长江水位测量方式.docx

长江水位测量方式.docx

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长江水位测量方式

长江水位测量方式

长江水位在线测量方案

现在比较常用的测量方式有两种:

1.非接触式测量方式;2.投入式测量方式;3.GPS差分测量。

1.非接触式测量方式:

超声波水位传感器

※原理:

超声波水位传感器通过声波从传感器表面到水面的时间来测量水位。

通过超声波在空中的传播时

间t来计算超声传感器与被测物之间的距离s。

※由于声波在空中传播的速度c是一定的，则根据:

※s=ct/2可计算出s

※测量范围:

可以定制。

※输出:

一般选择输出信号为4~20mA。

系统基于超声测距和无线数传技术开发，基于GPRS/CDMA网络进行水位数据的实时传输，系统提

供多种应用方式实现对水位数据的实时查询和分析，通过网络可以及时了解航道水位信息，同时开发

了水位信息的自动预警功能，根据航道水位预警值向调度人员发送预警信息，为航运调度提供及时的

决策支持。

系统为航运调度管理提供了强大的信息支持。

现场不具备电力布线情况，采用太阳能供电方式

transformationofgovernmentfunctions,increasingethnic,religiousandotherUnitedFrontwork.Partyarmed,nationaldefensereserveforcesworkwasstrengthened.Whileaffirmingtheachievementsatthesametime,wealsoclearlyseethatmytowntherearestillsomeproblemstosolveeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthedifficultiesandproblems,mainlyin:

oneisthedominantindustryisstrong,butnotexcellent,featuredindustrylaggingbehind,stilldoesnotfullymeettherequirementsofindustrialdevelopment,agriculturalindustrializationmanagementresponsibilities;Second,weakinfrastructure,especiallytransportationconstructionisstilllaggingbehind;Thirdcountryseriousshortageoffinancialresources,heavydebtburdenofhistory,stillplentyofpressureofworkanddebt;Fouristhecadresandmassesofenvironmentalawarenessisnotstrong,moreandmorejunk,harmlesstreatmentmoredifficult,"environment-friendlyandresource-saving"societystillneedslong-termefforts;Fiveistheincreaseinsocialinstability,bindtheinterviewvisit,skippingappeal,refluxpetitionunabated,socialstabilityandstress;Sixisoneofthefewcadresandthepioneeringandinnovativespiritisnotstrong,andworkstyletofalse,theservicelevelisnothigh,notadaptedtothecurrentlyoptimizedtospeedupthedevelopmentofthesituation.Weattachgreatimportancetotheseproblemsandadoptpracticalandeffectivemeasures,andeffortstosolvethem.Second,thisyear'sobjectivesandmainideasthisisthekeytoruraldevelopmentyear,facingmanyrareopportunitiesfordevelopment,wemustfirmlyestablishasenseofopportunity,riskMachineconsciousnessandthesenseofresponsibilityandsenseofinnovation,centeringon"partybuildingamongreform,developmentandstability,"four-in-oneworktoimplementandpaymore

优缺点分析:

优点缺点1.安装简便、易维护。

1.造价偏高

2.测量数值容易受到风浪改进方式:

在长江水位的测量中建一个测量井，采用连通器的原理与外界等水位，利用测量井来屏蔽风浪对，减小对测量数值的误差值;同时将超声波测距仪测量数值的射束宽度小。

2.投入式测量方式:

压力式水位传感器

transformationofgovernmentfunctions,increasingethnic,religiousandotherUnitedFrontwork.Partyarmed,nationaldefensereserveforcesworkwasstrengthened.Whileaffirmingtheachievementsatthesametime,wealsoclearlyseethatmytowntherearestillsomeproblemstosolveeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthedifficultiesandproblems,mainlyin:

oneisthedominantindustryisstrong,butnotexcellent,featuredindustrylaggingbehind,stilldoesnotfullymeettherequirementsofindustrialdevelopment,agriculturalindustrializationmanagementresponsibilities;Second,weakinfrastructure,especiallytransportationconstructionisstilllaggingbehind;Thirdcountryseriousshortageoffinancialresources,heavydebtburdenofhistory,stillplentyofpressureofworkanddebt;Fouristhecadresandmassesofenvironmentalawarenessisnotstrong,moreandmorejunk,harmlesstreatmentmoredifficult,"environment-friendlyandresource-saving"societystillneedslong-termefforts;Fiveistheincreaseinsocialinstability,bindtheinterviewvisit,skippingappeal,refluxpetitionunabated,socialstabilityandstress;Sixisoneofthefewcadresandthepioneeringandinnovativespiritisnotstrong,andworkstyletofalse,theservicelevelisnothigh,notadaptedtothecurrentlyoptimizedtospeedupthedevelopmentofthesituation.Weattachgreatimportancetotheseproblemsandadoptpracticalandeffectivemeasures,andeffortstosolvethem.Second,thisyear'sobjectivesandmainideasthisisthekeytoruraldevelopmentyear,facingmanyrareopportunitiesfordevelopment,wemustfirmlyestablishasenseofopportunity,riskMachineconsciousnessandthesenseofresponsibilityandsenseofinnovation,centeringon"partybuildingamongreform,developmentandstability,"four-in-oneworktoimplementandpaymore

※原理:

不同的水位产生净水压强是不同的，测量出水压，就可以计算出水位值。

※测量范围:

可以定制。

※输出:

一般选择输出信号为4~20mA。

系统原理:

1.传感器采用投入水位传感器，输出信号为4~20mA，量程由用户制定。

安装时安装在钻有孔的钢管中，避免动水引起测量误差。

2.传感器输出的信号经过防雷装置后连接AD转换模块，以防雷击损坏传感器和AD模块。

3.AD转换模块为12位，输入信号设置为电流测量方式，输入信号范围为0~20mA。

4.PLC根据设定的参数（量程、AD基准点、AD满量程值等）自动计算水位值，当超出限制值时，给出报警信号（继电器和指示灯）。

5.水位显示、参数设置、报警指示灯都由远程电脑客户端完成。

优缺点分析:

优点缺点费用低。

1.安装繁琐

2.要经常人工维护，任何时候都不能堵塞传

感器引线中的空气管，否则无法测量数

据，定期清理传感器中的泥沙，以免泥沙

阻塞孔从而影响测量。

transformationofgovernmentfunctions,increasingethnic,religiousandotherUnitedFrontwork.Partyarmed,nationaldefensereserveforcesworkwasstrengthened.Whileaffirmingtheachievementsatthesametime,wealsoclearlyseethatmytowntherearestillsomeproblemstosolveeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthedifficultiesandproblems,mainlyin:

oneisthedominantindustryisstrong,butnotexcellent,featuredindustrylaggingbehind,stilldoesnotfullymeettherequirementsofindustrialdevelopment,agriculturalindustrializationmanagementresponsibilities;Second,weakinfrastructure,especiallytransportationconstructionisstilllaggingbehind;Thirdcountryseriousshortageoffinancialresources,heavydebtburdenofhistory,stillplentyofpressureofworkanddebt;Fouristhecadresandmassesofenvironmentalawarenessisnotstrong,moreandmorejunk,harmlesstreatmentmoredifficult,"environment-friendlyandresource-saving"societystillneedslong-termefforts;Fiveistheincreaseinsocialinstability,bindtheinterviewvisit,skippingappeal,refluxpetitionunabated,socialstabilityandstress;Sixisoneofthefewcadresandthepioneeringandinnovativespiritisnotstrong,andworkstyletofalse,theservicelevelisnothigh,notadaptedtothecurrentlyoptimizedtospeedupthedevelopmentofthesituation.Weattachgreatimportancetotheseproblemsandadoptpracticalandeffectivemeasures,andeffortstosolvethem.Second,thisyear'sobjectivesandmainideasthisisthekeytoruraldevelopmentyear,facingmanyrareopportunitiesfordevelopment,wemustfirmlyestablishasenseofopportunity,riskMachineconsciousnessandthesenseofresponsibilityandsenseofinnovation,centeringon"partybuildingamongreform,developmentandstability,"four-in-oneworktoimplementandpaymore

改进方式:

采用吹气式液位变送器，利用储气罐定时排气冲刷前端传感器气孔，一罐储气罐约可以使用2年。

3.GPSRTK测量技术

1.工作原理:

在测量基准站上安置的接收机，对所有可见GPS卫星进行连续观测，并将其观测数据，通过无线传输设备，实时地发送给用户观测站;在用户观测站上，GPS接收机在接收GPS卫星信号的同时，通过无线接收设备，接收基准站传输的观测数据，然后根据相对定位原理，实时地解算并显示用户站的三维坐标及其精度，其定位精度可达1cm~2cm。

2.GPS定位技术相对于传统测量技术的特点:

观测站之间无需通视。

传统的测量方法必须

保持观测站之间有良好的通视条件，而GPS测量不要求观测站之间通视。

定位精度高。

我们采用实时动态相位差分技术

（RTK技术），其定位精度可达1cm~2cm，测深仪精度为:

5cm+0.4%。

操作简便、全程监控。

只需GPS与电脑联接，开机即可，无须架仪器和后视，能实时监控定位

的全过程。

全天候作业。

GPS测量不受天气状况的影响，可以全天候作业（夜间、雨天都可以工作）。

水深测量的平面定位和水深测量完全同步，无须水位测定。

传统的水深测量平面定位和水深测量是相对分离的;平面位置和测深不同步;受涌浪影响大，水尺观测和测深时涌浪情况不一至。

GPS无验潮测深法，可以解决上述问题，即无须观潮和水位改正，测量时不受涌浪影响。

transformationofgovernmentfunctions,increasingethnic,religiousandotherUnitedFrontwork.Partyarmed,nationaldefensereserveforcesworkwasstrengthened.Whileaffirmingtheachievementsatthesametime,wealsoclearlyseethatmytowntherearestillsomeproblemstosolveeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthedifficultiesandproblems,mainlyin:

oneisthedominantindustryisstrong,butnotexcellent,featuredindustrylaggingbehind,stilldoesnotfullymeettherequirementsofindustrialdevelopment,agriculturalindustrializationmanagementresponsibilities;Second,weakinfrastructure,especiallytransportationconstructionisstilllaggingbehind;Thirdcountryseriousshortageoffinancialresources,heavydebtburdenofhistory,stillplentyofpressureofworkanddebt;Fouristhecadresandmassesofenvironmentalawarenessisnotstrong,moreandmorejunk,harmlesstreatmentmoredifficult,"environment-friendlyandresource-saving"societystillneedslong-termefforts;Fiveistheincreaseinsocialinstability,bindtheinterviewvisit,skippingappeal,refluxpetitionunabated,socialstabilityandstress;Sixisoneofthefewcadresandthepioneeringandinnovativespiritisnotstrong,andworkstyletofalse,theservicelevelisnothigh,notadaptedtothecurrentlyoptimizedtospeedupthedevelopmentofthesituation.Weattachgreatimportancetotheseproblemsandadoptpracticalandeffectivemeasures,andeffortstosolvethem.Second,thisyear'sobjectivesandmainideasthisisthekeytoruraldevelopmentyear,facingmanyrareopportunitiesfordevelopment,wemustfirmlyestablishasenseofopportunity,riskMachineconsciousnessandthesenseofresponsibilityandsenseofinnovation,centeringon"partybuildingamongreform,developmentandstability,"four-in-oneworktoimplementandpaymore

成图高度自动化。

配套的数据处理成图软件具有自动成图和计算功能。

能自动计算各层间面积和方量，计算各断面总抛量和未抛量。

水深测量图

优缺点分析:

优点缺点

测量准确1.造价偏高

2.安装不便

综上所述:

1.可采用雷达式水位计

雷达式水位计专门设计用于露天测量，由于它的水平天线结构、低能耗、宽范围的电压transformationofgovernmentfunctions,increasingethnic,religiousandotherUnitedFrontwork.Partyarmed,nationaldefensereserveforcesworkwasstrengthened.Whileaffirmingtheachievementsatthesametime,wealsoclearlyseethatmytowntherearestillsomeproblemstosolveeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthedifficultiesandproblems,mainlyin:

oneisthedominantindustryisstrong,butnotexcellent,featuredindustrylaggingbehind,stilldoesnotfullymeettherequirementsofindustrialdevelopment,agriculturalindustrializationmanagementresponsibilities;Second,weakinfrastructure,especi