综合教程2何兆熊张春柏unit14笔记.docx
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综合教程2何兆熊张春柏unit14笔记
综合英语
Unit1
lashvt.
hitviolentlyorsuddenly
e.g.Thefarmerlashedthemuleswithastick.
Thewaveslashedtheshore.
Collocation:
lashout（at/againstsb./sth.）makeasuddenviolentattackwithblowsorwords
Synonym:
whip,beat
scoffvi.
laugh（at）
e.g.Allthestudentsscoffedatthepoorboy’sclothes.
Thedisabledpeopleareoftenscoffed.
Derivation:
scoffern.
Synonym:
jeer,mock
swayvi.
moveorswingfromsidetoside
e.g.Heswayedslightly,asifabouttofall.他身子一歪，像要倒下。
Synonym:
swing,wave
Translation:
1.那棵苹果树在风中摇曳。
Theappletreeswaysinthewind.
2.她演讲时优雅地摆动着手。
Sheswayedherhandsgracefullyasshegavelectures.
illusionn.
sth.thatdeceivesapersonbyseemingtobereal
e.g.Themirrorsallroundthewallsgiveanillusionofgreaterspace.
Ihavenoillusionsaboutmyability.我对自己的能力如何颇有自知之明。
Derivation:
illusivea.
illusivelyad.
Collocation:
beundertheillusionthatbelievewrongly
e.g.Iwasundertheillusionthathewashonestuntilhewascaughtstealingsomemoney.他偷钱当场被人抓住，在此之前我一直误以为他是个老实人。
devastatinga.
completelydestructive
e.g.Itisthemostdevastatingfloodin100years.
Derivation:
devastatevt.
devastationn.
Synonym:
disastrous,destructive
glanceat
lookatsb.orsth.quickly,esp.byraisingyoureyesandthenloweringthemagain
e.g.Thepresidentglancedattheclockandannouncedthatthemeetingstarted.
Comparison:
gazeat,stareat,glareat,gapeat
✓gazeat:
lookatsth.orsb.foralongtime,forexample,becausetheyarebeautifulorinteresting,esp.withoutrealizingthatyouaredoingit
e.g.Thepoetlaydownandgazedatthebrightmoon,missinghishometown.
✓stareat:
deliberatelylookatsb.orsth.foralongtimewithoutmovingyoureyes,forexample,becauseyouareangry,shocked,orveryinterested
e.g.Don’tstareatpeople;it’sveryrude.
✓glareat:
lookangrilyatsb.foralongtimewithoutmovingyoureyes
e.g.Theheroinesteppedforwardbravelyandglaredattheenemy.
女英雄挺身而出，以仇恨的目光瞪着敌人。
✓gapeat:
lookatsb.orsth.foralongtime,esp.withyourmouthopen,becauseyouareverysurprisedorshocked
e.g.Hisfatherstoodtheregapingathim,tooastonishedtosayanything.
purgatoryn.
aplaceorconditionofgreatsuffering
e.g.Thedevastatingearthquakechangedpeople’shomeintoapurgatory.
Synonym:
torture,plague
Derivation:
purgatoriala.
dilemman.
asituationinwhichitisverydifficulttodecidewhattodo,becauseallofthepossiblecoursesofactionseemequallygoodorequallybad
e.g.Theonlywayoutofthisdilemmaistocooperatewithinthegroup.
面对这样的两难境地，唯一的出路就是在团队内合作。
Collocation:
inadilemma
e.g.Marywasinadilemmawhethertomarryorcontinueherstudy.
Synonym:
quandary,predicament
confusionn.
averydisorganizedsituationusuallywithlotsofnoise,inwhichalotofthingsarehappeningatthesametime,sothatitisdifficulttounderstandorcontrol
e.g.Theenemy’sunexpectedattackthrewthemintototalconfusion.
敌人的突然进攻使他们完全不知所措。
Comparison:
disorder,chaos
✓disordern.:
asituationinwhichthingsorpeoplearenotinthecorrectposition,place,ororder,sothattheyareunabletocontrolororganize
e.g.TheCivilWarcameattheendofalongperiodofsocialdisorder.
✓chaosn.:
asituationthatisfullofdisorderandiscompletelyoutofcontrol
e.g.Thethievesleftthehouseinchaos.
小偷走后房屋中一片凌乱
Derivation:
confuseda.
confusevt.
Transfern.
achangefromoneplacetoanother
e.g.Theheadmasterarrangedforhistransfertoanotherschool.
校长安排他转到另一个学校。
vt.movesth./sb.fromoneplacetoanother
e.g.TheheadofficehasbeentransferredfromLondontoNewYork.
总部已由伦敦迁至纽约。
Synonym:
remove,handover
Derivation:
transferablea.
reassuringa.
makingsb.feellessworriedorfrightened
e.g.Beforecommencingtheperformance,shegavemeareassuringsmile.
ThePresidentgaveareassuringspeechaboutthefutureofthecountry.
Derivation:
reassurancen.
reassurevt.
reassuringlyad.
Antonym:
threatening,discouraging
panicvt.
besuddenlyfrightenedbysth.
e.g.Thefirecrackerspanickedthechicks.
Theshotpanickedallthecustomersintherestaurant.
n.asuddenstrongfeelingoffearornervousness
Collocation:
panicsb.intodoingsth.makesb.dosth.unwiseorhastybecauseofpanic
e.g.Thebankswerepanickedintosellingsterling.银行因恐慌而抛售英国货币
Synonym:
dread,terror,fear
descentn.
theactorprocessofgoingdown
e.g.ThewildgoosebeganitsdescentintotheWestLake.
Synonym:
decline,subsidence
Antonym:
ascent
stoopvi.
benddown
e.g.Thepolicemanstoopedtopickupalostgunintheroom.
Collocation:
stoop（down）topicksth.up
stoopsolow（astodosth.）:
lowerone’smoralstandardssofar（astodosth.）
e.g.Hetriedtomakemeacceptabribe—IhopeIwouldneverstoopsolow.
他想让我接受贿赂——希望我决不至于做出这种低级的事。
Antonym:
straighten（up）
collapsevi.
（breakintopiecesand）falldownsuddenlybecauseofaweaknessinthestructure,orbecauseofasuddenviolentforce
e.g.Theheavystormcausedthehoveltocollapse.
Synonym:
breakdown,crumble
Translation:
1.地震之后许多房屋都倒塌了。
Manybuildingscollapsedintheearthquake.
2.大雨把禾苗都压塌了。
Grainseedlingscollapsedundertheweightofthebigrain.
sapvt.
weakenslowly
e.g.Theyweretravelingveryslowly,andtheheavyloadtheywerecarryingsappedtheirstrength.
Theconstanttensionwassappingmyenergy.
Synonym:
weaken,exhaust,drain
Collocation:
sapuponsb.beatupsb.
persuadevt.
convincesb.
e.g.KingLearwascompletelypersuadedbyhiselderdaughters’honeyedwords.
Shepersuadedherfathertochangehismind.
Derivation:
persuasionn.
persuasivea.
Collocation:
persuadesb.ofsth.convincesb.
e.g.Wearepersuadedofthejusticeofhercase.
我们确信对她案件的审理是公正的。
meetupwith
comeacross
e.g.Marymetupwithherstudentonthestreetofaforeigncountry.
Notes:
meetthecase适当，令人满意
meetsb.half-way与某人妥协
meetone’sWaterloo（在比赛中）惨败
Translation:
1.在一次会议上，那位教授偶遇了十年前帮助过她的恩人。
Inaconference,theprofessormetupwithherbenefactorwhohelpedher10yearsago.
2.在与民主党的辩论中，共和党遭到了惨败。
DuringdiscussionwiththeDemocraticParty,theRepublicanPartymetitsWaterloo.
inflames:
burning着火，失火
e.g.Thatfactorywasinflames.那家工厂失火了。
Theoperahousewassoonenvelopedinflames.歌剧院很快就被一片火海所包围。
amatterofsth.:
asituationorcircumstancerelatingtosth.事关……的问题
e.g.Forme,itwasjustamatterofmoney.对我来说那只是一个钱的问题。
offandon:
inanintermittentmanner不时地，断断续续地
e.g.Ithasrainedoffandonfortwomonths.雨断断续续地下了两个月。
Hejustreceivedjunioreducationoffandonwhenhewasachild.他只是小时候断断续续地读过小学。
givesb.ahand:
helpsb.帮助
e.gIwouldbegladtogiveyouahandwiththisboxifyoulike.
如果你愿意，我很高兴为你拿这个箱子。
Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.Othersfacedtheultimatemoraldilemma:
Saveyourself,orsaveanother
Antonym:
amoral,nonmoral
2.Butashardasshetried,asmanyquestionsassheasked,thepicturebegantofadeonthe36thfloor.
Synonym:
disappear
3.Thedrawstringsonhiswindowshadeswouldappeartoswayslightly,butitwasanillusion.
Antonym:
wildly
4.HerippedhisT-shirtintopieces,soakedthepiecesinwaterandgavethemtocolleaguestocovertheirfaces.
Antonym:
uncover,disclose,reveal
5.HongandRamostriedtopersuadehimtocontinue.
Antonym:
dissuade
6.“Ileft,”Hongsays.
Antonym:
happily,joyfully,joyously
7.Mayblumwouldbeoneofthousandscastintoextraordinarypurgatorythatmorning.
Antonym:
ordinary,common
8.Onthe53rdfloor,hecameacrossaheavysetmanwhoselegsjustwouldn’tmoveanymore.
Antonym:
small,thin,slender
Practice：
✓母亲得癌早逝，艾米受到了严重打击。
Hermother’searlydeathfromcancerdevastatedAmy.
✓石油泄漏破坏自然环境，危害公众健康，污染饮用水且扰乱经济。
Oilspillsdevastatethenaturalenvironment,endangerpublichealth,imperildrinkingwateranddisrupttheeconomy.
✓那场大地震中，我们听到太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了自己的生命。
（leavebehind）
Inthatearthquake,weheardmanystoriesofteacherswhohadrefusedtoleavetheirstudentsbehindandlaiddowntheirlives.
✓另外，我不仅仅留下了装修一新的办公室，还留下了一支受过良好训练、努力工作、勤恳工作的强大团队。
Moreover,Ileavebehindnotonlyawell-furnishedoffice,butalsoastrongteamofwell-trained,hard-workingandfullydevotedpeople.
✓我们在身后留下什么并不重要，重要的是，我们是怎么活过来的。
Whatweleavebehindisnotasimportantashowwehavelived.
✓1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。
（meetupwith）
In1980,whenImetupwithher,shehadjustreturnedfromabroadwithamaster’sdegree.
✓我与另一位作家会合，两人慢悠悠地穿过市中心。
Imeetupwithanotherwriterandwewendourwaythroughdowntown.
✓“哈，”爸爸对我们说，“既然上帝领她来见我，我期望与她相会。
”
“Well,”Dadtoldus,“sincetheLordshowedhertome,IexpectedI’dmeetupwithher.”
✓那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。
（illusion）
Thankstomoderntechnology,thefilmaboutthatancientbattlegivestheaudiencetheillusionofbeingonthebattlefieldthemselves.
✓如果有人认为，领导人经验越多，就会变得越成熟，那只是幻想。
Itisanillusiontobelievethatleadersgainprofunditywhiletheygainexperience.
✓他仍抱着幻觉：
农村生活就是优越于城市生活。
Hestilllivesundertheillusionthatcountrylifeissomehowsuperiortotownlife.
Unit2
agingn.
theprocessofbecomingold
e.g.Peoplewanttofigureoutwhetherdoingsportscaninfluenceaginginthebody.
Comparison:
✓elderlya.:
apolitewordmeaningold
e.g.Thebuildinghasnowbeenconvertedintoaretirementhomefortheelderly.
✓seniorcitizen:
apoliteexpressionmeaningoldpeople
dreadvt.
feelgreatfearoranxietyabout
e.g.Thelittlegirldreadssleepingalone.
Thestaffinthiscompanydreadtothinkwhatwillhappenifthefinancialcrisiscomes.
Derivation:
dreadfula.
Synonym:
fear,frighten
distinc
升级会员 