英语复合句英文版.docx

英语复合句英文版.docx

《英语复合句英文版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语复合句英文版.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语复合句英文版

ComplexSentence

Asentencewithoneindependentclauseandonemoredependentclausesiscalledacomplexsentence.

Whenacomplexsentencehasmorethanoneindependentclause,itiscalledacompoundcomplexsentence.

Beforewegointodetailsofcomplexsentences,letushaveabasicunderstandingthefollowing4typesofsentences:

1.Simplesentence

2.Compoundsentence

3.Complexsentence

4.Compoundcomplexsentence

Letusunderstandtheabove4typesofsentenceswiththefollowingexamples:

1.Jackboughtacar.

2.Rickywasabrilliantstudentandhepassedtheexameasily.

3.Johndidnotgotoschoolyesterdaysincehewassick.

4.Jamesranfastbuthecouldnotwintheracebecausehisstartwaslate.

1.Jackboughtacar.

Lookatthefirstsentencewhichhasonlyonesubjectandonepredicate（predɪkət）andmakesacompletesensebyitself.Suchasentenceiscalledasimplesentence.  

2.Rickywasabrilliantstudentandhepassedtheexameasily.

Lookatthesecondsentence.Itcontainstwoparts:

★Rickywasabrilliantstudent.

★Hepassedtheexameasily.

Notethatacoordinatingconjunction,andhasbeenusedtoconnectthetwoparts.Eachpartcontainsasubject&apredicateonitsownandeachpartcanstandonitsown.Thereforeeachpartisasentencewhichisapartofalargesentence.Thistypeofpartiscalledaclause.Wecanalsonotethateachclauseisindependentoftheotherandthereforecanbecalledanindependentclause.Thusasentencesuchasthe2ndwhichismadeupoftwoormoreindependentclausesiscalledacompoundsentence.

Youneedtokeepinmindthatthecoordinatingconjunctionsusedtoconnecttwoindependentclausesareand,but,for,or,nor,yet&so.Alsothepunctuationmarksemicolon（;）canfunctionasacoordinatingconjunctioninsomecases.

3.Johndidnotdidnotgotoschoolyesterdaysincehewassick.

Nowlookatthethirdsentence,ittoohastwoparts:

★Johndidnotgotoschoolyesterday.

★Sincehewassick.

Hereyouwillunderstandthatthefirstclauseisanindependentclause.Howeverthesecondclausecanonlygiveacompletesenseonlywhenyoureaditalongwiththefirstclause.Suchaclauseiscalledadependentclause.

Thereforeasentencesuchasthethirdwhichismadeupofoneindependentclauseandoneormoredependentclausesiscalledacomplexsentence.

4.Jamesranfastbuthecouldnotwintheracebecausehisstartwaslate.

Nowlookatthefourthsentence,ithas3parts（orclauses）:

★Jamesranfast

★Hecouldnotwintherace

★Becausehisstartwaslate

Youshouldnotethatthefirsttwoclausesareindependentclausesandthethirdclauseisadependentclause.

Thusasentencesuchasthe4thcontainingtwoormoreindependentclauseswithoneormoredependentclausesiscalledacompoundcomplexsentence.

Wehavenowdiscussedthedifferenttypesofsentencescontainingmorethanoneclausewhichweidentifiedasindependentordependentclause.Inthenextpagewewilldiscussmoreaboutdependentclauseswhichcanbegroupedinto3sub-categoriesasnounclauses,adjectiveclausesandadverbclauses.

ClausesofComplexSentence

Inthepreviouslessonweidentifiedtwomaintypesofclausesinacomplexsentence.Thatis,independent（ormain）clausesanddependent（orsubordinate）clauses.Herewearegoingtoanalyzethedependentclauses.

Dependentclausescanbedividedinto03categoriesas;

★Nounclauses

★Adjectiveclauses

★Adverbclauses

Letusdiscusseachoftheclauses,whichisimportantinordertothoroughlyunderstandthecomplexsentencestructures.

1.Nounclauses

Anounclauseisagroupofwordswhichcontainsasubject&apredicateofitsownanddoestheworkofanoun.

Let'sseethefollowingexampleswithspecialattentiontothepartsinitalics:

1.Iexpecttowintherace.

2.IexpectthatIshallwintherace.

3.Thatyouhadmethimbeforemakesmesurprised.

Thefirstgroupofwords,towintherace,doesnotcontainasubjectandapredicateofitsown.Itisthereforeaphrase.Thisphraseistheobjectoftheverb,winandthusitdoestheworkofanoun.Thusitiscalledanounphrase.

Thesecondgroupofwords,thatIshallwintherace,hasasubjectandapredicateofitsown.Itisthereforeaclause.Thisclauseistheobjectoftheverb,expect,anddoestheworkofanoun.Thereforeitiscalledanounclause.

Thethirdgroupofwords,thatyouhadmethimbefore,isthesubjectoftheverbmakes.Thereforeitisalsoanounclause.

2.Adjectiveclauses

Anadjectiveclauseisagroupofwordswhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateofitsownanddoestheworkofanadjective.

Let'sseethefollowingexampleswithspecialattentiontothepartsinitalics:

1.Thebagwitharedapplelogoismine

2. Thebagwhichhasaredapplelogoismine.

Thefirstgroupofwords,witharedapplelogo,describesthebagandthusdoestheworkofanadjective.Butithasnosubjectandaverbofitsown.Itisthereforeanadjectivephrase.

Thesecondgroupofwords,whichhasaredapplelogo,alsodescribesthebadandithasasubjectandapredicateofitsown.Itisthereforecalledanadjectiveclause.

3.Adverbclauses

Anadjectiveclauseisagroupofwordswhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateofitsownanddoestheworkofanadverb.

Let'sseethefollowingexampleswithspecialattentiontothepartsinitalics:

1.Johnstoppedworkingintheevening（When?

）

2.Johnstoppedworkingwhentheeveningcame（When?

）

Youwillnoticethatthebothgroupsofwordsdotheworkofanadverbastheymodifytheverb,stopped.Thefirstgroupofwords,intheevening,isanadverbphrasesinceithasnosubjectandpredicateofitsown.

Howeverthesecondgroupofwords,whentheeveningcame,hasasubjectandapredicateonitsownanditisthereforecalledanadverbclause.

NounClausesinComplexSentence

Wehaveseenthatanounclauseisatypeofdependentclauseswhichdoestheworkofanouninacomplexsentence.

Sinceanounclausedoestheworkofanouninacomplexsentence,itcanbe:

1.Thesubjectofaverb.

2.Theobjectofatransitiveverb.

3.Theobjectofapreposition.

4.Inappositiontoanounorpronoun.

5.Thecomplementofaverbofincompleteprediction.

Ineachofthefollowingcomplexsentences,thenounclauseisthesubjectoftheverb:

★Howhecouldassistmewashisconcern.

★Whetherwecanstartnextweekseemsuncertain.

★Thatyoudidsosurprisesme.

★WhatIsaidwastrue.

★Whenhewillreturnisuncertain.

★WhyAnnehungherselfismystery.

Ineachofthefollowingcomplexsentences,thenounclauseistheobjectofatransitiveverb:

★Pleasetellmewhyyoudidthis.

★Idonotknowwhenshewillreturn.

★Icannottellwhathasbecomeofhim.

★Iaskedthemanhowoldhewas.

★Hesaysthathewon’tleave.

★Ihopedthatitwasnottrue.

★Shedeniedthatshemethimyesterday.

★Tellmewhereyouliketolive.

★Nobodyknowswhoheis.

★Askifheisatoffice.

Ineachofthefollowingcomplexsentences,thenounclauseistheobjectofapreposition:

★Therewerenocomplaintsexceptthatthestartwasbittoolate.

★PayattentiontowhatIamnowgoingtosay.

★Thereisnomeaninginwhatyousaid.

Ineachofthefollowingcomplexsentences,thenounclauseisinappositiontoaNounorPronoun:

★Youshallneverforgetthis,thathonestyisthebestpolicy.

★Itwasunfortunatethatyouweresickthatday.

★Herconfessionthatyoufoundthemoneyinthestreetwillnotbebelieved.

★Hisbeliefthatsomedayhewouldsucceedmadehimdetermined.

★Itisfearedthattheywillnotreturn.

IneachofthefollowingComplexsentences,thenounclauseisusedasthecomplement（ˈkɔmplimənt）ofaverbofincompletepredication:

★Herconstantbeliefwasthattheinfantmightlive.

★MywishisthatImaypleaseyou.

★Hisgreatfearisthathemaynotsucceed.

★Mybeliefisthatshewillnotcome.

★Lifeiswhatwemakeit.

★ThisiswhereIlive.

Aclausecomingafteraconstructionconsistingofanintransitiveverb（particularlytheverbtobe）andanadjectivedoestheworkofnounandis,therefore,treatedasanounclause.

Ineachthefollowingcomplexsentences,thenounclausecomesafteranintransitiveverbconstruction:

★Thesickmanwassurethathewouldrecoversomeday.

★Theboywasafraidthathewouldfalldown.

★Allofusaresokeenthatyoushouldsucceed.

★Theyfeltverysorrythattheylostthematchattheend.

FromtheaboveexamplesitwillbeseenthatanounclauseisgenerallyintroducedbythesubordinatingConjunctionthat.Sometimes,however,theconjunctionthatisomitted;as,

Iknow（that）youdidit.

Sometimes,insteadofanounclauseintroducedbythat,theaccusativewiththeinfinitiveisused.

★Hethoughtthathewassafethere.

  Hethoughthimselftobesafethere.

★Ibelievedthathewasatruefriend.

  Ibelievedhimtobeatruefriend.

★Thisprovedthatthemanhadstolenthehorse.

  Thisprovedthemantohavestolenthehorse.

★WeknowthatRamaisalive.

  WeknowRamatobealive.

AdjectiveClausesinComplexSentence

Aswehaveseen,anadjectiveclauseinacomplexsentenceisatypeofdependentclauseswhichdoestheworkofanadjectiveandsoqualifiessomenounorpronounintheindependentclause.

Anadjectiveclauseisintroducedbyarelativepronounorbyarelativeadverb;as,

★Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.

★Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.

★Thetimewhentheboatleavesisnotyetfixed.

★Thehousewheretheaccidentoccurredisnearby.

★ThereasonwhyIdiditisobvious.

Sometimes,however,arelativepronounintroducesacoordinateclause;as,

ImetAnne,who（=andhe）gavemeth