深圳市高考英语 阅读理解试题附答案 2.docx

深圳市高考英语 阅读理解试题附答案 2.docx

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深圳市高考英语阅读理解试题附答案2

深圳市高考英语阅读理解试题（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Doyouknowthatjunkfoodisn'thealthy?

Ofcourseyoudo!

Doyoueatitanyway?

Ofcourseyoudo!

Butanewstudyshowsteachingadolescentsaboutthewaysfoodcompaniesfoolthemintothinkingjunkfoodiscoolcanencouragekidstofightback—byeatinghealthier.

   Thepullofjunkfoodcanbesuper-strong.It'sdesignedtotasty;whichmakeseatingwelloneofthegreathealthchallengesofourtime.Everyonefromdoctorstothegovernmenthasbeentryingtohandleit.Yetwekeepeatingjunkfood.

   ProfessorChristopherBryansays,"Foodcompanieswantyoutowantjunkfood."Theyspendmillionsofdollarscomingupwithnewwaysto^promotejunkfoodconsumption.Theyhirescientiststomakenewjunkfoodalmostirresistible.Theymightdothis,forexample,byaddingmoresugar.Ratsfedjunkfoodforsixweekswillevenwalkacrossafloorthatgivesthemelectricshocksjusttogetmoreofsuchfood.

   Foodadsoftenmakeunhealthyjunkfoodseemhealthybyfeaturingprofessionalathletes,fit-lookingpopstarsandsmiling,activeteens."Wethoughtwhenthestudentslearnedthis,itwouldmattertothem,"Bryansays.Heworkedwith8thgradersataTexasschool.HalfofthemgotalessonBryancreated.Itfocusedonthewaysjunkfoodisadvertised,ormarketed.Asecondgroupreceivedlessonsthatfocusedonhealth.Theselessonsinformedstudentsjunkfoodishad,andthatfoodslikeapplesorcarrotsareabetterchoice.Thestudentslearnedabaddietcanleadtomajorweightgain,andthatbeingoverweightputspeopleatriskforseriousdiseases.Theyalsolearnedhoweatingwellnowcankeepyouhealthywhenyou'reolder.

   Afterthelessons,thekidsinbothgroupswereaskedhowtheyfeltaboutjunkfood.Mostdidn'thavepositivefeelingsabouttheseunhealthyfoods.

（1）Whydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinparagraph1?

A. Toexpresshisdoubtsaboutjunkfood.          B. Topromotetheideaofhealthyeating.

C. Todescribethesituationofjunkfood.           D. Tointroducethetopicfordiscussion.

（2）Whatremainsagreathealthchallengetodoctors?

A. Makingpeopledomoreexercise.                  

B. Makingpeopleeathealthily.

C. Makingpeopleloseweight.                            D. Makingpeoplepreferjunkfood.

（3）Whatmessagedoesparagraph3mainlytrytoconvey?

A. Whatmakesjunkfoodalmostimpossibletoresist.

B. Whatinfluencesjunkfoodcanhaveonconsumers.

C. Howfoodcompaniestrytogetpeopletoreachforjunkfood.

D. Whyfoodcompaniespromotetheconsumptionofjunkfood.

（4）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeBryan'slessons?

A. Shocking.                          

B. Popular.                          

C. Effective.                          

D. Abstract.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：

让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。

（1）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知本文介绍了一项研究：

让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。

可以推断出，文章第一段中提及那两个问题Doyouknowthatjunkfoodisn'thealthy?

你知道垃圾食品不健康吗？

Doyoueatitanyway?

你仍然还吃垃圾食品？

是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“It'sdesignedtobetasty,whichmakeseatingwelloneofthegreathealthchallengesofourtime.Everyonefromdoctorstothegovernmenthasbeentryingtohandleit.”可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。

由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的健康挑战。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者想吃垃圾食品”，紧接着说到“它们（食品公司）花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，它们聘请科学家制作新的垃圾食品，使人们几乎无法抗拒”，接着还举例说“它们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。

由此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段主要介绍Bryan给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课，再根据文章最后一段Afterthelessons,thekidsinbothgroupswereaskedhowtheyfeltaboutjunkfood.Mostdidn'thavepositivefeelingsabouttheseunhealthyfoods.可知，课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。

由此可以推断，Bryan的课是有效的。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Anaspirinadaykeepsthedoctoraway

   Dr.TimJohnsondiscussesevidenceofadailydoseofaspirin'sbenefits.That'snotthesaying,butdoctorshaveagreed,foraboutageneration,thatanaspirinadayisgoodforyou.Itmayreducetheriskofheartattacksorstrokesby20percentormore.

   TheUSPreventiveServicesTaskForce,anindependentgroupconvenedbytheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,haspublishedguidelinesthatitsaysshouldendtheconfusion.

   Thekeypoints:

   ⒈Menshouldstartadailyaspirinatage45,mainlytoprotectagainstheartattacks.

   ⒉Womenshouldstartat55,mainlytoprotectagainststroke.

   ⒊Forbothsexes,ababyaspirin-typically81milligramaday-willdothejob.Thereisnoevidencethatalargedosemakesadifference.

   ⒋Andbothsexesshouldstopbyage80,unlesstheirdoctorssayotherwise.Asyougetolder,there'sagreaterriskofbleedinginthebrainorthedigestivesystem,ariskthatissmallbutcanbedeadlyinsomecases.

   Ifpeoplestarttakingaspirinastheguidelines,doctorssaytheirriskofheartattackswilldropbyabout20percent."Peoplemayaskthemselves'AmIatriskforaheartattackorastroke?

'"saidDr.RandalThomas,directorofcardiovas-cularhealthattheMayoClinicinMinnesota"Ifyouareage45andmale,ifyou'reaboveage55andfemale,theanswerismostlikelyyes,andyouwillmostlikelybenefitfromtakingasmalldoseofaspirinaday.

（1）WhatmightDr.TimJohnsonthinkoftakinganaspirinaday?

A. Itisuselessfortheold.                                    

B. Itwillkeepthedoctoraway.

C. Itisbeneficialtohealth.                                  

D. Itwillhaveharmfulsideeffects.

（2）Whatcanwelearnfromtheguidelines?

A. Theaspirinhasthesameeffectonbothmenandwomen.

B. Alargedoseofaspirinwillcausebleedinginthebrain.

C. Peopleshouldstarttakingaspirinatage45.

D. Itwillbeawasteifyoutakemorethan81milligramofaspirinaday.

（3）WhatmightbeDr.RandalThomasattitudetotheguidelines?

A. Critical.                         

B. Supportive.                         

C. Cautious.                         

D. Doubtful.

（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A. Howtokeepthedoctoraway.                        

B. Howtoreducethehealthyrisk.

C. Whatarebenefitsofaspirin.                           

D. Whoshouldtakeaspirinandwhen.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍类"谁应该在什么时候服用阿司匹林"。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Dr.TimJohnsondiscussesevidenceofadailydoseofaspirin'sbenefits.“可知阿司匹林对健康是有好处的。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三小点”ababyaspirin-typically81milligramaday-willdothejob.Thereisnoevidencethatalargedosemakesadifference.“可知阿司匹林服入超过81毫克是没有作用的，也就是过多的服用是浪费，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”youwillmostlikelybenefitfromtakingasmalldoseofaspirinaday.“每天服用小剂量的阿斯匹林最有可能使你受益。

可推知Dr.RandalThomas指导方针持支持态度。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的”Ifyouareage45andmale,ifyou'reaboveage55andfemale,theanswerismostlikelyyes,andyouwillmostlikelybenefitfromtakingasmalldoseofaspirinaday.“可知，短文介绍服用阿司匹林的指导方针。

45岁的男性和55岁以上的女性，是可以服用阿司匹林的，每天服用小剂量的阿司匹林中受益。

"可知文章主要讲的是"谁应该在什么时候服用阿司匹林。

"故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.

   DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.

   Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The"winner,"iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.

   "Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,"saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics."Evenants（蚂蚁）candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It'sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines."

   Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere'sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.

（1）Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause_____.

A. theydidnothaveanyhumanguidance

B. theroadwasnotfamiliartothedrivers

C. thedistancewastoolongforthevehicles

D. theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers

（2）DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto_____.

A. raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehicles

B. pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustry

C. trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesert

D. improvethevehiclesforfuturewars

（3）Fromthepassageweknow"roboticvehicles"areakindofmachinesthat_____.

A. candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcan

B. cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswith