1999年英语专业四级真题和答案详解.docx

1999年英语专业四级真题和答案详解.docx

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1999年英语专业四级真题和答案详解

PartⅥREADINGCOMPREHENSION ［30MIN.］

SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION  ［25MIN.］

   Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.Markyourchoiceonyouranswersheet.

TEXTA

Surprisingly,nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation.Properrecordsarejustnotkept.Weknowthatmorethan850.000childrengothroughhospitaleachyear,andthateverychildofschoolagehasalegalrighttocontinuetoreceiveeducationwhileinhospital.Wealsoknowthereisonlyonehospitalteachertoevery1,000childreninhospital.

   Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry.ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEnglandwhichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhaveonlyapart-timeteacher.Thespecialchildren’shospitalsinmajorcitiesdobest;generalhospitalsinthecountryandholidayareasareworstoff.Fromthissurvey,onecanestimatethatfewerthanoneinfivechildrenhavesomecontactwithahospitalteacher—andthatcontactmaybeaslittleastwohoursaday.Mostchildreninterviewedweresurprisedtofindateacherinhospitalatall.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforitbyparentsortheirownschool.Iftherewasateachertheyweremuchmorelikelytoreadbooksanddomathornumberwork;withoutateachertheywouldonlyplaygames.

   Reasonsforhospitalteachingrangefrompreventingachildfallingbehindandmaintainingthehabitofschooltokeepingachildoccupied,andthelatterisoftenalltheteachercando.Thepositionandinfluenceofmanyteacherswassummedupwhenparentsreferredtothemas“thelibrarylady”orjust“thehelper”.Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.Severalparentsspokeofrequestsforworkbeingignoredorrefusedbytheschool.Oncebackatschoolchildrenrarelygetextrateaching,andaretoldtocatchupasbesttheycan.

   Manyshort-staychild-patientscatchupquickly.Butschoolsdoverylittletoeasetheanxietyaboutfallingbehindexpressedbymanyofthechildreninterviewed.

66．Theauthorpointsoutatthebeginningthat___.

A. everychildinhospitalreceivessometeaching

B.  notenoughisknownabouthospitalteaching

C.  hospitalteachingisofpoorquality

D. thespecialchildren’shospitalsareworstoff

67.  Itcanbeinferredfromthelatestsurveythat___.

A.hospitalteachingacrossthecountryissimilar

B.  eachhospitalhasatleastonepart-timeteacher

C.allhospitalssurveyedoffereducationtochildren

D.onlyone-fourthofthehospitalshavefull-timeteachers

68.  Childreninhospitalusual1yturnto___inordertocatchupwith theirschoolwork.

A.  hospitalteachers  B.  schoolmatesC.  parents  D.  schoolteachers

69. Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthoris___.

A.  unfavourabletowardschildrenreceivingeducationinhospitals

B.  infavourofthepresentstateofteachinginhospitals

C.  unsatisfiedwiththepresentstateofhospitalteaching

D.  satisfiedwiththeresultsofthelatestsurvey

TEXTB

     Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneedforotherpeopletobecome“computer-literate”,inotherwords,tolearntounderstandcomputersandwhatmakesthemtick.Notallexpertsagree,however,thatisagoodidea.

    Onepioneer,inparticular.whodisagreesisDavidTebbutt,thefounderofComputertownUK.Althoughmanypeopleseethisasasuccessfulattempttobringpeopleclosertothecomputer,Daviddoesnotseeitthatway.HesaysthatComputertownUKwasformedforjusttheoppositereason,tobringcomputerstothepeopleandmakethem“people-literate”.

   DavidfirstgottheideawhenhevisitedoneofAmerica’sbest-knowncomputer“guru”figure,BobAlbrecht，inthesmalluniversitytownofPaloAltoinNorthernCalifornia.AlbrechthadstartedaprojectcalledComputertownUSAinthelocallibrary,andthelocalchildrenusedtocallroundeveryWednesdaytoborrowsometimeonthecomputersthere,insteadofborrowinglibrarybooks.Albrechtwasalwaysonhandtoansweranyquestionsandtohelpthechildrendiscoveraboutcomputersintheirownway.

   Overhere,inBritain，Computertownshavetakenoffinabigway，andtherearenowabout40scatteredoverthecountry.DavidTebbuttthinkstheyaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoacomputerclub.Heinsiststhereisavastandimportantdifferencebetweenthetwo,althoughtheycomplementeachother.Theclubscaterfortheenthusiasts,withsomecomputerknowledgealready,whogettogetherarideventuallyformanexpertcomputergroup.Thisfrightensawaynon-experts,whoarehappiergoingtoComputertownswheretherearecomputersavailableforthemtoexperimenton,withexpertsavailabletoencouragethemandansweranyquestions;theyarenottoldwhattodo,theyfindout.

   DavidTehbuttfindsitinterestingtoseethetwodifferentapproachesworkingsidebyside.Thecomputerexpertshavetolearnnottotellpeopleaboutcomputers,buthavetobeabletoexplaintheanswerstothequestionsthatpeoplereallywanttoknow.InsomeComputertownstherearequestionsessions,ratherlikeradiophone-ins,wheretheexpertslistentoalotofquestionsandthentrytoworkoutsomestructuretoanswerthem.Peoplearenothavingtolearncomputerjargons,buttheexpertsarehavingtotranslatecomputermysteriesintoeasilyunderstoodterms;thecomputersarebecoming“people-literate”.

70.  AccordingtoDavidTebbutt,thepurposeofComputertownUKisto___

A.  trainpeopletounderstandhowcomputerswork

B.  makemorecomputersavailabletopeople

C.  enablemorepeopletofixcomputersthemselves

D.  helppeoplefindoutmoreaboutcomputers

71.  WeLearnfromthepassagethatComputertownUSAwasa___.

A.town   B. project   C. library   D. school

72. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

A.  ComputertownsintheUKhavebecomepopular.

B.  Computertownsandclubscaterfordifferentpeople.

C.  Computertownsaremoresuccessfulthanclubs.

D.  It’sbetterthatcomputertownsandclubsworktogether.

73.  WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofcomputertowns?

A.  Expertsgivelecturesandtalksoncomputers.

B.  Expertsareonhandtoanswerpeople’squestions.

C.Peoplearelefttodiscovercomputersontheirown.

D.  Therearecomputersaroundforpeopletopractiseon.

TEXTC

   Theremustbefewquestionsonwhichresponsibleopinionissoutterlydividedasonthatofhowmuchsleepweoughttohave.Therearesomewhothinkwecanleavethebodytoregulatethesemattersforitself.“Theansweriseasy,”saysDr.A.Burton.“Withtherightamountofsleepyoushouldwakeupfreshandalertfiveminutesbeforethealarmrings.”Ifheisrightmanypeoplemustbeundersleeping,includingmyself.Butwemustrememberthatsomepeoplehaveagreaterinertiathanothers.Thisisnotmeantrudely.Theyswitchonslowly,andtheyarereluctanttoswitchoff.Theyarealertatbedtimeandsleepywhenitistime togetup,andthismayhavenothingtodowithhowfatiguedtheirbodiesare,orhowmuchsleeptheymusttaketolosetheirfatigue.

   Otherpeoplefeelsurethatthepresenttrendistowardstoolittlesleep.Toquoteonemedicalopinion,thousandsofpeopledriftthroughlifesufferingfromtheeffectsoftoolittlesleep;thereasonisnotthattheycan’tsleep.Likeadvancingcolonists,wedoseemtobegraspingevermoreofthelandofsleepforourwakingneeds,pushingtheboundarybackandreaching,apparently,forapointinourevolutionwherewewillsleepnomore.Thisinitself,ofcourse,need notbeabadthing.Whatcouldbedisastrous,however,isthatweshouldpresstooquicklytowardsthisgoal,sacrificingsleeponlytogainmoretimeinwhich tojeopardizeourcivilizationbyactionsanddecisionsmadeweakbyfatigue.Then,tocompletethepicture,therearethosewhobelievethatmostpeoplearepersuadedtosleeptoomuch.DrH.Roberts,writinginEveryManinHealth,asserts:

“Itmaysafelybestatedthat,justasthemajorityeattoomuch,sothemajoritysleeptoomuch.”Onecanseethepointofthisalso.Itwouldbeapitytoretardourdevelopmentbyholdingbackthosepeoplewhoaregiftedenoughtoworkandplaywellwithlessthantheaverageamountofsleep,ifindeeditdoesthemnoharm.Ifoneofthetrendsofevolutionisthatmoreofthelifespanistobespentingainfulwakingactivity,thensurelythesepeopleareinthevanofthisadvance.

74.  Theauthorseemstoindicatethat___.

A.  therearemanycontroversialissuesliketherightamountofsleep

B.  amongmanyissuestherightamountofsleepistheleastcontroversial

C.  peoplearenowmovingtowardssolvingmanycontroversialissues

D.  therightamountofsleepisatopicofmuchcontroversyamongdoctors

75.  TheauthordisagreeswithDr.Burtonbecause___.

A.  fewpeoplecanwakeupfeelingfreshandalert

B.  somepeoplestillfeeltiredwithenoughsleep

C.  somepeoplestillfeelsleepywithenoughsleep

D.  somepeoplegotobedverylateatnight

76.  Inthelastparagraphtheauthorpointsoutthat___.

A.  sleepinglessisgoodforhumandevelopment

B.  peopleoughttobepersuadedtosleeplessthanbefore

C.  itisincorrecttosaythatpeopl