长江水位测量方式.docx

1、长江水位测量方式长江水位测量方式长江水位在线测量方案 现在比较常用的测量方式有两种:1.非接触式测量方式;2.投入式测量方式;3.GPS差分测量。 1. 非接触式测量方式:超声波水位传感器 原理:超声波水位传感器通过声波从传感器表面到水面的时间来测量水位。通过超声波在空中的传播时间t来计算超声传感器与被测物之间的距离s 。 由于声波在空中传播的速度c是一定的，则根据: s=ct / 2可计算出s 测量范围:可以定制。 输出:一般选择输出信号为420mA。 系统基于超声测距和无线数传技术开发，基于GPRS/CDMA网络进行水位数据的实时传输，系统提供多种应用方式实现对水位数据的实时查询和分析，通

2、过网络可以及时了解航道水位信息，同时开发了水位信息的自动预警功能，根据航道水位预警值向调度人员发送预警信息，为航运调度提供及时的决策支持。系统为航运调度管理提供了强大的信息支持。 现场不具备电力布线情况，采用太阳能供电方式 transformation of government functions, increasing ethnic, religious and other United Front work. Party armed, national defense reserve forces work was strengthened. While affirming the ac

3、hievements at the same time, we also clearly see that my town there are still some problems to solve economic and social development of the difficulties and problems, mainly in: one is the dominant industry is strong, but not excellent, featured industry lagging behind, still does not fully meet the

4、 requirements of industrial development, agricultural industrialization management responsibilities; Second, weak infrastructure, especially transportation construction is still lagging behind; Third country serious shortage of financial resources, heavy debt burden of history, still plenty of press

5、ure of work and debt; Four is the cadres and masses of environmental awareness is not strong, more and more junk, harmless treatment more difficult, environment-friendly and resource-saving society still needs long-term efforts; Five is the increase in social instability, bind the interview visit, s

6、kipping appeal, reflux petition unabated, social stability and stress; Six is one of the few cadres and the pioneering and innovative spirit is not strong, and work style to false, the service level is not high, not adapted to the currently optimized to speed up the development of the situation. We

7、attach great importance to these problems and adopt practical and effective measures, and efforts to solve them. Second, this years objectives and main ideas this is the key to rural development year, facing many rare opportunities for development, we must firmly establish a sense of opportunity, ri

8、skMachine consciousness and the sense of responsibility and sense of innovation, centering on party building among reform, development and stability, four-in-one work to implement and pay more 优缺点分析: 优点 缺点 1. 安装简便、易维护。 1.造价偏高 2.测量数值容易受到风浪 改进方式:在长江水位的测量中建一个测量井，采用连通器的原理与外界等水位，利用测量井来屏蔽风浪对，减小对测量数值的误差值;同

9、时将超声波测距仪测量数值的射束宽度小。 2.投入式测量方式:压力式水位传感器 transformation of government functions, increasing ethnic, religious and other United Front work. Party armed, national defense reserve forces work was strengthened. While affirming the achievements at the same time, we also clearly see that my town there are s

10、till some problems to solve economic and social development of the difficulties and problems, mainly in: one is the dominant industry is strong, but not excellent, featured industry lagging behind, still does not fully meet the requirements of industrial development, agricultural industrialization m

11、anagement responsibilities; Second, weak infrastructure, especially transportation construction is still lagging behind; Third country serious shortage of financial resources, heavy debt burden of history, still plenty of pressure of work and debt; Four is the cadres and masses of environmental awar

12、eness is not strong, more and more junk, harmless treatment more difficult, environment-friendly and resource-saving society still needs long-term efforts; Five is the increase in social instability, bind the interview visit, skipping appeal, reflux petition unabated, social stability and stress; Si

13、x is one of the few cadres and the pioneering and innovative spirit is not strong, and work style to false, the service level is not high, not adapted to the currently optimized to speed up the development of the situation. We attach great importance to these problems and adopt practical and effecti

14、ve measures, and efforts to solve them. Second, this years objectives and main ideas this is the key to rural development year, facing many rare opportunities for development, we must firmly establish a sense of opportunity, riskMachine consciousness and the sense of responsibility and sense of inno

15、vation, centering on party building among reform, development and stability, four-in-one work to implement and pay more 原理:不同的水位产生净水压强是不同的，测量出水压，就可以计算出水位值。 测量范围:可以定制。 输出:一般选择输出信号为420mA。 系统原理:1.传感器采用投入水位传感器，输出信号为420mA，量程由用户制定。 安装时安装在钻有孔的钢管中，避免动水引起测量误差。 2.传感器输出的信号经过防雷装置后连接AD转换模块，以防雷击损坏传感器和AD模块。 3. AD转

16、换模块为12位，输入信号设置为电流测量方式，输入信号范围为020mA。 4. PLC根据设定的参数(量程、AD基准点、AD满量程值等)自动计算水位值，当超出限制值时，给出报警信号(继电器和指示灯)。 5.水位显示、参数设置、报警指示灯都由远程电脑客户端完成。 优缺点分析: 优点 缺点 费用低。 1. 安装繁琐 2. 要经常人工维护，任何时候都不能堵塞传感器引线中的空气管，否则无法测量数据，定期清理传感器中的泥沙，以免泥沙阻塞孔从而影响测量。 transformation of government functions, increasing ethnic, religious and othe

17、r United Front work. Party armed, national defense reserve forces work was strengthened. While affirming the achievements at the same time, we also clearly see that my town there are still some problems to solve economic and social development of the difficulties and problems, mainly in: one is the

18、dominant industry is strong, but not excellent, featured industry lagging behind, still does not fully meet the requirements of industrial development, agricultural industrialization management responsibilities; Second, weak infrastructure, especially transportation construction is still lagging beh

19、ind; Third country serious shortage of financial resources, heavy debt burden of history, still plenty of pressure of work and debt; Four is the cadres and masses of environmental awareness is not strong, more and more junk, harmless treatment more difficult, environment-friendly and resource-saving

20、 society still needs long-term efforts; Five is the increase in social instability, bind the interview visit, skipping appeal, reflux petition unabated, social stability and stress; Six is one of the few cadres and the pioneering and innovative spirit is not strong, and work style to false, the serv

21、ice level is not high, not adapted to the currently optimized to speed up the development of the situation. We attach great importance to these problems and adopt practical and effective measures, and efforts to solve them. Second, this years objectives and main ideas this is the key to rural develo

22、pment year, facing many rare opportunities for development, we must firmly establish a sense of opportunity, riskMachine consciousness and the sense of responsibility and sense of innovation, centering on party building among reform, development and stability, four-in-one work to implement and pay m

23、ore 改进方式:采用吹气式液位变送器，利用储气罐定时排气冲刷前端传感器气孔，一罐储气罐约可以使用2年。 3. GPS RTK测量技术 1.工作原理:在测量基准站上安置的接收机，对所有可见GPS卫星进行连续观测，并将其观测数据，通过无线传输设备，实时地发送给用户观测站;在用户观测站上，GPS接收机在接收GPS卫星信号的同时，通过无线接收设备，接收基准站传输的观测数据，然后根据相对定位原理，实时地解算并显示用户站的三维坐标及其精度，其定位精度可达1cm2cm。 2.GPS定位技术相对于传统测量技术的特点: 观测站之间无需通视。传统的测量方法必须保持观测站之间有良好的通视条件，而GPS测量不要求观

24、测站之间通视。 定位精度高。我们采用实时动态相位差分技术(RTK技术)，其定位精度可达1cm2cm，测深仪精度为:5cm+0.4%。 操作简便、全程监控。只需GPS与电脑联接，开机即可，无须架仪器和后视，能实时监控定位的全过程。 全天候作业。GPS测量不受天气状况的影响，可以全天候作业(夜间、雨天都可以工作)。 水深测量的平面定位和水深测量完全同步，无须水位测定。传统的水深测量平面定位和水深测量是相对分离的;平面位置和测深不同步;受涌浪影响大，水尺观测和测深时涌浪情况不一至。GPS无验潮测深法，可以解决上述问题，即无须观潮和水位改正，测量时不受涌浪影响。 transformation of g

25、overnment functions, increasing ethnic, religious and other United Front work. Party armed, national defense reserve forces work was strengthened. While affirming the achievements at the same time, we also clearly see that my town there are still some problems to solve economic and social developmen

26、t of the difficulties and problems, mainly in: one is the dominant industry is strong, but not excellent, featured industry lagging behind, still does not fully meet the requirements of industrial development, agricultural industrialization management responsibilities; Second, weak infrastructure, e

27、specially transportation construction is still lagging behind; Third country serious shortage of financial resources, heavy debt burden of history, still plenty of pressure of work and debt; Four is the cadres and masses of environmental awareness is not strong, more and more junk, harmless treatmen

28、t more difficult, environment-friendly and resource-saving society still needs long-term efforts; Five is the increase in social instability, bind the interview visit, skipping appeal, reflux petition unabated, social stability and stress; Six is one of the few cadres and the pioneering and innovati

29、ve spirit is not strong, and work style to false, the service level is not high, not adapted to the currently optimized to speed up the development of the situation. We attach great importance to these problems and adopt practical and effective measures, and efforts to solve them. Second, this years

30、 objectives and main ideas this is the key to rural development year, facing many rare opportunities for development, we must firmly establish a sense of opportunity, riskMachine consciousness and the sense of responsibility and sense of innovation, centering on party building among reform, developm

31、ent and stability, four-in-one work to implement and pay more 成图高度自动化。配套的数据处理成图软件具有自动成图和计算功能。能自动计算各层间面积和方量，计算各断面总抛量和未抛量。 水深测量图 优缺点分析: 优点 缺点 测量准确 1.造价偏高 2.安装不便 综上所述: 1. 可采用雷达式水位计 雷达式水位计专门设计用于露天测量，由于它的水平天线结构、低能耗、宽范围的电压transformation of government functions, increasing ethnic, religious and other Unite

32、d Front work. Party armed, national defense reserve forces work was strengthened. While affirming the achievements at the same time, we also clearly see that my town there are still some problems to solve economic and social development of the difficulties and problems, mainly in: one is the dominant industry is strong, but not excellent, featured industry lagging behind, still does not fully meet the requirements of industrial development, agricultural industrialization management responsibilities; Second, weak infrastructure, especi