

C.Teachers'workloadinreased.

D.Students'performancedeclined.

3.WhatissaidabouttheschoolsfundedbytheBillandMclindaGatesFoundation?

A.Theyareoftenlocatedinpoorneighborhoods.

B.Theyarepopularwithhigh-achievingstudents.

C.Theyareusuallymagnetschools.

D.Theyaremostlysmallinsize.

4.Whatismostnoticeableaboutthecurrenttrendinhighschooleducation?

A.ManyschoolscompetefortheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationfunds.

B.Agreatvarietyofschoolshavesprungupinurbanandsuburbanareas.

C.Studentshavetomeethigheracademicstandards.

D.Somelargeschoolshavesplitupintosmallerones.

5.Newsweekrankedhighschoolsaccordingto_______.

A.thesizeandnumberoftheirgraduatingclasses

B.theirstudents'academicachievement

C.theircollege-leveltestparticipation

D.thenumberoftheirstudentsadmittedtocollege

6.WhatcanwelearnaboutHillsdale'sstudentsinthelate1990s?

A.Theyweremadetostudyhardlieprisoners.

B.Theirschoolperformancewasgettingworse.

C.Mostofthemdidnothaveanysenseofdiscipline.

D.Theycalledeachotherbyunaffectionatenicknames.

7.AccordingtoJeffGilbert,the"advisory"classesatHillsdaleweresetupsothatstudentscould_______.

A.maintaincloserrelationshipswiththeirteachers

B.experienceagreatdealofpleasureinlearning

C.telltheirteacherswhattheydidonweekends

D.tacklethedemandingbiologyandphysicscourses

8._______isstillconsideredastrengthofNewsweek'sschoolrankingsysteminspiteofthecriticismitreceives.

9.Accordingtothe38superintendents,torankschoolsscientifically,itisnecessarytouse_______.

10.Tobetterservethechildrenandournation,schoolsshouldhiregiftedteachersandencouragestudentstotake_______.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

11.A.Tryingtosketchamap.

B.Cleaningthekitchen.

C.Paintingthediningroom.

D.Discussingahouseplan.

12.A.Sheisveryfussyaboutwhatsheeats.

B.SheofteneatsinaFrenchrestaurant.

C.SheusuallytakesasnackintheKFC.

D.Sheistiredofthefoodinthecanteen.

13.A.Talkingloudlyonthetelephone.

B.Preparingforanoralexamination.

C.Listeningtosomeloudmusic.

D.Practicingforaspeechcontest.

14.A.Theman’sjeansandT-shirtsarestylish.

B.Themanshouldbuyhimselfanewsuit.

C.Themancandresscasuallyfortheoccasion.

D.Themanhasleftagoodimpressiononherfamily.

15.A.100%cottonpantsindarkblue.

B.Greypantsmadefrompurecotton.

C.Fashionablepantsinbrightcolors.

D.Somethingtomatchherbrownpants.

16.A.Itsprice.

B.Itscomfort.

C.Itslocation.

D.Itsfacilities.

17.A.Adoptachild.

B.Lookforanewjob.

C.Traveloverseas.

D.Takeaphoto.

18.A.Itisagoodbargain.

B.Itisquitehealthy.

C.Itisnewonthemenu.

D.Itisaroutineoffer.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A.Havingherbicyclerepaired.

B.Conductingamarketsurvey.

C.Lecturingonbusines