凝视理论对比分析斯嘉丽和白流苏的婚姻观英文.docx

凝视理论对比分析斯嘉丽和白流苏的婚姻观英文.docx

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凝视理论对比分析斯嘉丽和白流苏的婚姻观英文

摘要

《乱世佳人》和《倾城之恋》分别由玛格丽特·米切尔和张爱玲完成的关于对女性角色的探讨的作品，斯嘉丽和白流苏具有相似的经历，这些经历受战争影响，家庭因素影响，社会观念影响以及她们自身性格所影响。

众多学者将注意力放在了两部作品的女性意识上面，而且将两部作品的女主角放在一起对比分析的文章也是少之又少。

所以笔者采取了一个新的视角来对比分析斯嘉丽和白流苏婚姻观，引入拉康的凝视理论中的镜像理论，探讨女主角婚姻观的相似之处和不同之处。

关键词：

斯嘉丽；镜像理论；凝视理论；婚姻观

Abstract

GonewiththeWindandLoveinaFallenCityarewrittenbyMargaretMitchellandZhangAilingrespectively.Whenitcomestofemalecharactersinthesetwoworks,ScarletandBaiLiusuhavesimilarexperiences,whichareaffectedbywar,byfamily,bysocialconceptsandbytheirownpersonalities.Manyscholarshavepaidalotofattentiontoheroines’femaleconsciousnessofthetwoworks.Therearefewarticleswhicharecomparativelyanalyzingtheheroinesofthetwoworks.AnewperspectiveisadoptedtoanalyzeScarletandBaiLiusui’sviewsofmarriageandLacan’smirrortheoryinthegazetheoryisalsointroducedtoexplorethesimilaritiesanddifferencesoftheheroine'sviewsofmarriage.

Keywords：

Scarlet;TheMirrorTheory;TheGazeTheory;ViewofMarriage

Introduction

Intheworld,AmericancivilwarhasalwaysbeenahottopicandMargaret’smasterpieceGonewiththeWindishighlypraisedandpopular.InChina,thewarofaggressionagainstChinaisalsounforgettableandZhangAiling’sLoveinaFallenCityisverythought-provokingandwell-known.Somepeoplemaynoticealotofsimilaritiesbetweenthesetwoworkssuchassamewartime,familyfactorsandpersonalitiesaboutheroinesbutmanyofthempaylittleattentiontotheanalysisofheroines’viewofmarriageinGonewiththeWindandLoveinaFallenCity.Here,myattentionispaidontheanalysisofloveandmarriageinthegazetheory.Duetotheirsimilarrebellion,theirchoicesaboutmarriagehavesomethingincommon.Mirrortheorywhichiscontainedinthegazetheorycanbeofgooduseintheinterpretationandcomparisonofheroines’valueofmarriage.

1.LiteratureReview

ThemainfocusofthispassageistheanalysisofBaiLiusuandScarlet’sviewofmarriagewiththeuseofthemirrortheoryinthegazetheory.Soliteraturereviewisdividedintofourparts,theimageofwomen,theimageoffamily,themirrortheoryandthegazetheoryandviewofmarriage.Thereasonwhychoosetheimageofwomenandfamilyisthattheconstructionofcharactersarelinkedwiththeinfluenceoffamily.Then,mirrortheoryandgazetheoryisintroduced.Thelastpartistodiscussabouttheviewofmarriage.Besides,GonewiththeWindandLoveinaFallenCity,PrideandPrejudiceisalsochosen.

1.1TheImageofWomen

ChenJie（2017）makesacomparativeanalysisoftwoheroines.Inordertotakecareoftheirownlifeandfamily,asdecliningaristocratsinthewartime,theyneedtoexchangetheirmarriagewithmoney.Basedonthatspecifictime,HuangJingyi（2018）pointsthatclock,huqinarejusttherepresentativesofBaimansion.ZengYong（2017）putsforwardthatBaiLiusucurvestoherfatetogetmarriedformoneyandshecannotgetridofherservilityinmen-dominantperiod.ZhengShufang（2018）paysattentiontofemaleawarenessaboutScarlet.Shehasbraveryandfirmness.Besides,ZhangShaohua（2014）addsselfishnessaboutScarlet.Thisisonereasonabouthertragedy.Inaddition,themarriagebetweenLiusuandFanLiuyuanisalsofulloftragedybecausebothofthemareselfishanddonoteasilytrustotherpeople.

ZhouYali（2015）andRenXiaojun（2015）makeadescriptionofthelifeofYaoMulan.Fortheinterestofherfamily,shegivesupherhappinessandmarriestosomeoneshedoesnotlove.It’sstillatragicstory.AsaconventionalChinesewoman,sheistaughtwiththeconcept,thatis,thefamily’sinterestmeanseverything.Tosomeextent,ScarletislikeBaiLiusuandYaoMulanbecausetheyarebraveenoughtosacrificethemselvestodefendtheirhomesinthesamecondition.

1.2TheImageoffamily

InMomentinPeking,GonewiththeWind,LoveinaFallenCity,Baimansion,YaomansionandTarahaveanimportantinfluenceonthedevelopmentofheroines.AlthoughBaiandYaofamiliesdonotbelongtorealmanortypically,theyhavesomecharacteristicsofmanor.WangJieli（2014）,ZhouYali（2015）andRenXiaojun（2015）alltogetheranalyzetheimageofYaoandBaifamilies.ItisthecollisionperiodbetweenChinesetraditionalcultureandwesternculture.Intheperiodofwar,theymakedifferentchoicesindifferentenvironments,WangJieli（2014）putsforwardthreeopinionsaboutLoveinaFallenCity.Firstly,it’sthemarriageofBaiLiusu’sinfluenceonBaifamily.AfterdivorceBaiLiusu’sfamilytreatherbadlywithoutanyconcernforher.Then,shemeetsFanLiuyuanandfallsinlovewithhim.Lastly,shetiestheknotwithFanLiuyuan.

Likewise,TaraplaysasignificantroleintheconstructionofScarlet’spersonality.LiangJielin（2018）statesthreemeaningsofTara.Taraisthemeaningofsearchingforeternalland.Inthistime,Taraisthelifetowerwhichisworthfightingforandworkingforandsacrificing.Taraisthemeaningofmissingforhomeland.WhenScarletisoutofhome,sheissovulnerablethatshewantstocomebackhomeatonce.Besides,Taraishersourceofhappinessandsecurity.ShemissesTaraaloteventhoughsheismarriedtoRhettandleadsaluxurylife.ThethirdmeaningofTaraisherspiritualland.ShecandoeverythingforTara.InordertosaveTara,sheplantscotton,milkcows.Shemarrieshersister’slovertosaveTaraandevenseekshelpfromRhett.LuXipei（1995）alsosuggeststhatauthorfeelspitifulforthecultureofsouthplantation.Inthemeanwhile,thereexistsmodernisminGonewiththeWind.Americancivilwarisunavoidableinthetransitionfromtheoldculturetothenewculture.

1.3TheGazeTheory

LiuWen（2006）pointsthatdesireisakindofself-obsessionandhemakesconnectionsbetweenself-awarenessandself-alienation.It’sacknowledgedthatidentityisconstructedonself-awarenessbutit’salsobasedonself-alienation.ZhangHong（2019）indicatesgazingisfromdesire.Desiretoomuchleadstoself-destruction.ShaoWenshuo（2011）alsoelaboratesthelinksbetweentheconstructionofidentityandother.Besides,heputsforwardthatthefoundationofmirrortheoryisfromFreud’sunawarenessandSaussure’slinguistictheory.LiuXingliang（2018）findsthatlacan’sgazetheoryexiststhreedefects,thatis,signifiedandsignifier,transformationbetweentheimaginary,thesymbolic,thereal,subjectandobject.Inthemeantime,WuQiong（2019）indicatesthatthegazeoftheimaginary,thesymbolic,therealisonthebasisofpaternalorder.CaiShengqing（2019）usesthegazetheorytoanalyzetheimageofScarlet,womenmarginalization,theroleanti-malesandreconstructionofwomenfriendshipinthefilmGonewiththeWind.Themalegazeandthefemalegazerepresentthewomen’sliberationofpersonalityfacingwiththehardshipandfrustration.Thecooperationbetweenwomenwillencouragewomentobreakthemalegazeandbecomethemselves.

1.4ViewofMarriage

YuLijing（2010）andZhangShaohua（2016）bothanalyseviewofmarriageofheroinesinPrideandPrejudice.YuLijing（2010）makesaquestionabouttheimportanceofloveandmarriage.Throughherexplanationaboutloveandmoney,loveaddsmoneyisequaltogoodmarriage.Besides,ZhangShaohua（2016）makesananalysisaboutfourkindsofmarriages,thatis,pureandattractivemarriage,materialisticmarriage,goal-orientedmarriage,perfectmarriage.Inthemeantime,ZhangShaohua（2017）pointsoutthecauseofScarlet’slovetragedybecausesheisobsessedaboutimaginaryloveandshedoesnotknowwhatisrealloveandsheiscrazyaboutmoney.YanKe（2016）makesgoodexplanationaboutfivemodesofmarriagesaboutZhangAiling’sworks.Thefirstmarriageisthatmarriageistheonlyroadforwomentochoose.BaiLiusuisarepresentativeexampleandshehasnomoneytopaythecostsofherlifesoshemustneedtofindamantobecomehiswife.Thesecondoneisthemismatchbetweenloveandmarriage.Thethirdoneistheisolationbetweenloveandmarriage.Thefourthoneismoney-orientedmarriage.Thelastoneisdepressingloveandmarriage.

2.TheGazeTheory

Throughthediscussionaboutheroines,theoryandviewofmarriage,thegazetheorywillbepaidattentiontotwoquestions,thatis,self-dreamanddream-self,meandother.

2.1Self-dreamandDream-self

Lacan’sgazetheoryisdividedintothreephases,theimaginary,therealandthesymbolic.Atfirst,peopleneedtorealizethemselvesandfindthetruethemselves.Intheirlife,theyhavealotofdreamsanddesires.Forexample,ScarlethasherownlovedreamsoshealwaysthinksshelovesAshleyandhatesRhett.Itturnsouttobewrong.AfterMelanie’sdeath,shefiguresoutMelanie’simportanceonherandhertrueloveisRhett.Thereasonwhypeoplecannotfindwhattheylikeisbecausethereisatransitionfromself-dreamtodream-selfduringthistime.

Intheperiodofself-dream,peoplewouldratherlookforthingsthatdonotbelongtothemselvesthancherishwhattheyalreadyhave.ScarletdoesnothaveAshley’lovesoshehasdissatisfaction.Thisdissatisfactionfromhimmisleadshernotfinishingdream-self.Inthedream-selfperiod,peoplewillknowwhattheyreallycareaboutandloveaftersomanytroublesanddifficultieshavehappened.Atlast,ScarletknowshertrueloveRhettandfindthedream-self.

2.2MeandOther

InLacan’sgazetheory,ourexistenceisfromotherpeople’sgazing.Onthecontrary,wecanexistbecausewecanbeseenbyotherpeoplefromeverypoint.Besides,thisgazingcontainsakindofdesire.Forexample,inmale-dominantsociety,womenaresousedtoothers’gazingthattheythemselvescan’trealizethisgazing.Inantherperspective,gazing