大学四级181.docx
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大学四级181
大学四级-181
（总分：
693.00，做题时间：
90分钟）
一、{{B}}PartⅠWriting{{/B}}（总题数：
1，分数：
106.00）
1.有很多人喜欢养宠物2．养宠物的利与弊3．你的建议
（分数：
106.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案：
（）
解析：
TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofKeepingPets
[1]Nowadaysmanypeoplelikeraisingpets,suchasdogs,cats,birds,etc．[2]Actually,itisgoodtokeeppetsbecausepetscanplaywiththeyoungandaccompanytheold．[3]Researchalsoshowsthatlivingwithapethelpstosoothepeople'spressureanddistressandevendecreasesthepossibilityofgettingheartdiseases．
[4]However,manyareagainstlivingtogetherwithanimals．Theyarguethatpetsareeasilyinfectedbydiseases,[5]whichmaypassontohumans．[6]What'smore,theunpleasantsmellandwastecausedbypetsarearesourceofenvironmentalpollution．
[7]Inmyopinion,keepingpetsbringsjoytoourlife．[8]Buttoavoidpotentialrisksandtroubles,wehavetomakesurethatourpetsareproperlyvaccinatedandtheirbehaviorsareundercontrol.
[1]提出社会现象，对应提纲中的第1点。
raise和keep同义，使说法多样化。
[2]指出养宠物的益处。
accompany“陪伴”是亮点词汇。
注意theyoung,theold这样的地道表达。
[3]用研究结果说明养宠物的其他益处，增强了说服力。
soothe是亮点词汇，表示缓解（压力），抚平（创伤）等义。
[4]用However转折至弊端，逻辑清晰。
这句话是该段的中心句。
[5]用which引导的定语从句是亮点。
passontosb.“传给某人”。
[6]What'smore继续补充说明。
[7]用Inmyopinion指出自己的观点。
[8]结合上文提出建议。
vaccinate“预防接种”，beundercontrol“可控”。
[写作指南]
这篇作文属于说明性作文，考生只需要将提纲中要求的内容组织起来便可。
第1段提出很多人喜欢养宠物这种现象。
第2段分析利弊，根据作文的标题可知此段是重点内容。
养宠物的益处可以从很多方面说（比如消除孤独感、丰富日常生活、获得快乐等），弊端可以从养宠物减少了人与人之间的交流机会、可能使人被传染疾病、可能导致空气异味等方面来说。
第3段总结全文，并针对上文提到的弊端，简要提出自己的建议。
二、{{B}}PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）{{/B}}（总题数：
1，分数：
70.00）
HavingKidsMakesYouHappy?
WhenIwasgrowingup,ourformerneighbors,whomwe'llcalltheSloans,weretheonlycoupleontheblockwithoutkids.Itwasn'tthattheycouldn'thavechildren;accordingtoMr.Sloan,theyjustchosenotto.Alltheotherparents,includingmine,thoughtitwasodd-eventragic.SoanybadluckthathappenedtotheSloans--theeggingoftheirhouseoneHalloween;thelandslide（山崩）thatsenttheirpoolcareeringtothestreetbelow-wassomehowattributedtothatfatefuldecisionthey'dmadesomanyyearsbefore."Well,"theotheradultswouldsay,"youknowtheyneverdidhavekids."EachtimeIvisitedtheSloans,I'dsearchforsignsofinsanity,miseryorevenregretintheirsupercleanhome,yetIneverseemedtofindany.FromwhatIcouldtell,theSloanswerehappy,maybeevenhappierthanmyparents,despitethefactthattheywerechildless.
Myimpressionsmayhavebeenswayedbythefactthattheircandydishwasalwaysfull,butseveralstudiesnowshowthattheSloanscouldwellhavebeenmoresatisfiedthanmostofthetraditionalfamiliesaroundthem.InDanielGilbert's2006bookStumblingonHappiness,theHarvardprofessorofpsychologylooksatseveralstudiesandconcludesthatmaritalsatisfactiondecreasesdramaticallyafterthebirthofthefirstchild--andincreasesonlywhenthelastchildhaslefthome.Healsofindsoutthatparentsarehappiergroceryshoppingandevensleepingthanspendingtimewiththeirkids.Otherdatacitedby2008'sGrossNationalHappinessauthor,ArthurC.Brooks,findsthatparentsareabout7percentagepointslesslikelytoreportbeinghappythanthechildless.
Themostrecentcomprehensivestudyontheemotionalstateofthosewithkidsshowsusthattheterm"bundleofjoy"maynotbethemostaccuratewaytodescribeouroffspring."Parentsexperiencelowerlevelsofemotionalwell-being,lessfrequentpositiveemotionsandmorefrequentnegativeemotionsthantheirchildlesspeers,"saysFloridaStateUniversity'sRobinSimon."Infact,nogroupofparents--married,single,steporevenempty-nest-reportedsignificantlygreateremotionalwell-beingthanpeoplewhoneverhadchildren.It'ssuchanunexpectedfindingbecausewehavetheseculturalbeliefsthatchildrenarethekeytohappinessandahealthylife,andthey'renot."
Simonreceivedplentyofhatemailinresponsetoherresearch,whichisn'tsurprising.Herfindingsshaketheveryfoundationofwhatwe'vebeenraisedtobelieveistrue.InarecentNewsweekPoll,50percentofAmericanssaidthataddingnewchildrentothefamilytendstoincreasehappinesslevels.Onlyoneinsix（16percent）saidthataddingnewchildrenhadanegativeeffectontheparents'happiness.Butwhichparentiswillingtoadmitthatthegreatestgiftlifehastoofferhasinfactmadehisorherlifelessenjoyable?
Parentsmayopenlycomplaintheirlackofsleep,busyschedulesanddifficultyindealingwiththeirbad-temperedteens,butrarelywilltheycoptofeelingdepressedduetotheeverydayrigorsofchildrearing."'Ifyouadmitthatkidsandparenthoodaren'tmakingyouhappy,it'sbasicallyblasphemy（亵读）,"saysJenSinger,astay-at-homemotheroftwofromNewJerseywhorunsthepopularparentingblogMommaS."Frombaby-creamcommercialsthatmakemotherhoodlookhappyandwellrested,tocommercialsforDisneyWorldwhereyou'resupposedtofeellikeakidbecauseyou'retherewithyourkids,we'vemadeparenthoodouttobeoneextremelyhappymomentafteranother,andit'sdisappointingwhenyoufindoutit'snot."
IsitpossiblethatAmericanparentshavealwaysbeenthisdisillusioned?
Anecdotal（轶事的）evidencesaysno.Inpre-industrialAmerica,parentscertainlylovedtheirchildren,buttheiroffspringalsoservedapurpose--toworkthefarm,contributetothehousehold.Childrenwereanecessity.Today,wehavekidsmoreforemotionalreasons,butanincreasinglycomplicatedworkandsocialenvironmenthasmadefindingsatisfactionfarmoredifficult.AkeystudybyUniversityofWisconsin-Madison'sSaraMcLanahanandJuliaAdams,conductedsome20yearsago,foundthatparenthoodwasperceivedassignificantlymorestressfulinthe1970sthaninthe1950s;theresearchersattributepartofthatchangetomajorshiftsinemploymentpatterns.ThemajorityofAmericanparentsnowworkoutsidethehome,havelesssupportfromextendedfamilyandfaceaworseningeducationandhealth-caresystem,soraisingchildrenhasnotonlybecomemorecomplicated--ithasbecomemoreexpensive.TodaytheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureestimatesthatitcostsanywherefrom$134,370to$237,520toraiseachildfrombirthtotheageof17--andthat'snotcountingschoolorcollegetuition.Nowonderparentsarefeelingalittleblue.
Societalillsaside,perhapswealsoexpecttoomuchfromthepromiseofparenting.TheNationalMarriageProject's2006"StateofOurUnions"reportsaysthatparentshavesignificantlylowermaritalsatisfactionthannon-parentsbecausetheyexperiencedmoresingleandchild-freeyearsthanpreviousgenerations.Twenty-fiveyearsago,womenmarriedaroundtheageof20,andmenat23.Todaybothsexesaremarryingfourtofiveyearslater.Thismeanstheexperienceofraisingkidsisnowcompetingwithhighsinaparent'spast,likecareerwinsoraearefreesociallife.Sendingbad-temperedkidstoschoolordashingtoworkwithspit-uponyourfavoritesweaterdoesn'tturnouttoberomantic.
Forthechildless,allthisresearchmustcertainlyfeelredeeming（弥补的）.Asforthoseofuswithkids,well,thenewsisn'tallbad.Parentsstillreportfeelingagreatersenseofpurposeandmeaningintheirlivesthanthosewho'veneverhadkids.Andthereareotherrewardingaspectsofparentingthatareimpossibletoquantify.Forexample,IneverthoughtitpossibletolovesomeoneasdeeplyasIlovemyson.AsfortheSloans,it'shardtosaywhethertheyhadalessmeaningfulexistencethanmyparents,orifmyparentswere7percentlesshappythantheSloans.Perhapsitjustcomesdowntohowyouseethecandydish--halfemptyorhalffull.Oratleastasaparent,that'swhatI'llkeeptellingmyself.
（分数：
70.00）
（1）.WhyweretheSloanschildless?
（分数：
7.00）
A.Theycouldn'taffordtobringupachild.
B.Theydecidednottohaveachild. √
C.Theywereinfertile.
D.Lotsofbadluckhappenedtothem.
解析：
[解析]该段第2句表明并不是他们不能生孩子，而是他们选择不生（chosenotto），B是对原文的正确理解，选B。
该句同时否定了C（infertile“不育的”）；A无原文依据；D是利用原词badluck进行干扰，与题意不符。
（2）.WhatdidtheauthorexpecttofindintheSloans'home?
（分数：
7.00）
A.Signsshowingtheyweremiserable. √
B.Satisfactionofbeingchildless.
C.Candydishthatwasalwaysfull.
D.Asupercleanhome.
解析：
[解析]该句提到作者每次去Slonas家都想找到他们疯狂、痛苦或者哪怕是后悔的迹象，A“显示他们痛苦的迹象”属于其中之一，故选A。
B、C、D均是利用原词进行干扰，与题意不符。
（3）.AccordingtoDanielGilbert,afterthelastchildhaslefthome,______.（分数：
7.00）
A.parentstendtobehappier √
B.parents'satisfactionislikelytodecrease
C.parentsareashappyastheyhadtheirfirstchild
D.parentsaremoreeagertospendtimewiththeirkids
解析：
[解析]该句提到当最后一个孩子离开家里时，父母对婚姻的满意度才会增加。
满意度增加也就意味着“更幸福”，故选A。
B与原文意思相反；生第一个孩子时，父母对婚姻的满意度是下降的（decreases），故C不对；D属于随意捏造，无原文支持。
（4）.Whatareourculturalbeliefs?
（分数：
7.00）
A.Singleparentisgenerallylesshappy.
B.Couplesareunhappywithkids.
C.It'satraditionforcouplestohavekids.
D.Havingkidsmakesparentshappy. √
解析：
[解析]该句表明人们通常相信孩子是幸福和健康生活的关键，D的意思与原文相近，故选D。
C提到“夫妻要孩子是一种传统”只是可能存在的常理，非题干所问，注意排除这个干扰项。
（5）.AccordingtotheNewsweekPoll,______.（分数：
7.00）
A.RobinSimon'sfindingwastoosurprisingtobelieve
B.noparentsadmittedhavingachildmadetheirlifelessenjoyable
C.halfAmericansagreedaddingachildhasapositiveeffectonhappinesslevels √
D.16%ofAmericanssaidhavingachildwasharmfultoparents'relationship
解析：
[解析]该句提到一半的美国人认为家里添新丁会增加幸福度，C的hasapositiveeffecton是对原文tendstoincrease的同义改写，故选C。
D是强干扰项，原文说有16%的美国人认为添新丁会对父母的幸福（parents'happiness）产生消极影响，而不是parents'relationship，据此可排除D。
（6）.Thebaby-creamcommercialsistakenasanexampletoshow______.（分数：
7.00）
A.mothers'needtorest
B.enjoyableparenthood √
C.happym
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