有机化学方面的专业英语.docx

有机化学方面的专业英语.docx

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有机化学方面的专业英语

Angular?

methyl?

group?

角甲基

Alkylidene?

group?

亚烷基

Allyl?

group?

烯丙基

Allylic?

烯丙型[的]

Phenyl?

group?

苯基

Aryl?

group?

芳基

Benzyl?

group?

苄基

Benzylic?

苄型[的]

Activating?

group?

活化基团

Chromophore?

生色团

Auxochrome?

助色团

Magnetically?

anisotropic?

group?

磁各向异性基团

Smally?

ring?

小环

Common?

ring?

普通环

Medium?

ring?

中环

Large?

ring?

大环

Bridged-ring?

system?

桥环体系

Spiro?

compound?

螺环化合物

Helical?

molecule?

螺旋型分子

Octahedral?

compound?

八面体化合物

Conjugation?

共轭

Conjugated-system?

共轭体系

Acyl?

cation?

酰[基]正离子

Benzylic?

cation?

苄[基]正离子

Arenirm?

ion?

芳[基]正离子

Ketyl?

radical?

羰自由基

Radical?

ion?

自由基离子

Radical?

cation?

自由基正离子

Radical?

anion?

自由基负离子

Isomerism?

异构[现象]

Aci?

form?

酸式

Fluxional?

structure?

循变结构

Stereochemistry?

立体化学

Optical?

activity?

光学活性

Dextro?

isomer?

右旋异构体

Laevo?

isomer?

左旋异构体

Tetrahedral?

configuration?

四面体构型

Stereoisomerism?

立体异构[现象]

Asymmetric?

atom?

不对称原子

Asymmetric?

carbon?

不对称碳

Pseudoasymmetric?

carbon?

假不对称碳

Phantom?

atom?

虚拟原子

Homotopic?

等位[的]

Heterotopic?

异位[的]

Enantiotopic?

对映异位

Diastereotopic?

非对映异位[的]

Configuration?

构型

Absolute?

configuration?

绝对构型

Chirality?

手性

Chiral?

手性[的]

Chiral?

center?

手性中心

Chiral?

molecule?

手性分子

Achiral?

非手性[的]

Fischer?

projection?

费歇尔投影式

Neoman?

projection?

纽曼投影式

D-L?

system?

of?

nomenclature?

D-L命名体系

R-S?

syytem?

of?

nomenclature?

R-S命名体系

Cahn-Ingold-Prelon?

sequence?

顺序规则

Symmetry?

factor?

对称因素

Plane?

of?

symmetry?

对称面

Mirror?

symmetry?

镜面对称

Enantiomer?

对映[异构]体

Diastereomer?

非对映[异构]体

Epimer?

差向异构体

Anomer?

端基[差向]异构体

Erythro?

configuration?

赤型构型

Erythro?

isomer?

赤型异构体

Threo?

configuration?

苏型构型

Threo?

isomer?

苏型异构体

Trigonal?

carbon?

三角型碳

Cis-trans?

isomerism?

顺反异构

E?

isomer?

E异构体

Z?

isomer?

Z异构体

Endo?

isomer?

内型异构体

Exo?

isomer?

外型异构体

Prochirality?

前手性

Pro-R?

group?

前R基团

Pro-S?

proup?

前S基团

Re?

face?

Re面

Si?

face?

Si面

Racemic?

mixture?

外消旋混合物

Racemic?

compound?

外消旋化合物

Racemic?

solid?

solution?

外消旋固体溶液

Meso?

compound?

内消旋化合物

Quasi?

recemate?

准外消旋体

Conformation?

构象

Conformational?

构象分析

Torsion?

angle?

扭转角

Rotamer?

旋转异构体

Anti?

conformation?

反式构象

Bisecting?

conformation?

等分构象

Anti?

periplanar?

conformation?

反叠构象

Synperiplanar?

conformation?

顺叠构象

Synclinal?

conformation?

反错构象

Synclinal?

conformation?

顺错构象

Eclipsed?

conformation?

重叠构象

Gauche?

conformation,?

skew?

con-formation?

邻位交叉构象

Staggered?

conformation?

对位交叉构象

Steric?

effect?

空间效应

Steric?

hindrance?

位阻

Atropismer?

阻转异构体

Puckered?

ring?

折叠环

Conformational?

inversion?

构象反转

Chair?

conformation?

椅型构象

Boat?

conformation?

船型构象

Twist?

conformation?

扭型构象

Skew?

boat?

conformation?

扭船型构象

Half-chair?

conformation?

半椅型构象

Pseudorotation?

假旋转

Envelope?

conformation?

信封[型]构象

Axial?

bond?

直[立]键

Equatorial?

bond?

平[伏]键

Cisoid?

conformation?

顺向构象

Transoid?

conformation?

反向构象

Retention?

of?

configuration?

构型保持

Regioselectivity?

区域选择性

Regiospecificity?

区域专一性

Stereocelectivity?

立体选择性

Stereospecificty?

立体专一性

Conformer?

构象异构体

Conformational?

effect?

构象效应

Cram’s?

rube?

克拉姆规则

Prelog’rule?

普雷洛格规则

Stereochemical?

orientation?

立体[化学]取向

Conformational?

transmission?

构象传递

Homolog?

同系物

Ipso?

position?

本位

Ortho?

position?

邻位

Meta?

position?

间位

Para?

position?

对位

Amphi?

position?

远位

Peri?

position?

近位

Trigonal?

hybridization?

三角杂化

Molecular?

orbiral?

method?

分子轨道法

Valence?

bond?

method?

价键法

Delocalezed?

bond?

离域键

Cross?

conjugation?

交叉共轭

Vinylog?

插烯物

Mesomeric?

effect?

中介效应

Resonance?

共振

Resonance?

effect?

共振效应

Hyperconjugation?

超共轭

Isovalent?

hyperconjugation?

等价超共轭

No-bond?

resonance?

无键共振

Aromaticity?

芳香性

Aromatic?

sexter?

芳香六隅

Huckel’rule?

休克尔规则

Paramagnetic?

ring?

current?

顺磁环电流

Diamagnetic?

ring?

cruuent?

抗磁环电流

Homoaromaticity?

同芳香性

Antiaromaticity?

反芳香性

Alternant?

hydrocarbon?

交替烃

Non-alternant?

hydrocarbon?

非交替烷

Pericyclic?

reaction?

周环反应

Electrocyclic?

rearrangement?

电环[化]重排

Conrotatory?

顺旋

Disroatatory?

对旋

Cycloaddition?

环加成

Symmetry?

forbidden-reaction?

对称禁阻反应

Synfacial?

reaction?

同面反应

Antarafacial?

reaction?

异面反应

Mobius?

system?

默比乌斯体系

Leois?

structure?

路易斯结构

Coordinate-covalent?

bond?

配位共价键

Banana?

bond?

香蕉键

Pauling?

electronegativity?

scale?

鲍林电负性标度

Polarizability?

可极化性

Inductive?

effect?

诱导效应

Field?

effect?

场效应

Electrical?

effect?

电场效应

tautomerism?

互变异构

Tautomerization?

互变异构化

Keto-enol?

tautomerism?

酮-烯醇互变异构

Phenol-keto?

tautomerism?

酚-酮互变异构

Imine-enamine?

atutomerism?

亚胺-烯胺互变异构

Ring-chain?

tautomerism?

环-链互变异构

Valence?

tautomerism?

价互变异构

Ambident?

两可[的]

Solvent?

effect?

溶剂效应

Acid-base?

catalyxed?

reaction?

酸性溶剂

Basic?

solvent?

碱性溶剂

Dielectric?

constant?

介电常数

Solvated?

electron?

溶剂化电子

Acid-base?

catalyzed?

reaction?

酸碱催化反应

Conjugate?

base?

共轭酸

Conjugate?

base?

共轭碱

Therm?

odynamic?

acidity?

热力学酸度

Kinetic?

acidity?

动力学酸度

Electron?

donof-acceptor?

complex,EDAcomplex?

电子给[体]受体络合物

Host?

主体

Guest?

客体

Primary?

isotope?

effect?

一级同位素效应

Secondary?

isotope?

effect?

二级同位数效应

Inverse?

isotope?

effect?

逆同位素效应

Kinetic?

control?

动力学控制

Thermodynamic?

control?

热力学控制

Substrate?

底物

Intermediate?

中间体

Reactive?

intermediate?

活泼中间体

Microscopic?

reversibility?

微观可逆性

Hammond?

postulate?

哈蒙德假说

Linear?

free?

energy?

线性自由能

Non-bonded?

interaction?

非键相互作用

Torsional?

effect?

扭转效应

Pitzer?

strain?

皮策张力

Restricted?

rotation?

阻碍旋转

Eclipsing?

effect?

重叠效应

Eclipsing?

strain?

重叠张力

Small-angle?

strain?

小角张力

Large?

angle?

strain?

大角张力

Transannular?

interaction?

跨环相互作用

Transannular?

strain?

跨环张力

I?

strain?

内张力

F?

strain?

前张力

B?

strain?

后张力

Anomeric?

effect?

端基异构效应

Walden?

inversion?

瓦尔登反转

Racemization?

外消旋化

Isoinversion?

等反转

Isoracemization?

等消旋

Homochiral?

纯手性[的]

Mechanism?

机理

Unimolecular?

nucleophilic?

单分子亲核取代

Bimolecular?

nucleophilic?

sub-stitution?

双分子亲核取代

Bimolecular?

nucleophilic?

substi-tution（with?

allylic?

rearrange-ment）?

双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）

Internal?

nucleophilic?

substiru-tion?

分子内亲核取代

Aromatic?

nucleophilic?

substitu-tion?

芳香亲核取代

Unimolecular?

electrophilic?

sub-stitution?

单分子亲电取代

Bimolecular?

electrophilic?

substi-tution?

双分子亲电取代

Nucleophile-assisted?

unimolecu-lar?

electrophilic?

substitution?

亲核体协助单分子亲电取代

Unimolecular?

elimination?

单分子消除

Bimolecular?

elimination?

双分子消除

Unimolecular?

elimination?

through?

the?

conjugate?

base?

单分子共轭碱消除

Bimolecular?

elimination?

through?

the?

conjugate?

base?

双分子共轭碱消除

Bimolecular?

elimination?

with?

for-mation?

of?

a?

carbonyl?

group?

双分子羰基形成消除

Unimolecular?

acid-catalyzed?

acyl-oxygen?

cleavage?

单分子酸催化酰氧断裂

Bimolecular?

base-catalyzed?

acyl-oxygen?

cleavage?

双分子碱催化酰氧断裂

Unimolecular?

acid-catalyzed?

alkyl-oxygen?

cleavage?

单分子酸催化烷氧断裂

Bimllecular?

base-catalyzed?

al-?

kyl-oxygen?

cleavage?

双分子碱催化烷氧断裂

π-allyl?

complex?

mechanism?

π烯丙型络合机理

Borderline?

mechanism?

边理机理

Homolysis?

均裂

Heterolysis?

异裂

Heterolytic?

michanism?

异裂机理

Counrer[gegen]ion?

反荷离子

Ion?

pair?

离子对

Carbocation?

碳正离子

Nonclassical?

carbocation?

非经典碳正离子

Carbanion?

碳负离子

Masked?

carbanion?

掩蔽碳负离子

Carbenoid?

卡宾体

Carbene?

卡宾

Nitrene?

氮宾

Carbine?

碳炔

Electrophilic?

addition?

亲电加成

Electrophile?

亲电体

Diaxial?

addition?

双直键加成

Markovnikov’s?

rube?

马尔科夫尼科规则

Anti-Markovnikov?

addition?

反马氏加成

Michael?

addition?

迈克尔加成

Substitution?

取代

Electrophilic?

substitution?

亲电取代

Addition-elimination?

mechanism?

加成消除机理

Electrophilic?

aromatic?

substitu-tion?

亲电芳香取代

Electron?

transfer?

电子转移

Electron-donating?

group?

给电子基团

Electron-Withdrawing?

group?

吸电子基团

Deactivating?

group?

钝化基团

Orinentation?

取向

Ortho-para?

directing?

group?

邻对位定位基

Meta?

directing?

group?

间位定位基

Ortho?

effect?

邻位效应

Partial?

rate?

factor?

分速度系数

Nucleophilic?

reaction?

亲核反应

Internal?

return?

内返

Nucleophilicity?

亲核体

Nucleophilicity?

亲核性

α-effect?

α-效应

Backside?

attack?

背面进攻

Inversion?

反转

Umbrella?

effect?

伞效应

Push-pull?

effect?

推拉效应

Leaving?

group?

离去基团

Electrofuge?

离电体

Nucleofuge?

离核体

Phase-transfer?

catalysis?

相转移催化

Neighboring?

group?

participation?

邻基基参与

Neighboring?

proup?

assistance,anchimeric?

assistance?

邻助作用

Neighboring?

group?

effect?

邻基效应

Apofacial?

reaction?

反面反应

Briddgehead?

displacement?

桥头取代

Aryl?

action?

芳正离子

Benzyne?

苯炔

Zaitsev?

rule?

札依采夫规则

Anti-Zaitsev?

orientation?

反札依采夫定向

Hofmann’s?

rule?

霍夫曼规则

Bredt?

rule?

布雷特规则

Initiation?

引发

Anionic?

cleavage?

负离子裂解

Partial?

bond?

fixation?

键[的]部分固定化

02．3有机化学反应

Alkylation?

烷基化

C-?

alkylation?

C-烷基化

O-?

alkylation?

O-烷基化

N-alkylation?

N-烷基化

Silylation?

硅烷[基]化

Exhaustive?

methylation?

彻底甲基化

Seco?

alkylation?

断裂烷基化

Demethylation?

脱甲基化

Ethylation?

乙基化

Arylation?

芳基化

Acylation?

酰化

Formylation?

甲酰化

Carbalkoxylation?

烷氧羰基化

Carboamidation?

氨羰基化

Carboxylation?

羧基化

Amination?

氨基化

Bisamination?

双氨基化

Cine?

substitution?

移位取代

Transamination?

氨基交换

Hydroxylation?

羟基化

acyloxyation?

酰氧基化

Decarboxylative?

nitration?

脱羧卤化

Allylic?

halogenation?

烯丙型卤化

Dehalogenation?

脱卤

Nitration?

硝化

Decarboxylative?

nitration?

脱羧硝化

Nitrosation?

亚硝化

Sulfonation?

磺化

Chlorosulfonation?

氯磺酰化

Desulfonation?

脱磺酸基

Sulfenylation?

亚磺酰化

Sulfonylation?

磺酰化

Chlorosulfenation?

氯亚磺酰化

Chlorocarbonylation?

氯羰基化

Diazotization?

重氮化

Diazo?

transfer?

重氮基转移

Coupling?

reaction?

偶联反应

Diazonium?

coupling?

重氮偶联

Cross-coupling?

reaction?

交叉偶联反应

1,4-addition?

1，4-加成

Conjugate?

addition?

共轭加成

Dimerization?

二聚

Trimefization?

三聚

Additive?

dimerization?

加成二聚

sulfurization?

硫化

Selenylation?

硒化

Hydroboration?

硼氢化

Oxyamination?

羟氨基化

Insertion?

插入

carbonylation?

羧基化

Hydroformylation?

加氢甲酰基化

Hydroacylation?

加氢酰化

Oxo?

process?

羰基合成

Decarbonylation?

脱羰

Hydrocarboxylation?

氢羧基化

Homologization?

同系化

Cyanoethylation?

氰乙基化

Decyanoethylation?

脱氰乙基

Ring?

clsure?

环合

Diene?

synthesis?

双烯合成

Dienophile?

亲双烯体

Endo?

addition?

内型加成

Exo?

addition?

外型加成

Diels-Alder?

reaction?

第尔斯-尔德反应

Retro?

Diels-Alder?

reaction?

逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应

Ene?

synthesis?

单烯合成

Anionic?

cycloaddition?

负离子环加成

Dipolar?

addition?

偶极加成

-?

elimination?

-消除

-?

elimination?

-消除

-?

elimination?

-消除

-elimination?

-消除

Dehydrohalogenation?

脱卤化氢

Deamination?

脱氨基

Pyrolytic?

elimination?

热解消除

Elimination-addition?

消除-加成

Decarboxylation?

脱羧

Decarboxamidation?

脱酰胺

Decyanation?

脱氰基

Alkylolysis,alkyl?

cleavage?

烷基裂解

Acylolysis,acyl?

cleavage?

酰基裂解

Flash?

pyrolysis?

闪热裂

Fragmentation?

碎裂

Chiletropic?

reaction?

螯键反应

Chelation?

螯环化

Esterification?

酯化

Transesterification?

酯交换

Saponification?

皂化

Alcoholysis?

醇解

Ethanolysis?

乙醇解

Cyanomethylation?

氰甲基化

Aminomethylation?