胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx

1、胡壮麟语言学教程测试题及答案胡壮麟语言学教程（修订版）测试题第一章：语言学导论I. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for humanA. contactC. relationB. communicationD. community2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeC. crashB. typewriterD. bang3. The function ofthe sent

2、ence “ Waterboils at 100 degrees Centigrade. i”sA. interrogativeC. informativeB. directiveD. performative4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say “碎碎(岁岁)平安 ”asa means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their liv

3、es. Which functions does it perform?A. InterpersonalC. PerformativeB. EmotiveD. Recreational5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything

4、 in any situation?A. TransferabilityC. DisplacementB. DualityD. Arbitrariness6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functionsof language? A nice day, isnt it?Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. EmotiveC. PerformativeB. PhaticD. Interpersonal7. refers to the ac

5、tual realization of the ideal language usesr knowledgeof the rules of his language in utterances.A. PerformanceC. LangueB. CompetenceD. Parole8.When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now.It couldn t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bon

6、e. This indicates the design feature of .A. cultural transmission B. productivityC. displacement D. duality9. answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our firstlanguage.A. Psycholinguistics B. Anthropological linguisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics10. deals with language app

7、lication to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguisticsII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11.Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by th

8、e deaf-mute is not language.12.Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.13.Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.14.Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.15.We were all born with the ability to acquire lang

9、uage, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.16.Only human beings are able to communicate.17. De Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.18.A study of the features of the English used in Shak

10、espeare s time is an exampleof the diachronic study of language.19.Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20.All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.III.Fill in the blanks. (10%)21.Language, broadly speaking, is a means of communicat

11、ion.22.In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed .23.Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is .24.Theory that primitive man made

12、 involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the theory.25.Linguistics is the study of language.26.Modern linguistics is in the sense that the linguist tries to discoverwhat language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.27.One general principle of linguis

13、tic analysis is the primacy of overwriting.28.The description of a language as it changes through time is a study.29.Saussure put forward two important concepts. refers to the abstractlinguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.30.Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure s langu

14、e and Chomsky s IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Design feature32.Displacement33.Competence34.Synchronic linguisticsV.Answer the following questions. (20%)35.Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language wil

15、l be if it has no such design feature? (南开大学， 2004 )36. Why is it difficult to define language? (北京第二外国语大学， 2004)VI.Analyze the following situation. (20%)37. How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? (青岛海洋大学， 1999)第二章：语音I.Choose the best answer. (20%)1.Pitch variation is known as when its pat

16、terns are imposed on sentences.A.intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice2.Conventionally a is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme3.An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are of the pphoneme.A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophones4.The open

17、ing between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as .A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula5.The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as diphthongs.A. wide B. closing C. narrow D. centering6.A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called .A.

18、minimal pairs B. allomorphsC. phones D. allophones7.Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above8.Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. n B. m C. b

19、D. p9.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. i: B. u C. e D. i 10.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. ConsonantII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

20、11.Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.12.The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of aspeech sound.13.Two sounds are in free v

21、ariation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely,the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.14.p is a voiced bilabial stop.15.Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.16.All syl

22、lables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.17.When pure vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.18.According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into tense vs. lax orlong vs. short.19.Received Pronunciatio

23、n is the pronunciation accepted by most people.20.The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda rather than the onset.III.Fill in the blanks. (20%)21.Consonant sounds can be either or , while all vowelsounds are .22.Consonant

24、 sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing23.The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the and the lips.24.One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the

25、highest point in the mouth. A second element is the to which that part ofthe tongue is raised.25.Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without26.In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example

26、 for illustrating .27.In English there are a number of , which are produced by movingfrom one vowel position to another through intervening positions.28. refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influenceof their neighbors.29. is the smallest linguistic unit.30.Speech takes place when

27、 the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the coming from the lungs.IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Sound assimilation32.Suprasegmental feature33.Complementary distribution34.Distinctive featuresV.Answer the following questions

28、. (20%)35. What is acoustic pho netics?(中国人民大学，2003)36.What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?(南开 04)VI.Analyze the following situation. (20%)37.Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions; then give an Englis

29、h word that contains this sound. Example: voiced alveolar stop d dog. (青岛海洋大学， 1999 )(1)voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop(2)low front vowel(3)lateral liquid(4)velar nasal(5)voiced interdental fricative第三章：词汇I.Choose the best answer. (20%)1.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as A.lexical

30、 words B. grammatical wordsC. function words D. form words2.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called morpheme.A. inflectional C. boundB.freeD. derivational3.There are morphemes in the word denationalization.A. three B. four C. five D. six4.In English -se and -ion are called

31、 .A. prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. stems5.The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and .A. derivational affix B. inflectional affixC.infix D. back-formation6. is a way in which new words may be formed from already existingwords by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.A. affixation B. back-formationC. insertion D. addition7.The word TB is formed in the way of .A. acronymy B. clipping C. initialism D. blending8.The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by .A. blending B. clipping C. back-f