外文翻译 《回归测试研究》李建国.docx

外文翻译 《回归测试研究》李建国.docx

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外文翻译《回归测试研究》李建国

STUDYPAPERONTESTCASEGENERATIONFORGUIBASEDTESTING

Sourceby:

PGResearchScholar，SoftwareEngineeringGroup，SchoolofComputerScienceandtechnology,karunyauniversity,coimbatore,Indiaaisabella20@

Head-ComputertechnologyCentre,KarunyaUniversity,Coimbatore,India

emiretna@

ABSTRACT

WiththeadventofWWWandoutburstintechnologyandsoftwaredevelopment,testingthesoftwarebecameamajorconcern.Duetotheimportanceofthetestingphaseinasoftwaredevelopmentlifecycle,testinghasbeendividedintographicaluserinterface（GUI）basedtesting,logicaltesting,integrationtesting,etc.GUITestinghasbecomeveryimportantasitprovidesmoresophisticatedwaytointeractwiththesoftware.ThecomplexityoftestingGUIincreasedovertime.Thetestingneedstobeperformedinawaythatitprovideseffectiveness,efficiency,increasedfaultdetectionrateandgoodpathcoverage.Tocoverallusecasesandtoprovidetestingforallpossible（success/failure）scenariosthelengthofthetestsequenceisconsideredimportant.IntentofthispaperistostudysometechniquesusedfortestcasegenerationandprocessforvariousGUIbasedsoftwareapplications.

KEYWORDS

GUITesting,Model-BasedTesting,TestCase,AutomatedTesting,EventTesting.

1.INTRODUCTION

GraphicalUserInterface（GUI）isaprograminterfacethattakesadvantageofthecomputer'sgraphicscapabilitiestomaketheprogrameasiertouse.GraphicalUserInterface（GUI）providesuseranimmensewaytointeractwiththesoftware[1].ThemosteminentandessentialpartsofthesoftwarethatisbeingusedtodayareGraphicalUserInterfaces（GUIs）[8],[9].EventhoughGUIsprovidesuseraneasywaytousethesoftware,theymakethedevelopmentprocessofthesoftwaretangled[2].Graphicaluserinterface（GUI）testingistheprocessoftestingsoftware'sgraphicaluserinterfacetosafeguarditmeetsitswrittenspecificationsandtodetectifapplicationisworkingfunctionallycorrect.GUItestinginvolvesperformingsometasksandcomparingtheresultwiththeexpectedoutput.Thisisperformedusingtestcases.GUITestingcanbeperformedeithermanuallybyhumansorautomaticallybyautomatedmethods.

Manualtestingisdonebyhumanssuchastestersordevelopersitselfinsomecasesanditisoftenerrorproneandtherearechancesofmostofthetestscenariosleftout.Itisverytimeconsumingalso.AutomatedGUITestingincludesautomatingtestingtasksthathavebeendonemanuallybefore,usingautomatedtechniquesandtools.AutomatedGUItestingismore,efficient,precise,reliableandcosteffective.Atestcasenormallyconsistsofaninput,output,expectedresultandtheactualresult.MorethanonetestcaseisrequiredtotestthefullfunctionalityoftheGUIapplication.Acollectionoftestcasesarecalledtestsuite.Atestsuitecontainsdetailedguidelinesorobjectivesforeachcollectionoftestcases.ModelBasedTesting（MBT）isaquickandorganizedmethodwhichautomatesthetestingprocessthroughautomatedtestsuitegenerationandexecutiontechniquesandtools[11].ModelbasedtestingusesthedirectedgraphmodeloftheGUIcalledevent-interactiongraph（EIG）[4]andeventsemanticinteractiongraph（ESIG）.Eventinteractiongraphisarefinementofeventflowgraph（EFG）[1].EIGcontainseventsthatinteractwiththebusinesslogicoftheGUIapplication.EventSemanticInteraction（ESI）isusedtoidentifysetofeventsthatneedtobetestedtogetherinmulti-wayinteractions[3]anditismoreusefulwhenpartitioningtheeventsaccordingtoitsfunctionality.Thispaperisorganizedasfollow:

Section2providessometechniques,algorithmsusedtogeneratetestcases,amethodtorepairtheinfeasibletestsuitesaredescribedinsection3,GUItestingonvarioustypesofsoftwaresorunderdifferentconditionsareelaboratedinsection4,section5describesabouttestingtheGUIapplicationbytakingeventcontextintoconsiderationandlastsectionconcludesthepaper.

2.TESTCASEGENERATION

2.1.UsingGUIRun-TimeStateasFeedback

XunYuanandAtifMMemon[3],usedGUIruntimestateasfeedbackfortestcasegenerationandthefeedbackisobtainedfromtheexecutionofaseedtestsuiteonanApplicationUnderTest（AUT）.ThisfeedbackisusedtogenerateadditionaltestcasesandtestinteractionsbetweenGUIeventsinmultipleways.AnEventInteractionGraph（EIG）isgeneratedfortheapplicationtobetestedandseedtestsuitesaregeneratedfortwo-wayinteractionsofGUIevents.ThenthetestsuitesareexecutedandtheGUI’sruntimestateisrecorded.ThisrecordedGUIruntimestateisusedtoobtainEventSemanticInteraction（ESI）relationshipfortheapplicationandtheseESIareusedtoobtaintheEventSemanticInteractionGraph（ESIG）.ThetestcasesaregeneratedandESIGsiscapableofmanagingtestcasesformorethantwo-wayinteractionsandhenceforth2-,3-,4-,5-wayinteractionsaretested.Thenewlygeneratedtestcasesaretestedandadditionalfaultsaredetected.ThesestepsareshowninFigure1.Thefaultdetectioneffectivenessishighthanthetwowayinteractionsanditisbecause,testcasesaregeneratedandexecutedforcombinationofeventsindifferentexecutionorders.

Therealsosomedisadvantagesinthisfeedbackmechanism.ThismethodisdesignedfocusingonGUIapplications.ItwillbedifferentforapplicationsthathaveintricateunderlyingbusinesslogicandasimpleGUI.Asmulti-wayinteractionstestcasesaregenerated,largenumberoftestcaseswillbegenerated.Thisfeedbackmechanismisnotautomated.

2.2.UsingCoveringArrayTechnique

XunYuanetal[4],proposedanewautomatedtechniquefortestcasegenerationusingcoveringarrays（CA）forGUItesting.Usually2-waycoveringareusedfortesting.Becauseasnumberofeventsinasequenceincreases,thesizeoftestsuitegrowslarge,preventingfromusingsequenceslongerthan3or4.Butcertaindefectsarenotdetectedusingthiscoveragestrength.Usingthistechniquelongtestsequencesaregeneratedanditissystematicallysampledatparticularcoveragestrength.Byusingcoveringarrayst-waycoveragestrengthisbeingmaintained,butanylengthtestsequencescanbegeneratedofatleastt.Acoveringarray,CA（N;t,k,v）,isanN×karrayonvsymbolswiththepropertythateveryN×tsub-arraycontainsallorderedsubsetsofsizetofthevsymbolsatleastonce.

AsshowninFigure2,InitiallyEIGmodeliscreatedwhichisthenpartitionedintogroupsofinteractingeventsandthenconstraintsareidentifiedandusedtogenerateabstractmodelfortesting.Longtestcasesaregeneratedusingcoveringarraysampling.Eventsequencesaregeneratedandexecuted.Ifanyeventinteractionismissed,thenregeneratetestcasesandrepeatthesteps.Thedisadvantagesareeventpartitionandidentifyingconstraintsaredonemanually.

2.3.DynamicAdaptiveAutomatedtestGeneration

XunYuanetal[5],suggestedanalgorithmtogeneratetestsuiteswithfewerinfeasibletestcasesandhighereventinteractioncoverage.DuetodynamicstatebasednatureofGUIs,itisnecessaryandimportanttogeneratetestcasesbasedonthefeedbackfromtheexecutionoftests.Theproposedframeworkusestechniquesfromcombinatorialinteractiontestingtogeneratetestsandbasisforcombinatorialinteractiontestingisacoveringarray.InitiallysmoketestsaregeneratedandthisisusedasaseedtogenerateEventSemanticInteraction（ESI）relationships.EventSemanticInteractionGraphisgeneratedfromESI.Iterativerefinementisdonethroughgeneticalgorithm.AninitialmodeloftheGUIeventinteractionsandaninitialsetoftestsequencesbasedonthemodelaregenerated.Thenabatchoftestcasesaregeneratedandexecuted.Codecoverageisdeterminedandunexecutabletestcasesareidentified.Oncetheinfeasibletestcasesareidentified,itisremovedandthemodelisupdatedandnewbatchoftestcasesaregeneratedandthestepsarefollowedtillalltheuncoveredESIrelationshipsarecovered.TheseautomatedtestcasegenerationprocessisshowninFigure3.ThisautomatedtestgenerationalsoprovidesvalidationforGUIs.

Thedisadvantagesareeventcontextsarenotincorporatedandneedcoverageandtestadequacycriteriatocheckhowtheseimpactsfaultdetection.

2.REPAIRINGTESTSUITES

SiHuangetal[6],proposedamethodtorepairGUItestsuitesusingGeneticalgorithm.NewtestcasesaregeneratedthatarefeasibleandGeneticalgorithmisusedtodeveloptestcasesthatprovideadditionaltestsuitecoveragebyremovinginfeasibletestcasesandinsertingnewfeasibletestcases.Aframeworkisusedtoautomaticallyrepairinfeasibletestcases.AgraphmodelsuchasEFG,EIG,ESIGandtherippedGUIstructureareusedasinput.ThemaincontrollerpassestheseinputstothetestcaseassemblerwhichthenpassestheESIGmodeltothecoveringarraygeneratoralongwiththestrengthoftesting.Thiscoveringarraygeneratorgeneratesaninitialsetofeventsequences.Thecoveringarrayinformationissendtotestcaseassembleranditassemblesthisintoconcretetestcases.Thesearepassedbacktothecontrollerandtestsuiterepairphasebegins.Feasibletestcasesarereturnedbytheframeworkoncetherepairphaseiscomplete.Geneticalgorithmisusedasarepairalgorithm.Aninitialsetoftestcasesareexecutedandifthereisnoinfeasibletestcases,itexitsandisdone.Ifinfeasibletestcasesarepresent,itthenbeginstherepairphase.Acertainnumberofiterationsaresetbasedonanestimateofhowlargetherepairedtestsuitewillbeallowedtogrowandforeachiterationthegeneticalgorithmisexecuted.Thealgorithmaddsbesttestcasetothefinaltestsuites.