语法辅导.docx
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语法辅导
2012研究生课程班语法复习
I.主谓一致
1）. ProfessorPole,togetherwithtenofhisstudentsandallhisassistants,（is,are）workingatthelab.
2）.Thedirector,accompaniedbythemanagers,（is,are）inspectingthenewly-builtfactory.
3）.Myfatheraswellasmymotherandmysister（is,are）enjoyingthevacationabroad.
2.物质名词
4）.Alotofmilk（was,were）pouredintothesea.
5）.Toomuchsalt（does,do）younogood.
3.量词
6）.Everyboyandgirl（know,knows）theruleofgame.
7）.Muchtime（has,have）beenwastedintalkingwithoutdoing.
8）.Thewholehouse（has,have）toberenovated.
9）.Agreatdealofgold（has,have）beenminedillegallyandsmuggledoutofthecountry.
10）.Themajorityofthecommitteemembers（is,are）fortheproposal.
11）.Theminorityofthestudents（is,are）againstthisregulation.
4.连接词连接两个成分
12）.NeithershenorI（am,is）planningtogoabroad.
13）.Notonlythecoachbutalsotheplayers（is,are）greatlydisappointed.
14）.Thepilotaswellassomeofthepassengers（has,have）miraculouslysurvivedthecras
5.There句型
15）.There（has,have）littleraintoday.
16）.There（exist,exists）muchtobelearnedaboutthevariousgrainsandtheirvaluetohumansandanimals
6.从句作主语
17）.Thatreadingdetectivestoriesismorefunthanreadinganessayonphilosophy（is,are）obvious.
=It（is,are）obviousthatreadingdetectivestoriesismorefunthanreadinganessayonphilosophy
18）.Whoisresponsiblefortheseaccidents（is,are）notyetclear.
19）.Whathehasdoneandwhyhehasdoneit（is,are）questionsonlyhehimselfcananswer.
7.强调句
20）.Itismybrotherthat（has,have）devisedthescheme.
21）.Itisherfriendsthat（has,have）beentomanycountries.
8.其他
22）.Morethanonesuggestion（have,has）beenmade.
23）.Morethanone（have,has）beendiscussed.
24.Electronics（is, are）Greektome.
25.TheNewYorkTimes（is,are）availabletobigcities.
26.ThePhilippines（is, are）oneofthesouth-easterncountries.
II.动词
我想去看打球。
（如何翻译?
）
1.用法
（1）只能用不定式作宾语的动词有：
●1）.promise
●2）.plan
●3）.refuse
●4）.fail
●5）.hesitate
●6）.expect
（2）只能用动名词作宾语的动词有：
●7）.suggest
●8）.enjoy
●9）.quit
●10）.void
●11）.finish
●12）.risk
●13）.deny
●14）.consider
●15）.Wouldyoumind
●16）.can’thelp
●17）.Idon’tfancy
（3）两者均可，意思差别不大
18）.begin,start（todo,doing）sth.
19）.like,prefer,love
20）.hate
（4）两者均可，意思差别很大
1）.
●21）.stopreading;stoptoread
●22）.leaveoffreading;leaveofftoread
2）.
●23）.trytotastethemango
●24）.trytakingtheChineseherbalmedicine
3）.
●25）.meantogobowling
●26）.Itmeansdoingtherightthing.
4）.
●27）.remember+tocallherafterthemeeting
●28）.remember+callingher
●注：
remember;forget; regret
5.词组中“to” 是介词时
•29）.lookforwardto
•31）.objectto
•32）.submittedto
•33）.amountsto
•34）.resortedto）
6.视觉的动词
•看日出/看日落
•（lookat;see;watch）+thesunrise/sunset
•35）.lookat/see/watchsb.（todo; do;doing）sth.
•36）.somebodyisseen（todo;do; doing）sth.
7.听觉的动词
•37）.listento/hearsb.（todo;do;doing）sth.
•38）.somebodyisheard（todo;do;doing）sth.
8.使役动词
•39）.make/let/havesb.dosth.
•40）.somebodyismade（todo;do）sth.
II.动词（时态）
•1）.Betweenonethingandanother,mysister（does,did）notfinishtyingherpaperlastnight.
•2）.Themeeting（willtake,took）placeafortnightagotomorrow.
（会议在两星期之前的明天举行。
）
•3）.（Did,Do）youmeanwhatyousayyesterdayevening?
4）.Wehaven’tmeteachothersinceshe（leave,left）Guangzhou
•5）.I’llgowithyouonaholidayifclassesfornextweek（are,willbe）cancelled.
6）.Myboyfriend.
A.hasforeveradmiredme.
B.foreveradmiredme.
C.wasforeveradmiringme.
D.isforeveradmiringme.
7）.Bysixo’clocktonighthe（willleave,willhaveleft）forBeijing.
8）.Bythetimeyoucomebackwe（willhavegraduated,willgraduate）.
9）.MytrainarrivesinNewYorkateighto’clocktonight.TheplaneIwouldliketotakefromtherebythen.
•A.wouldleaveB.hasleft
•C.willhaveleftD.hadleft
10）.Theyfulfilledtheprojectearlierthanthey.
•A.haveexpectedB.hadexpected
•C.wereexpectingD.expected
11）.Thissoupsour.
•A.istastedB.aretasted
•C.tasteD.tastes
•smellbad/good;touchsmooth
•feelstrange;lookcrazy
III.虚拟语气
• 从句 ＋ 主句
• If…+would…
•1）.Ifthesouphadmoresaltinit,itwouldtastebetter.
•IfIhadmethiminthestreet,Iwouldnothaverecognizedhim.
•3）.IfIweretoliveupto200yearsold,Iwouldchangemypresentwayoflife.
•注：
should;wereto;动词过去时（与将来时间相反）
•4）.Ifhecamenextweek,hewouldstillbeabletomeetus.
2.省if的句型
A.5）.IfIwereinyourposition,Iwouldnotquitnow.=
•WereIinyourposition,Iwouldnotquitnow.
6）.Ifyouhadnotgivenmeyourhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedmythesis.=
•Hadyounotgivenmeyourhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedmythesis.
B.without
7）.Withoutairandwater,there（willbe,would）nolifeonearth.
8）.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedmythesis.
=IfIhadnotgivenmeyourhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedmythesis.
C.butfor
9）.ButforyourhelpI（hadnotfound,wouldnothavefound）theplace.
D.Otherwise
10）.Idon’tknowhisaddress;.
•A.otherwiseIwillwritetohim
•B.otherwiseIwouldwritetohim
•C.otherwiseIhadwrittentohim
•D.otherwiseIwouldhavewrittentohim
3.混合型
•11）.IfyouthatDVDmovielastnight,youwouldn'tbesleepy.
•A.haven’twatched
•B.hadn’twatched
•C.didn'twatch
•D.wouldn'thavewatched
•12）.Iwouldhaverungyoubutthetelephone（was,hadbeen）outoforder.
注：
主句（虚拟）＋ but（otherwise;or）句（陈述句）
13）.Themeeting（was,wouldhavebeen）overontimebutSmithhelduswithhislongfinancialreport.
14）.IwouldgotovisitthembutI（didn’t,don’t）thinktheyareanxioustoseeme.
3.Wish+从句
•hope与 wish的区别
•Wish翻译成：
“但愿…”，“…就好了”
15）.IwishIknewhisname.
16）.Hewisheshehadjotteddowntheaddress.
17）.Weallwishyouwouldjoinustomorrow.
18）.Howshewishesherfamilycouldgowithher.
4.有些动词的宾语从句虚拟语气省“should”
（1）.建议,提议，请求，命令
1）.suggest，propose;
2）.ask,require,request,demand;insist;
3）.order;
4）.recommend;
5）.urge;
6）.decide;
7）.maintain;
8）.move（动议）
9）.Wesuggestedyesterdaythathe（went,go）atonce.
10）.Theheadnurseinsiststhatthepatient（benot,notbe）moved.
11）.Theyinsistedthathe（was,be）wrong.
12）.Thesurveysuggestedthattheirfindings（be,were）reasonable.
（2）.It’ssuggestedthat…句型
13）.It’sproposedthatanurgentsurvey（was,be）maderightaway.
14）.Itisrequiredthatallapplicants（be,were）interviewed
（3）.It’s形容词that…句型
15）.Itisurgentthatreinforcement（be,is）senttothefrontatonce.
16）Itispreferablethatyou（brings,bring）moreclotheswithyou.
注：
A.important,necessary
•B.vital,essential
•C.natural
•D.strange
（4）固定搭配
wouldrather;hadrather
17）.We’drather（die,died）than（give,upgaveup）ourbelief.
18）.You’drather（stay,stayed）hereforthenight,（hadn’tyou,wouldn’tyou）?
19）.I’dratheryou（come,came）tomorrow
20）.They’dratherwe（are,were）notpresentatthemeeting..
21）.Wehadbetter（send,tosend）foranambulance.
注：
cf:
It’sbettertodosth.
22）.It’stimewe（shouldleave,leave,left）
注：
It’shightimethat…
•It’sabouttimethat…
IV.比较级
1.同级比较
（1）.thesame（+n.）as…
（2）.beasadj.as…
（3）.V.asadv.as…
•1）.Myshirtis（as,thesame）sizeasyours.
•2）.Ourhouseis（thesame,as）largeasyours.
•3）.Icandothejob（so,as）quicklyasyou.
•4）.Seldomdoweseehimdressed（as,so）decentlyastoday.
注：
cf:
notso…as;notas…as…
2.比较级
（1）.单音节 ＋ －er（longer,later）
（2）.多音节more+beautiful
5）.Insummerthedaysaremorelongerthaninwinter.（错句）
3.最高级
A.
6）.Butforsometypingerrors,theessaywouldbe（moreperfect,perfect）.
7）.Byputtingforthatotallynewtheory,hemade（themostunique,theunique）contributionstotheexplorationoftheoriginofthesolarsystem.
注：
perfect,unique,empty,complete
B.
8）.Thevideocameraissuperiorineveryrespect（than,to）that.
9）.Womenarenotinferior（than,to）men.
10）.Hiswifeissenior（than,to）himbyfiveyears.
11）.Thiscivilizationisbyfarjunior（than,to）thatoftheNileValley.（这个文明比尼罗河流域文明要年轻得多）
注:
superiorto,inferiorto,
•seniorto,juniorto
C.
否定词＋比较级＝最高级
12）.Noonecouldbemoreloyaltoduty（than,to）hewas.（在忠于职守方面，没有一个人能及得上他。
）
13）.Nothingismoreprecious（than,to）timeyetnothinglessvalued.
4.同类比较
14）.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan（thatof,/）anyothercountry.
15）.Thefurisassoftas（thatof,/）acat.
5.倍数
•倍数+（largerthan/smallerthan）+n.
•倍数+（asmuchas/asmanyas）+n
•倍数+（morethan）+n
16）.Theradionowcoststwice（morethan,asmuchas）itdidlastyear.
17）.Americanatenearlytentimesas（many,much）meatastheBritish.
18）.Ourroomisthreetimes（largerthan,largerto）theirs.
V.倒装句
1.否定词位于句首
1）.MyfriendhasneverbeentoBeijing.
NeverhasmyfriendbeentoBeijing.
2）.Hardlyhadwestarted（when,than）itbegantorain.
3）.NosoonerhadIlaindown（when,than）thetelephonerang.
注：
刚/一… 就…
4）Hardly…when…
5）Nosooner…than…
6）On…ing
7）Themoment/theminute/thesecond/theday从句…
8）-ly:
directly,immediately,instantly
9）.Themoment/（Directly）hereturnedhome,itbegantosnow.
注：
其他否定词（组）有：
•Undernocircumstances
•Bynomeans
•Seldom
2.Only位于句首Only+状语（或副词）…
10）.
升级会员 