胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx

胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx

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胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题

第一章：

语言学导论

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman

A.contact

C.relation

B.communication

D.community

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

A.tree

C.crash

B.typewriter

D.bang

3.Thefunctionof

thesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.i”s

A.interrogative

C.informative

B.directive

D.performative

4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

A.Interpersonal

C.Performative

B.Emotive

D.Recreational

5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.Transferability

C.Displacement

B.Duality

D.Arbitrariness

6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctions

oflanguage?

—Aniceday,isn

'tit?

Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.Emotive

C.Performative

B.Phatic

D.Interpersonal

7.referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageusesrknowledge

oftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.Performance

C.Langue

B.Competence

D.Parole

8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.

Itcouldn'tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof.

A.culturaltransmissionB.productivity

C.displacementD.duality

9.answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirst

language.

A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics

10.dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularly

education.

A.LinguistictheoryB.Practicallinguistics

C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.

14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17..DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare'stimeisanexample

ofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III.Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansofcommunication.

22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed.

23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis.

24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthetheory.

25.Linguisticsisthestudyoflanguage.

26.Modernlinguisticsisinthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscover

whatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyofover

writing.

28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisastudy.

29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.referstotheabstract

linguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure'slangueandChomsky's

IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.Designfeature

32.Displacement

33.Competence

34.Synchroniclinguistics

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?

（南开大学，2004）

36.Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?

（北京第二外国语大学，2004）

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?

（青岛海洋大学，1999）

第二章：

语音

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.Pitchvariationisknownaswhenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice

2.Conventionallyaisputinslashes（//）.

A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme

3.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpareofthep

phoneme.

A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones

4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas.

A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula

5.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownasdiphthongs.

A.wideB.closingC.narrowD.centering

6.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled.

A.minimalpairsB.allomorphs

C.phonesD.allophones

7.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

A.AcousticphoneticsB.Articulatoryphonetics

C.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove

8.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]

9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:

]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]

10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.

13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.

14.[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.

15.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

16.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.

17.Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.

18.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.

19.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.

20.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.

III.Fillintheblanks.（20%）

21.Consonantsoundscanbeeitheror,whileallvowel

soundsare.

22.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing

23.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionoftheandthelips.

24.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthetowhichthatpartof

thetongueisraised.

25.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout

26.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating.

27.InEnglishthereareanumberof,whichareproducedbymoving

fromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

28.referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluence

oftheirneighbors.

29.isthesmallestlinguisticunit.

30.Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthecomingfromthelungs.

IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.Soundassimilation

32.Suprasegmentalfeature

33.Complementarydistribution

34.Distinctivefeatures

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35.Whatisacousticphonetics?

（中国人民大学，2003）

36.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation?

（南开04）

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:

voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.（青岛海洋大学，1999）

（1）voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstop

（2）lowfrontvowel

（3）lateralliquid

（4）velarnasal

（5）voicedinterdentalfricative

第三章：

词汇

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas

A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords

C.functionwordsD.formwords

2.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled

morpheme.

A.inflectionalC.bound

B.free

D.derivational

3.Therearemorphemesintheworddenationalization.

A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six

4.InEnglish-seand-ionarecalled.

A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixesD.stems

5.Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:

prefix,suffixand.

A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffix

C.infixD.back-formation

6.isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexisting

wordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.

A.affixationB.back-formation

C.insertionD.addition

7.ThewordTBisformedinthewayof.

A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialismD.blending

8.Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby.

A.blendingB.clippingC.back-f