文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响.docx

文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响.docx

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文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响

TheInfluenceofCulturalDifferenceuponCross-culturalCommunication

文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响

摘要

随着经济全球化和世界政治一体化的发展,经济全球化在国际系统中发挥着越来越重要的作用。

各个国家之间的交流日益频繁，国际竞争日趋激烈，特别是在经济全球化日益白热化的今天,全球化的影响无处不在。

我们是安全的在自己的小圈子里发展自己的经济,促进自己的本土文化,传递自己的文明也仍怡然自得。

但当全球化势不可阻挡的时候,我们需要寻求更多的交流平台。

拓展更宽的视野势在必行,因此,文明之间的碰撞和融合并驾齐驱。

这种趋势,迎合国家交往的要求,也是时代的潮流。

但是，不同国家之间的文化交流是很复杂的。

其内容涵盖了政治，经济等。

同时,不同的文化必然会产生各种不同的冲突。

所以，本文旨在探索中西方文化差异导致冲突的原因，可以帮助英语学习者在学习过程中“求同存异”，更好地进行跨文化交际。

关键词：

文化差异；差异根源；跨文化交际；影响；能力；提高

Abstract

Withthedevelopmentofeconomicandpoliticalintegrationoftheworld,economicglobalizationplaysanimportantroleintheinternationalsystem.Communicationbetweencountriesisfrequent,asaresult,internationalcompetitionbecomesfiercerthaneverbefore.Itseffectsareeverywhere.Wedevelopourownnativecultureinthesmallcircleofeconomic.Andourcivilizationispassingfromgenerationtogeneration.Nowadaysglobalizationisunavoidable,weneedtofindmorecommunicationplatform.Soitisimperativetoexploitotherwidefieldsofvision.Asaresult,thefusionbetweencountriesisunavoidable.Thistrend,cateringtothedemandsoftheexchangesbetweencountriesisalsothetrendofthetimes.Theculturalcommunicationiscomplicatedbetweendifferentcountries.Itreferstoeconomicandpoliticalaffairs.However,differentkindsofcultureareboundtohavevariousconflicts.SointhistextthesereasonsthatleadingtoconflictsbetweenChineseandwesternculturaldifferencesisexplored.Understandingthesedifferencescanhelpusseekcommongroundwhileputtingasidedifferences.Itisconducivetopromotecross-culturalcommunication.

KeyWords:

culturaldifferences;root;cross-culturalcommunication;influence;theability;improvement

Contents

摘要I

AbstractII

1.Introduction1

2.TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCulture1

2.1DifferencesinLanguageCommunication1

2.1.1DailyGreetings1

2.1.2TheUseofNicknamesamongFamilyMembers2

2.1.3TheDifferencesofSayingFarewell2

2.2TableMannerDifferences2

2.2.1RepastForminChina2

2.2.2TheWayofHospitality3

2.2.3DifferentTableware3

2.3DifferencebetweenChineseandWesternDiningEtiquette4

2.3.1DifferentClothes4

2.3.2TheDifferenceofDiningLocation4

2.3.3DifferentMethodsofrefusal.4

2.3.4DifferentChoiceofFood5

2.4SocialEtiquetteDifference5

2.4.1SocialBehavior5

2.4.2GreetingsatFirstMet5

2.5OtherSituationsofCommunication6

2.5.1TerminatetheConversation6

2.5.2TheWayofAskingforHelp7

3.ErrorsandConflictsintheCommunicationofCross-culture8

3.1AwarenessofPrivacy8

3.2DifferentHolidays8

3.3DifferentValues9

3.4ConceptofTime9

4.TheRootofCulturalDifferences.10

4.1RegionalDifferences10

4.2TheReasonsofEducation10

5.Conclusion11

Bibliography13

Acknowledgements14

1.Introduction

Cultureisabstract.Itmainlyincludesconceptofsubstance,ideologyandsystemofthreeotheraspects,thatislanguage,customs,thinkingpower,etc.Objectivelytosay,cultureisthesumofsocialvaluesystem.It’sanabstractconcept.Chinesecultureisall-inclusive.Itishardtoexplainitclearly.Inthiscontextwewillrepresentexamplestointerpretculturaldifferences.Tounderstandthedifferencesintheculturecanavoiddisadvantagesininternationalintercourse.Chinahasfivethousand-year-oldcivilization,knownas“paradiseofculture.”TheChineseisalsofamousforitspolitestyleintheworld.EtiquettecivilizationasanimportantpartofChinesetraditionalcultureplayedanextensiveandprofoundroleinsocialandhistoricaldevelopment.Thecontentisabundant,thescopeisunprecedented.Theinfluencealmostpermeateseveryaspectofsociallife,itfullyembodiesthattheChinesecultureisextensiveandprofound.

Ininternationalsociallifecivilization,etiquetteisveryimportant.Itrevealstheirowncultureanditpromotesthespreadoftheirownculture.Meanwhile,itappearsmorechallengesbetweencountries.Itisakindoflanguageanditisatool.Withthequickeningpaceofreformandopeningup,internationalculturalcommunicationisincreasing,asaresult,moredifferencesarisebetweenChineseandwesternculture.Theeffectsofsuchdifferencesareprofoundandlasting.Itcan’treachperfectfusionuntilpeopleunderstandthesedifferencesclearly.

2.TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCulture

2.1DifferencesinLanguageCommunication

2.1.1DailyGreetings

Chinesepeoplemostlyuse:

“Doyoueatyourmeal?

”,“Whereareyougoing?

”whentheymeettheirfriends.Thisreflectstheinterpersonalconcerns.Butforwesterners,thesesentenceswillmakethemconfusedandmorelikelymakethemfeelabrupt,embarrassedoruncomfortable.Westernersliketothinkthequestiondirectly,andtheydon’tlikeotherstointerfereintheirprivatelives.Intheircountriestheysimplysay“goodmorning”“It’safundaytoday”whenpeoplemeeteachother.

2.1.2TheUseofNicknamesamongFamilyMembers

Inwesterncountriestheuseofafirst-nameismuchmorewidelythaninChina.Inthewesterncountries,peopleusuallyuse“Sir”or“Madam”tocallastrangeriftheydon’tknowtheirnames.Foragirlwhoisnotmarriedpeoplecallher“Miss”andamarriedwomancanbecalled“Mrs”or“Lady”instead.Chinesefamilymemberspaymoreattentiontothestatusofagenerationinthefamily.Thoughinrecentyears,therearesomenumbersofthefamilycallthenamesbetweenfatherandson,butitisonlyafew.However,amongwesternfamilymembers,theycallnameseachotherregardlessofthestatusofagenerationinthefamily.Theyallclaimtonamesornicknameeachother.Parentsandchildrencanalsocallnames,allmaleeldercalluncle,womeneldercallaunt.Thiswayofcallingnamesbetweenfamilynumbersdoesn’tworkinChina,otherwise,itwillbeconsideredoverstepping.

2.1.3TheDifferencesofSayingFarewell

Thewesternersalsohavealotofdifferentwaysofexpressionwhentheysaygoodbyetoeachother.TheChineseoftensaythatoneshouldtakegoodcareofoneself,drinkmoreboiledwater,putonmoreclothesandsoon.Butthewesternersjustsaybye,becausethiswaywillnotinterfereinotherpeople’sbehavior.

2.2TableMannerDifferences

2.2.1RepastForminChina

AnybanquetinChina,nomatterwhatpurposeithas,itonlyhasonefromfromwhichlotsofpeoplesharingfoodaroundaroundtable.Itusuallyusesroundtabletorepresenttheunity.Nextwewillintroducesomethingaboutmeals.InChinamealsusuallybeginwithasetoffourcolddishesatfirst,tobefollowedbythemaincoursesofhotmeatandvegetabledishes.Soupthenwillbeserved（unlessinGuangdongstylerestaurants）.Mealswillbefollowedbystaplerangingfromrice,noodlestodumplings.Ifyouwishtohaveyourricetogowithotherdishes,youshouldtellyourhost.MostoftheChinesechoosetohavethestaplefoodatlastorhavenoneofthematall.Thenwewillintroducetheorderofserving.InChinathefirstcourseisdishthenfollowedbythestaplefoodsuchasrice.Fruitasthelastdishisusedtopromotedigestion.Inwesterncountriestheorderisgenerallyvegetablesandsoup,fruit,staplefoodandfinallydessertandcoffee.

2.2.2TheWayofHospitality

OneofthethingsthatsurpriseWesternvisitorsmostisthatsomeoftheChinesehostsliketoputfoodintotheplatesoftheirguests.It’sawayofshowinghospitality.Informaldinners,therearealways“public”chopsticksandspoonsforguests,butsomehostsalsousetheirownchopsticks.Thisisasignofgenuinefriendshipandpoliteness.Itisalwayspolitetoeatthefood.Ifyoudonoteatitandjustleavethefoodintheplate.Thehostwillnotbehappy.

2.2.3DifferentTableware

ThemaindifferenceliesinthetablewarebetweenChineseandwesterndinner.InChinatablewareisrelativelysimple,generallycups,plates,bowls,dishes,chopsticks,spoon,etc.Westernershaveaknifeandfork,spoon,plates,etc.knivesandforksaresubdividedintomanykinds.InChina,peopleusechopstickstoeat;whileinthewestpeopleuseknivesandforksinstead.Butthat’sonlysuperficial.Indecentrestaurants,youcanalwaysaskforapairofknifeandforkifyoufindthechopsticksnothelpfulenough.TherealdifferenceisthatintheWest,youhaveyourownplateoffood,whileinChinathedishesareplacedonthetableandeveryoneshares.Ifyouarebeingtreatedtoaformaldinneryouhavetoobeythefollowingrules.Yourhostwilldothebesttodrawaharmoniousdiningenvironmentforyouandgiveyouatasteofmanydifferenttypesofdishes,sowhatyoushoulddoiseatupthedishesbeforeyou.

2.3DifferencebetweenChineseandWesternDiningEtiquette

2.3.1DifferentClothes

InChina,somepeoplehavedinnerinabnormalclothescasually,evenint-shirts,jeans.Insomeimportantbanquettheydon’tmindclothing.Whileinsomeupscalerestaurantinthewest,menmustwearcleanjacketandshoes.Theyusuallywearatieanddonotwearcasualclothestotherestaurantfordinner.

2.3.2TheDifferenceofDiningLocation

Peoplehavetositdowninpositioninthefamilyhierarchyaftertheguestshavetheirseats.Oppositethedooristhehostess’sseat.Farthestfromthedoor,amalehostseated.Theseatontheright-handsideofthehostessisthefirstguest,generallyasir.Therightseatisthesecondguest’sseat,generallytheladyguest.Inwesterncountriespriorityisgiventoladiestochooseseats.Thentherestpeoplesitattheiroption.

2.3.3DifferentMethodsofrefusal.

Ifyoudonotwanttoeatindinneryouhavetoinformyourhostintime.Nextwewillseesomecommonmethodsofrefusal.Guestscanputchopsticksorspoons