美国诗歌新.docx
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美国诗歌新
1样卷
I.FillintheblanksincolumnAwiththeproperlettersincolumnB.(20%)
1(a)MossesfromandOldMansea:
.Hawthorne
II.Explainthefollowingbriefly.(15%)
Framestory
Aframestoryisonewhichcontainseitheranothertale,astorywithinastory,oraseriesofstories.Well-knowninstancesaretheArabianNights,Boaccacio’sDecameron,Chaucer’sCanterburyTales,andMargueriteofNavarre’sHeptameron.MuchlaterGoetheusedthisBoccacciotechnique.MarkTwainusedthismethodinhisTheCelebratedJumpingFrogoftheCalavaresCounty.
III.Answerthefollowingfivequestions.(25%)
MakeacomparisonbetweenWaltWhitmanandEmilyDickinson.
Theysharealotincommon.Thematically,theybothextolled,intheirdifferentways,anemergentAmerica,itsexpansion,itsindividualismanditsAmericanness,theirpoetrybeingpartof“AmericanRenaissance.”Technically,theybothaddedtotheliteraryindependenceofthenewnationbybreakingfreeoftheconventionoftheiambicpentameterandexhibitingafreedominformunknownbefore:
theywerepioneersinAmericanpoetry.
Therearealotofdifferencesbetweenthem.Whitmanseemstokeephiseyeonsocietyatlarge;Dickinsonexplorestheinnerlifeoftheindividual.WhereasWhitmanis“national”inhisoutlook,Dickinsonis“regional.”Dickinsonhasthe“cataloguetechnique”(direct,simplestyle)whichWhitmandoesn’thave.
IV.Readthefollowingquotecarefullyandanswerthequestionsafterit.(15%)
Letmenottothemarriageoftrueminds
Admitimpediments.Loveisnotlove
Whichalterswhenitalterationfinds,
Orbendswiththeremovertoremove.
1.identifythepoetandthetitleofthepoem.
2.Commentonthefourlines.
V.Readthefollowingpoemandwriteacommentaryessayontheformandcontentofit.Youessayshouldhaveatitle,andbenolessthan200words.(25%)
A.E.Housman(1859-1936)
TOANATHLETEDYINGYOUNG
THEtimeyouwonyourtowntherace
Wechairedyouthroughthemarket-place;
Manandboystoodcheeringby,
Andhomewebroughtyoushoulder-high.
To-day,theroadallrunnerscome,
Shoulder-highwebringyouhome,
Andsetyouatyourthresholddown,
Townsmanofastillertown.
Smartlad,toslipbetimesaway
Fromfieldswhereglorydoesnotstay
Andearlythoughthelaurelgrows
Itwithersquickerthantherose.
Eyestheshadynighthasshut
Cannotseetherecordcut,
Andsilencesoundsnoworsethancheers
Afterearthhasstoppedtheears:
Nowyouwillnotswelltherout
Ofladsthatworetheirhonoursout,
Runnerswhomrenownoutran
Andthenamediedbeforetheman.
Soset,beforeitsechoesfade,
Thefleetfootonthesillofshade,
Andholdtothelowlintelup
Thestill-defendedchallenge-cup.
Androundthatearly-laurelledhead
Willflocktogazethestrengthlessdead,
Andfindunwitheredonitscurls
Thegarlandbrieferthanagirl's.
ThepoemToanAthleteDyingYoungwaswrittenbyasomewhatfamouspoetnamedAlfredEdward(A.E.)Housman.AccordingtoTwentiethCenturyAuthors,hewasbornin1859anddiedin1936,andwastheoldestofsevenchildren.Hisyoungerbrotherwasalsoawellknownpoet,bythenameofLaurenceHousman.SomethinghappenedtoHousman(A.E.)whenhewenttocollege,nooneisquitesureofwhatitwas,buttherewasanoticeabledifferenceinhispersonalityfromwhenhelefttowhenhecameback.Whenheleftforcollege,hewasalwayscheerful,outgoing,quickandwitty.Whenhereturned,hewasmuchdifferent,hewasmuchdarker.Suddenlyhewasmorereservedandquiet,andhepreferredtobealone,ratherthanspendtimewithfriends.Accordingtoshropshire.gov,Thesechangesremainedpermanentfortheremainderofhislifeashebecameincrediblysecludedfromhisfamily,losttheabilitytohavefriendships,andnevermarried.Heappearedtobeanunpleasantmanashewasaharshcriticofotherpoets'works;infact,hewasconsideredtobebothruthlessandmercilessinhiscriticism.Onecantellthatthewayinwhichhispoemswerewrittenwereadirectreflectionofwhatkindofapersonhewas.Mostofhispoemswereeitherdarkorsad,withsomeirony,aswellasagreatdealofintimatefeelings.It'sbelievedthatbecausehehadnofriends,spouse,orfamilytotalktothattheonlywayforhimtoexpresshisfeelingsatallwastowriteaboutthemthroughhispoems.Thispoem,"ToanAthleteDyingYoung"fallsundermostofthesecategoriesasithasagooddealofsadnessandironytoit.Undoubtedly,thechangeinHousman'scharacterandpersonalitywaswhatcausedhispoemstobesoexquisite,whichiswhyheandtheyarestillfamousandknowntothisday.Inmyopinion,thisisanabsolutelyperfectpoemtouseasanexampleofHousman'spersonalityshowingupinhiswork.Inthepoem,Housmanbeginsbytalkingaboutarunnerwhowonarace,inwhichhewasrepresentinghistown.Hethengoesontoelaborateaboutthecelebrationthatensued.TheimagethatHousmangivesthereaderisthetownspeopleallcelebratingoverthisgreatvictory,andcarryingthisyoungrunnerontheirshouldersincelebration.Therehavebeencountlesstimesinthecourseofthehistoryofathleticswheresportsheroeswhohavejustwonagameorcompetitionarecarriedontheshouldersoftwootherpeople.Thisisquiteimportant,astheauthorwillmakeasimilarreferencelaterinthepoem.Theauthormakesclearthatthiswasapastevent,asheisjustrememberingit.Thereadergetstheimpressionthatthereisagreatdealofpeoplestandingandcheeringforthisathlete,perhapseventhemajorityofthissmalltown.Itwouldbeagreatmoment,tohavethewinnerandthespectatorsallcheeringwildlyinthetown'scenter.
Thenarratorbeginsthesecondstanzabychangingthetensetothepresent.Thisconcludesthefondmemoryoftheracethatwaswonbytheyoungathlete.Thenarratoragainsaysmakesreferencetothefactthattherunnerisbeingcarried"shoulder-high".Thistimehowever,thereisnocelebration;instead,thereisafuneral.Thedeceasedisthesamerunnerthatonetherace,andasthenarratorputsit,heisbeingbroughthome.Thetownandthetownspeoplearenolongercelebrating;they'renotdoinganythingevenclose.Instead,they'reinmourningofthepassingofthisgreatstar.Insomefunerals,thecasketiscarriedonpeople'sshoulders.ThisistheironythatHousmanusesanditisquiteinterestingconsideringthedramaticmoodchangesthateveryoneexperiencesbetweenthetwotimeswhentherunnerwascarriedonshoulders.Housmanusesironyinmanyofhispoems;itisbelievedthatthisisbecausehehadsuchadarkandsecludedlife.Normally,whenheusesirony,itistoexpresssomethingthatisrathersadordisturbing,thisisboth.
Inthenextstanza,thenarratorreferstotherunneras"smart",whichisinterestingconsideringheisdead.Butwhentheobservationisreflectedupon,itbecomesquitecleartothereaderwhatHousmanisintendingtosay.Thereareplentyoftimesinathleticswhereanathletewillachieveagreatdealofgloryandfame,butthenthatgloryandfamediesofflongbeforetheathletedoes.Thedifferencehereisthatbecausethisyoungathletediedyoung,heneverhastogiveupthatglory.Thenarratorusesthemetaphorofarosewitheringtoexpresshismessagethatglorydoesn'tlast,usually.Thisisaterrificexampleofhowsomethingcanbesogreatandbeautiful,andthenprettysoon,itsdeadandgone,forgotten.
Thefourthstanzaisnoteasytounderstandandinterpretasthenarratormakesacomplexpoint.Hestartsoffbyfurtherelaboratingtothereaderthefactthattherunnerisdeadandthathehasclosedhiseyesforthefinaltime.Then,hetellsthereaderthattherunnerwillneverhavetolivetoseethedaywherehisrecordisbeatenorbrokenintherace.Therewillnevercomeadaywhenhewillfeelasthoughhe'sbeenbeatenandhisaccomplishmentshaverelinquished.Hewasluckytoacertainextentinthesensethathegetstodieachampion,hegetstogooutahero.Housmanthenmakesanotherreferencetothechangeofmoodsbetweenthedayoftheraceandthedayofthefeeling.Heexclaimsthatcheeringturnsintoutterandcompletesilenceaspeoplepaytheirrespectstothehonoreddead.Asthenextstanzaelaboratesevenfurther,everyathletegetstoapointwherehisglorydaysarelongbehindhimandhenolongerfeelslikeroyalty.Thenarratorexplainshowtherunnerwillneverhavetobelikesomanyotherathletesthatseeminglyfadedaway,thatworeouttheirhonorintheeyesofthepublicandthosewhocheeredthemtovictory.Thenextpointthattheauthormakesisquiteinterestingandsomethingthatonemightnotthinkaboutordinarilyeventhoughithappensallthetime.Andthatisthatanathlete'sfame,glory,andnamerecognitionwillbeatitspeakjustaftertheathletehasachievedhisorherathleticsuccess.Buttherewillcomeatimewhenallofthatisgone,whenmostpeopledon'tknowwhothatathleteis.AterrificexampleincurrentdaycultureisMarkSpitz.Hewasaswimmerthatwonsevengoldmedalsinthe1972Olympics.Ifaskedtoday,morepeoplethannotprobablywouldn'tknowwhoMarkSpitzisorwhatheaccomplished,eventhoughheisstillalive.Thisisaclassiccaseofanathlete'snamedyingbeforeheorshedoes.Therunnerinthepoemneverhadthishappentohimashediedwhenhewasstillatthepeakofhisgloryandfame.Hewasmostlikelystillbeingpraiseduptothedayhedied,andfarafterthat.
Inthebeginningofthenextstanza,thenarratoronceagaintellstherunnerthatit'satleastsomewhatgoodtodieandendhislifebeforethememoryofhisvictoryisforgotten.Heusesthemetaphorofstanding