英语六级真题含答案共3套.docx

英语六级真题含答案共3套.docx

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英语六级真题含答案共3套

2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）

SectionC

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Amongthegovernment’smostinterestingreportsisonethatestimateswhatparentsspendontheirchildren.Notsurprisingly,thecostsaresteep.Foramiddle-class,husband-and-wifefamily（averagepretaxincomein2009:

$76,250）,spendingperchildisabout$12,000ayear.Withinflationthefamily’sspendingonachildwilltotal$286,050byage17.

Thedrystatisticsoughttoinformtheongoingdeficitdebate,becauseabudgetisnotjustacatalogofprogramsandtaxes.Itreflectsasociety’sprioritiesandvalues.Oursocietydoesnot—despiterhetoric（说辞）tothecontrary—putmuchvalueonraisingchildren.Presentbudgetpoliciestaxparentsheavilytosupporttheelderly.Meanwhile,taxbreaksforchildrenaremodest.Ifdeficitreductionaggravatesthesebiases,moreAmericansmaychoosenottohavechildrenortohavefewerchildren.Downthatpathlieseconomicdecline.

Societiesthatcannotreplacetheirpopulationsdiscourageinvestmentandinnovation.Theyhavestagnant（萧条的）orshrinkingmarketsforgoodsandservices.Witholderpopulations,theyresistchange.Tostabilizeitspopulation—discountingimmigration—womenmusthaveanaverageoftwochildren.That’safertilityrateof2.0.Manycountrieswithstrugglingeconomiesarewellbelowthat.

Thoughhavingachildisadeeplypersonaldecision,it’sshapedbyculture,religion,economics,andgovernmentpolicy.“Noonehasagoodanswer”astowhyfertilityvariesamongcountries,sayssociologistAndrewCherlinofTheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ErodingreligiousbeliefinEuropemaypartlyexplainloweredbirthrates.InJapanyoungwomenmayberebellingagainsttheirmothers’isolatedlivesofchildrearing.Generaloptimismandpessimismcount.HopefulnessfueledAmerica’sbabyboom.AftertheSovietUnion’scollapse,saysCherlin,“anxietyforthefuture”depressedbirthratesinRussiaandEasternEurope.

Inpoorsocieties,peoplehavechildrentoimprovetheireconomicwell-beingbyincreasingthenumberoffamilyworkersandprovidingsupportsforparentsintheiroldage.Inwealthysocieties,thelogicoftenreverses.Governmentnowsupportstheelderly,diminishingtheneedforchildren.Bysomestudies,thesafetynetsforretireeshavereducedfertilityratesby0.5childrenintheUnitedStatesandalmost1.0inWesternEurope,reportseconomistRobertSteininthejournalNationalAffairs.Similarly,somecouplesdon’thavechildrenbecausetheydon’twanttosacrificetheirownlifestylestothelimeandexpenseofafamily.

YoungAmericansalreadyfaceableaklabormarketthatcannotinstill（注入）confidenceabouthavingchildren.Pilingonhighertaxeswon’thelp,“Ifhighertaxesmakeitmoreexpensivetoraisechildren,”saysNicholasEberstadtoftheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute,“peoplewillthinktwiceabouthavinganotherchild.”Thatseemslikecommonsense,despitethemultipleinfluencesonbecomingparents.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.Whatdowelearnfromthegovernmentreport?

A）Inflationincreasesfamilies’expenses.

B）Raisingchildrenisgettingexpensive.

C）Budgetreductioninaroundthecorner.

D）Averagefamilyexpenditureisincreasing.

57.Whatissaidtobetheconsequenceofashrinkingpopulation?

A）Weakenednationalstrength.C）Economicdownturn.

B）Increasedimmigration.D）Socialinstability.

58.WhataccountedforAmerica’sbabyboom?

A）Optimismforthefuture.C）Religiousbeliefs.

B）Improvedlivingconditions.D）Economicprosperity.

59.Whydopeopleinwealthycountriesprefertohavefewerchildren?

A）Theywanttofurtherimprovetheireconomicwell-being.

B）Theycannotaffordthetimeandexpensesofrearingchildren.

C）Theyareconcernedaboutthefutureofthecominggeneration.

D）Theydon’trelyontheirchildrentosupporttheminoldage.

60.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A）Toinstillconfidenceintheyoungaboutraisingchildren.

B）Toadvisecouplestothinktwicebeforehavingchildren.

C）Toencouragetheyoungtotakecareoftheelderly.

D）Toappealfortaxreductionforraisingchildren.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Spaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceofdreamers:

Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswherehumaningenuity（创造力）strugglestofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstsciencefictionstory,waswrittenbyCyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedforagoodthreecenturiesbeforethefirstmannedrocketsstartedtofly.

In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade’send,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.Theyresonated（共鸣）withoptimismandambitioninmuchthesamewayasthemostfamousdreamspeechofall,deliveredbyMartinLutherKingJr.twoyearslater.Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisionshadyieldedconcreteresultsandtransformedAmericansociety.Andyetinmanywaysthetwodreamsendedupatoddswitheachother.Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic（讲求实用的）andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.

Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamerslostout.Therewasnograndfollow-uptotheApollomissions.Thetechnologicallycompromisedspaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanend,withnosuccessor.Theperpetualargumentisthatfundsaretight,thatwehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederaldeficit,reachingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury—asifsavingone-thousandthofasingleyear’sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems.

Buthumaningenuitystruggleson.NASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetthemostbangfromabuck.TheywillserveasmodemMagellans,mappingoutthesolarsystemforwhateverexplorersfollow,whethermanormachine.Ontheflipside,companieslikeVirginGalacticareplottingabottom-upassaultonthespacedreambymakingitarealitytothepublic.Privatespaceflightcouldliewithinreachofrichciviliansinafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwoanditcouldgomainstream.

Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus—notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,orbecauseofthespin-offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeedoffeachother.BothMartinLutherKingandJohnKennedyappealedtotheideathathumanscantranscendwhatwereonceconsideredinherentlimitations.Todaywefaceseemingchallengesinenergy,theenvironment,healthcare.Tomorrowwewilltranscendtheseaswell,andthedreamerswilldeservealotofthecredit.Themoreevidencewecollectthatourspeciesiscapableofgreatness,themorewewillactuallyachieveit.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61.TheauthormentionsCyranodeBergeracinordertoshowthat_________.

A）imaginationisthemotherofinvention

B）ingenuityisessentialforsciencefictionwriters

C）ittakespatienceforhumanstorealizetheirdreams

D）dreamershavealwaysbeeninterestedinsciencefiction

62.HowdidthegeneralpublicviewKennedy’sspaceexplorationplan?

A）ItsymbolizedtheAmericanspirit.

B）Itwasasurgentasracialequality.

C）Itsoundedverymuchlikeadream.

D）Itmadeanancientdreamcometrue.

63.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica’saimtoexplorespace?

A）Itmaynotbringaboutimmediateeconomicgains.

B）Itcannotberealizedwithouttechnologicalinnovation.

C）Itwillnothelptherealizationofracialandeconomicequality.

D）Itcannotbeachievedwithoutagoodknowledgeoftheotherworlds.

64.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspaceprograms?

A）Critical.C）Unbiased.

B）Reserved.D）Supportive.

65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemsfacinghumanbeings?

A）Theyposeaseriouschallengetofuturehumanexistence.

B）Theycanbesolvedsoonerorlaterwithhumaningenuity.

C）Theirsolutionsneedjointeffortsofthepublicandprivatesectors.

D）Theycanonlybesolvedbypeoplewithoptimismandambition.

56~60BCADD61~65ACADB

2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TherewasatimenotlongagowhennewsciencePh.D.sintheUnitedStateswereexpectedtopursueacareerpathinacademia（学术界）.Buttoday,mostgraduatesendupworkingoutsideacademia,notonlyinindustrybutalsoincareerssuchassciencepolicy,communications,andpatentlaw.Partlythisisaresultofhowbleaktheacademicjobmarketis,butthere'salsoarisingawarenessofcareeroptionsthatPh.D.scientistshaven'ttrainedfordirectly—butforwhichtheyhaveusefulknowledge,skills,andexperience.Still,there'sahugedisconnectbetweenthewaywecurrentlytrainscientistsandtheactualemploymentopportunitiesavailableforthem,andanurgentneedfordramaticimprovementsintrainingprogramstohelpclosethegap.OnecriticalstepthatcouldhelptodrivechangewouldbetorequirePh.D.studentsandpostdoctoralscientiststofollowanindividualdevelopmentplan（IDP）.

In2002theU.S.FederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiologyrecommendedthateverypostdoctoralresearcherputtogetheranIDPmconsultationwithanadviser.Sincethen,severalacademicinstitutionshavebeguntorequireIDPsforpostdocsAndinJune,theU.S.NationalInstitutesofH