文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响.docx

1、文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响 The Influence of Cultural Difference upon Cross-cultural Communication文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响摘 要随着经济全球化和世界政治一体化的发展,经济全球化在国际系统中发挥着越来越重要的作用。各个国家之间的交流日益频繁，国际竞争日趋激烈，特别是在经济全球化日益白热化的今天,全球化的影响无处不在。我们是安全的在自己的小圈子里发展自己的经济,促进自己的本土文化,传递自己的文明也仍怡然自得。但当全球化势不可阻挡的时候,我们需要寻求更多的交流平台。拓展更宽的视野势在必行,因此,文明之间的碰撞和融合并驾齐驱。

2、这种趋势,迎合国家交往的要求,也是时代的潮流。但是，不同国家之间的文化交流是很复杂的。其内容涵盖了政治，经济等。同时,不同的文化必然会产生各种不同的冲突。所以，本文旨在探索中西方文化差异导致冲突的原因，可以帮助英语学习者在学习过程中 “求同存异”，更好地进行跨文化交际。关键词：文化差异；差异根源；跨文化交际；影响；能力；提高AbstractWith the development of economic and political integration of the world, economic globalization plays an important role in the in

3、ternational system. Communication between countries is frequent, as a result, international competition becomes fiercer than ever before. Its effects are everywhere. We develop our own native culture in the small circle of economic. And our civilization is passing from generation to generation. Nowa

4、days globalization is unavoidable, we need to find more communication platform. So it is imperative to exploit other wide fields of vision. As a result, the fusion between countries is unavoidable. This trend, catering to the demands of the exchanges between countries is also the trend of the times.

5、 The cultural communication is complicated between different countries. It refers to economic and political affairs. However, different kinds of culture are bound to have various conflicts. So in this text these reasons that leading to conflicts between Chinese and western cultural differences is ex

6、plored. Understanding these differences can help us seek common ground while putting aside differences. It is conducive to promote cross-cultural communication.Key Words: cultural differences; root; cross-cultural communication; influence; the ability; improvementContents摘 要 IAbstract II1. Introduct

7、ion 12. The Differences between Chinese and Western Culture 12.1 Differences in Language Communication 12.1.1 Daily Greetings 12.1.2 The Use of Nicknames among Family Members 22.1.3 The Differences of Saying Farewell 22.2 Table Manner Differences 22.2.1 Repast Form in China 22.2.2 The Way of Hospita

8、lity 32.2.3 Different Tableware 32.3 Difference between Chinese and Western Dining Etiquette 42.3.1 Different Clothes 42.3.2 The Difference of Dining Location 42.3.3 Different Methods of refusal. 42. 3.4 Different Choice of Food 52.4 Social Etiquette Difference 52.4.1 Social Behavior 52. 4.2 Greetin

9、gs at First Met 52.5 Other Situations of Communication 62.5.1Terminate the Conversation 62.5.2 The Way of Asking for Help 73. Errors and Conflicts in the Communication of Cross-culture 83.1 Awareness of Privacy 83.2 Different Holidays 83.3 Different Values 93.4 Concept of Time 94. The Root of Cultur

10、al Differences. 104.1 Regional Differences 104.2 The Reasons of Education 105. Conclusion 11Bibliography 13Acknowledgements 141. IntroductionCulture is abstract. It mainly includes concept of substance, ideology and system of three other aspects, that is language, customs, thinking power, etc. Objec

11、tively to say, culture is the sum of social value system. Its an abstract concept. Chinese culture is all-inclusive. It is hard to explain it clearly. In this context we will represent examples to interpret cultural differences. To understand the differences in the culture can avoid disadvantages in

12、 international intercourse. China has five thousand - year - old civilization, known as “paradise of culture.” The Chinese is also famous for its polite style in the world. Etiquette civilization as an important part of Chinese traditional culture played an extensive and profound role in social and

13、historical development. The content is abundant, the scope is unprecedented. The influence almost permeates every aspect of social life, it fully embodies that the Chinese culture is extensive and profound.In international social life civilization, etiquette is very important. It reveals their own c

14、ulture and it promotes the spread of their own culture. Meanwhile, it appears more challenges between countries. It is a kind of language and it is a tool. With the quickening pace of reform and opening up, international cultural communication is increasing, as a result, more differences arise betwe

15、en Chinese and western culture. The effects of such differences are profound and lasting. It cant reach perfect fusion until people understand these differences clearly. 2. The Differences between Chinese and Western Culture 2.1 Differences in Language Communication2.1.1 Daily GreetingsChinese peopl

16、e mostly use: “Do you eat your meal?”, “Where are you going?” when they meet their friends. This reflects the interpersonal concerns. But for westerners, these sentences will make them confused and more likely make them feel abrupt, embarrassed or uncomfortable. Westerners like to think the question

17、 directly, and they dont like others to interfere in their private lives. In their countries they simply say “good morning” “Its a fun day today” when people meet each other.2.1.2 The Use of Nicknames among Family MembersIn western countries the use of a first-name is much more widely than in China.

18、 In the western countries, people usually use “Sir” or “Madam” to call a stranger if they dont know their names. For a girl who is not married people call her “Miss” and a married woman can be called “Mrs” or “Lady” instead. Chinese family members pay more attention to the status of a generation in

19、the family. Though in recent years, there are some numbers of the family call the names between father and son, but it is only a few. However, among western family members, they call names each other regardless of the status of a generation in the family. They all claim to names or nickname each oth

20、er. Parents and children can also call names, all male elder call uncle, women elder call aunt. This way of calling names between family numbers doesnt work in China, otherwise, it will be considered overstepping.2.1.3 The Differences of Saying FarewellThe westerners also have a lot of different way

21、s of expression when they say goodbye to each other. The Chinese often say that one should take good care of oneself, drink more boiled water, put on more clothes and so on. But the westerners just say bye, because this way will not interfere in other peoples behavior. 2.2 Table Manner Differences2.

22、2.1 Repast Form in China Any banquet in China, no matter what purpose it has, it only has one from from which lots of people sharing food around a round table. It usually uses round table to represent the unity. Next we will introduce something about meals. In China meals usually begin with a set of

23、 four cold dishes at first, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served (unless in Guangdong style restaurants). Meals will be followed by staple ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you shou

24、ld tell your host. Most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all. Then we will introduce the order of serving. In China the first course is dish then followed by the staple food such as rice. Fruit as the last dish is used to promote digestion. In western cou

25、ntries the order is generally vegetables and soup, fruit, staple food and finally dessert and coffee. 2.2.2 The Way of HospitalityOne of the things that surprise Western visitors most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. Its a way of showing hospitality

26、. In formal dinners, there are always “public” chopsticks and spoons for guests, but some hosts also use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it and just leave the food in the plate. The host will not be hap

27、py. 2.2.3 Different TablewareThe main difference lies in the tableware between Chinese and western dinner. In China tableware is relatively simple, generally cups, plates, bowls, dishes, chopsticks, spoon, etc. Westerners have a knife and fork, spoon, plates, etc. knives and forks are subdivided int

28、o many kinds. In China, people use chopsticks to eat; while in the west people use knives and forks instead. But thats only superficial. In decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you

29、have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal dinner you have to obey the following rules. Your host will do the best to draw a harmonious dining environment for you and give you a taste of many different type

30、s of dishes, so what you should do is eat up the dishes before you.2.3 Difference between Chinese and Western Dining Etiquette2.3.1 Different ClothesIn China, some people have dinner in abnormal clothes casually, even in t-shirts, jeans. In some important banquet they dont mind clothing. While in so

31、me upscale restaurant in the west, men must wear clean jacket and shoes. They usually wear a tie and do not wear casual clothes to the restaurant for dinner.2.3.2 The Difference of Dining Location People have to sit down in position in the family hierarchy after the guests have their seats. Opposite

32、 the door is the hostesss seat. Farthest from the door, a male host seated. The seat on the right-hand side of the hostess is the first guest, generally a sir. The right seat is the second guests seat, generally the lady guest. In western countries priority is given to ladies to choose seats. Then the rest people sit at their option.2.3.3 Different Methods of refusal. If you do not want to eat in dinner you have to inform your host in time. Next we will see some common methods of refusal. Guests can put chopsticks or spoons