建筑岩土工程勘察基本术语.docx
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建筑岩土工程勘察基本术语
建筑岩土工程勘察基本术语
第二章通用术语
第一节岩土工程及有关学科
1岩土工程（大地工程、土力工程、土质工学）
geotechnicalengineering,geotechnology
2土力学soilmechanics
3岩石力学rockmechanics
4基础工程foundationengineering
5工程地质学engineeringgeology
6环境工程地质学environmentalengineeringgeology
7地震工程学earthquakeengineering
8灾害地质学disastergeology,hazardgeololgy
9水文地质学（地下水水文学）hydrogeology,（groundwaterhadrology）
10地下水动力学groundwaterdynamics
11环境水文地质学environmentalhydrogeology
12水化学hydrochemistry
13水文地球化学hydrogeochemistry
14环境地球化学environmentalgeochemistry
15同位素地质学isotopegeology
16近海工程offshoreengineering
17数学地质mathematicalgeology
18航空地质aerialgeology
19遥感地质remotesensinggeology
第二节地球的构造
1大气圈atmosphere
2水圈hydrosphere
3生物圈biosphere
4地壳earthcrust
5地幔mantle
6地核core
7岩石圈lithosphere
第三节地貌
1地貌geomorphologyrelief
2地形landform
3地貌单元landformunit,geomorphicunit
4微地貌microrelief
5河漫滩floodplain,valleyflat
6冲击平原alluvialplain
7三角洲delta
8古河道fossilrivercourse,fossilstreamchannel
9河流阶地fluvialterrace
10冲击扇alluvialfan
11洪积扇diluvialfan
12坡积裙talusapron
13坳沟shallowflatravine
14冲沟gully
15分水岭divide
16喀斯特（岩溶）karst
17岩溶基准面karstbase-level
18岩溶率degreeofkarstification
19岩溶地貌karstlandfeature,karstlandform
20溶洞solutioncave,karstcave
21落水洞sinkhole
22土洞karsticearthcave
第四节矿物岩石
1黏土矿物claymineral
2高岭石kaolinite
3蒙脱石montmorillonite
4伊利石illite
5云母mica
6长石feldspar
7石英quartz
8岩石rock
9硬质岩石strongrock
10软质岩石weakrock
11岩石的结构rockstructure
12岩石的构造rocktexture
13岩浆岩（火成岩）magmaticrock（igneousrock）
14花岗岩granite
15流纹岩rhyolite
16闪长岩diorite
17安山岩andesite
18辉长岩gabbro
19玄武岩balsat
20正长岩syenite
21粗面岩trachyte
22沉积岩sedimentaryrock
23胶结物cement,binder
24胶结类型typeofcementation
25砾岩conglomerate
26角砾岩breccia
27黏土岩claystone
28泥岩mudstone
29页岩shale
30砂岩sandstone
31石英岩quartzite
32石灰岩limestone
33泥灰岩marl
34白云岩dolomite
35变质岩metamorphicrock
36片麻岩gneiss
37大理岩marble
38板岩slate
39片岩schist
40千枚岩phyllite
41构造岩tectonite
42断层角砾岩faultbreccia
43糜棱岩mylonite
44包含物inclusion
45充填物fillingmaterial
第五节地质构造
1地质体geologicalbody
2地质构造geologictexture,geologicstructure
3产状attitude
4走向strike
5倾向dip
6倾角dipangle
7褶曲fold
8背斜anticline
9向斜syncline
10构造盆地structuralbasin
11断层fault
12正断层normalfault
13逆断层reversefault
14平移断层transcurrentfault,strike-slipfault
15活断层activefault
16擦痕面slickensides
17断裂rupture,fracture
18发震断裂causativefault,seismogenicfault
19破碎带fracturezone
20节理joint
21节理组jointset
22节理频数（裂隙度）jointfrequency
23裂隙fissure,crack
24裂隙率fractureporosity,fissureporosity
25极射赤平投影stereographicprojection
第六节外力地质作用及其产物
1沉积物sediments
2冰积物till
3分选sorting
4磨圆度roundness
5冲刷深度scourdepth,erosiondepth
6冻结深度frostdepth
7风化作用weathering
8风化壳weatheringcrust
9风化程度degreeofweathering
10风化带weatheredzone
第七节物探
1地球物理勘探geophysicalprospecting,geophysicalexploration
2工程地球物理勘探engineeringgeophysicalprospecting
3综合物探方法comprehensivegeophysicalmethod
4声波探测sonicprospecting,acousticprospecting,acousticexploration
5大地电流场telluric（electric）field
6自然电场naturalelectricfield
7自然电场法naturalelectricfieldmethod
8电法勘探electricalprospecting,electricalexploration
9地震勘探seismicprospecting,seismicexploration
10磁法勘探magneticprospecting,magneticexploration
11重力勘探gravityprospecting,gravityexploration
12放射性勘探radioactivityprospecting
13地球物理测井geophysicallogging
14电测井electriclogging
15电阻率测井resistivitylogging
16温度测井temperaturelogging
17井斜测井driftlogging
18放射性测井radioactivitylogging
19井径测量holediametermeasurement
20单孔下传法down-holemethod
21单孔上传法（检层法）up-holemethod（boreholemethod）
22跨孔法crossholemethod
23遥感技术remotesensingtechnique
24红外探测infra-redacquisition,infra-reddetection
25航片地质解释geologicalinterpretationofaerialphotograph
26卫片地质解释geologicalinterpretationofsatellitephotograph
27传感器transducer
28探头（探测器、探针）probe
第八节勘探
1勘探exploration
2勘探线exploratoryline
3勘探点exploratoryspot,exploratorypoint
4勘探孔（井）explorationhole（well）
5勘探生产孔（井）explorationproductionhole（well）
6探槽exploratorytrench,testtrench
7平洞adit
8探井exploratorypit,testpit,exploratoryshaft
9斜井inclinedshaft
10竖井shaft,verticalshaft
11钎探rodsounding
12槽探trenching
13井探（坑探）test-pitting
14钻探drilling,boring
15钻孔borehole,drillhole
16钻孔结构drillholestructure
17回转钻进rotarydrilling
18冲击钻进percussiondrilling,churndrilling
19钢砂钻进shotdrilling
20跟管钻进follow-downdrilling
21岩芯钻探coredrilling
22振动钻探vibro-boring,vibro-drilling
23泥浆钻探mudflushdrilling
24空气钻探airflushdrilling
25岩石的可钻性rock-drillability
26岩芯采取率corerecovery,coreextraction
27冲洗液flushfluid
28正循环冲洗directcirculation
29反循环冲洗reversecirculation
30泥浆med,slurry
31泥皮mudcake
32冲洗液消耗量flushfluidloss
33漏水段lostcirculationinterval
34钻机drillingrig
35钻头drillbit,drillingbit
36螺旋钻头auger
37勺钻spoonbit
38冲击钻头percussionbit,choppingbit
39桶式钻头bucketauger
40抽桶bailer
41钻杆drillrod
42套管casing
43岩芯管corebarrel
44取土器sampler,samplingtube
45面积比arearatio
46内间隙比innerclearanceratio
47外间隙比outerclearanceratio
48厚壁取土器thickwallsampler
49薄壁取土器thinwallsampler
50束结式取土器ringed-linebarrelsampler,thinwalledshoeandbarrelsamplerassem
51回转取土器rotarysampler,doublecorebarrelsampler
52活塞取土器pistonsampler
53水压活塞取土器hydraulicpistonsampler
54谢尔贝取土器Shelbytubesampler
55原状土样undisturbedsample
56扰动土样disturbedsoilsampler
第九节通用图件
1地形图topographicalmap
2地貌图geomorphologicmap
3地质图geologicalmap
4第四纪地质图quaternarygeologymap
5覆盖层地质图driftmap,overburdenmap
6基岩地质图bedrockmap
7构造地质图geologicalstructuremap
8地质剖面图geologicalsection,geologicalprofile
9实测地质剖面图field-acquiredgeologicalprofile
10横剖面图transverseprofile,cross-section
11纵剖面图longitudinalprofile
12综合柱状图compositecolumnarsection
13立体投影图fencediagram
14节理玫瑰图rosediagramofjoints
第三章岩土力学及基础工程
第一节土的类别
1土的统一分类法unifiedsoilclassificationsystem
2塑性图plasticitychart
3残积土residualsoil
4坡积土slopewash
5洪积土diluvialsoil
6冲击土alluvium,alluvialsoil
7风积土eoliandeposit
8海积土marinesoil
9有机土organicsoil
10泥炭peat
11沼泽土swampsoil,marshsoil
12漂石boulders
13块石blockystones
14卵石gravels,cobbles
15碎石angulargravels,angularcobbles
16圆砾finegravels,pebbles
17角砾angularfinegravels,angularpebbles
18砂土sand
19砾砂gravellysand
20粗砂coarsesand
21中砂mediumsand
22细砂finesand
23粉砂siltysand
24粉土silt
25砂质粉土sandysilt
26粘质粉土clayeysilt
27轻亚黏土sandyloam
28亚砂土siltyloam,sandyloam,clayeysilt
29粘性土cohesivesoil
30粉质黏土siltyclay
31亚黏土clayloam,leanclay
32黏土clay
33红黏土redclay,lateriticsoil
34裂隙黏土fissuredclay
35网纹黏土latticeclay
36软土softclay
37淤泥softorganicclay,mud
38冻土frozensoil
39膨胀土expansivesoil,swellingsoil
40盐渍土saltysoil,salinesoil
41湿陷性土collapsiblesoil,slumpingsoil
42黄土loess
43人工填土fill
44素添土plainfill
45杂填土miscellaneousfill
46冲填土hydraulicfill,dredgerfill
47回填土backfill
48质控填土engineeredfill
49纹泥（季候泥）varvedclay
50正常固结土normallyconsolidatedsoil
51欠固结土underconsolidatedsoil
52超固结土overconsolidatedsoil
第二节岩土物理性质
1物理性质physicalproperty
2均质性homogeneity
3非均质性heterogeneity
4均质层homogeneousstratum,homogeneouslayer
5非均质层heterogeneouslayer,heterogeneousstratum
6各向同性isotropy
7各向异性anisotropy
8各向同性介质isotropicmedium
9各向异性介质anisotropicmedium
10粒径（粒度）grainsize,particlesize
11粒组fraction
12颗粒级配grainsizedistribution;gradation;grading;granulometricdistribution
13粒径分配曲线（颗粒累积曲线）
grainsizedistributioncurve;gradingcurve;granulometriccurve;grainaccumulationcurve
14有效粒径effectivegrainsize,effectivediameter
15平均粒径meandiameter
16限制粒径constraineddiameter
17均匀系数coefficientofuniformity
18级配系数coefficientofgradation
19浑圆度roundness
20球度sphericity
21比面积specificsurface
22土骨架soilskeleton
23宏观结构macro-structure
24微观结构micro-structure
25单粒结构singlegrainedstructure
26聚粒结构aggregatedstructure
27絮凝结构flocculentstructure
28组构分析fabricanalysis
29触变性thixotropy
30活动性activityofsoil
31绸度consistency
32阿太堡界限Atterberglimits
33缩限shrinkagelimit
34塑限plasticlimit（PL）
35液限liquidlimit（LL）
36塑性指数plasticityindex（PI）
37液性指数liquidityindex
38含水比watercontentratio
39密度density
40重度bulkweight,unitweight
41干重度dryunitweight
42浮重度buoyantunitweight,submergedunitweight
43饱和重度saturatedunitweight
44含水量moisturecontent,watercontent
45饱和度degreeofsaturation
46孔隙率porosity
47孔隙比voidratio
48相对密度relativedensity
49临界孔隙比criticalvoidratio
50密实度compactness
51收缩shrinkage
52体缩volumetricshrinkage,bulkshrinkage
53膨胀性expansibility,expansiveness
54自由膨胀率freeswell
55崩解性（湿化性）slaking
56湿陷性collapsibility
57自重湿陷性self-weightcollapsibility
58冻胀frostheave
59融陷性thawcollapsibility
60岩石的吸水率absorptionrateofrock
61岩石的饱水率watersaturationofrock
62岩石的饱水系数water-saturationcoefficientofrock
63岩石的抗冻性frostresistibilityofrock
第三节岩土力学性质
1力学性质mechanicalproperties
2总应力totalstress
3有效应力effectivestress
4中性应力（中性压力）neutralstress
5孔隙水压力porewaterpressure
6超孔隙水压力excessporepressure
7孔隙水压力参数porepressureparameters
8孔隙（水）压力消散dissipationofporewaterpressure
9应力路径stresspath
10莫尔圆Mohr’scircle
11非线性应力应变关系relationofnonlinearstress-strain
12弹性介质elasticmedium
13弹性半空间elastichalfspace
14泊松比Poisson’sratio
15弹性模量modulusofelasticity,elasticmodulus,You
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