龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的 动力学分析研究.docx

龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的 动力学分析研究.docx

《龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的 动力学分析研究.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的 动力学分析研究.docx（98页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的动力学分析研究

广东工业大学硕士学位论文

（工学硕士）

龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的动力学分析研究

陈斯炮

二○○九年十二月

分类号：

学校代号：

11845

UDC：

密级：

学号：

2110601009

广东工业大学硕士学位论文

（工学硕士）

龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的动力学分析研究

陈斯炮

指导教师姓名、职称：

李锻能教授企业导师姓名、职称：

无

专业或领域名称：

机械制造及其自动化

学生所属学院：

机电工程学院

论文答辩日期：

二零零九年十二月

通过上述内容的研究，可以发现，用动力学方法对龙门五面体加工中心的关

I

广东工业大学硕士学位论文

键部件进行动态特性分析，能够尽早发现机床结构存在的问题，从而有针对性的

进行改进。

研究结果表明：

改进后横梁结构的静动刚度都有了明显提高，基本满足龙门五面体加工中心高刚度的设计要求，从而提高了机床的工作性能，这对缩短我国与国际在五面体加工中心设计水平上的差距有一定现实意义。

关键词：

五面体机床；虚拟建模；动力学分析；横梁部件；预拱结构

II

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Atpresent,highspeed,highprecision,highefficiencyandhighrigidityhasbecomethemaindirectionofdevelopingNCmachine.Thecommongantrymachineonlyrealizeonesideofprocessingpart,itneedstoloadaconvertingjointortransferprocessingsurfaceofpartandclampitagainwhenprocessingtheothersideofpart,whichleadtoincreasethelaborintensityofworker,anddecreaseprocessingefficiencyandprecision,itishardtomeetthedevelopmentofhighspeedmachining.Thegantryfive-sidedmachiningcenterismanufacturedinordertomakeupthedeficiencyofcommongantrymachine,itcanmachinefivesideofpartexcepttheclampingsidewhenaclamp,whichimproveprocessingprecisionandefficiencygreatly,moreover,decreaseprocessingcost,sothegantryfive-sidedmachiningcenterhasbecomekeystudyobjectinindustryofNCmachineatpresent.

Thegantryfive-sidedmachiningcenterhascomplicatedstructure,whosekeypartsneedhighstiffness,theinternallevelofmanufacturingitisfarlowerthanforeigncountries.Inordertosolvetheproblemoflowstiffnessthatexistindomesticmachiningcenter,thispapertakethegantryfive-sidedmachiningcenter（VMC23250）producedfromaNCmachinecompanyofGuangzhouasresearchobject,usingsoftwareofSolidWorkstothree-dimensionalmodelingandvirtualassemblingwithmainparts,andanalyzethekeypartswithkinetics.Accordingtothecalculatedstiffnessandperformanceevaluation,findingthedeficiencyofthemachineandoptimizedandimproveit,thenanalyzetheimprovedstructurefurtherandinordertotheoptimumresult.Thespecificcontentasfollows:

1．Basedontheanalyzedtheoryofkinetics,analyzingtheoreticalforceofkey

partsofmachine,providingreasonableboundaryconditionsandbasisforrigiditycalculation.

2．Basedonthestructureofgantryfive-sidedmachiningcenter,usingsoftware

ofSolidWorkstothree-dimensionalmodelingandvirtualassemblingwithmachine,andusingfiniteelementanalysissoftwareofCOSMOSWorkstoanalyzemechanical

III

广东工业大学硕士学位论文

propertiesofkeyparts,itsdeformationcharacteristics,naturalvibrationfrequencyandmainvibrationmodecanbeobtained.Thestabilityofmachinestructuresummarizedbyevaluatethestaticstiffnessofmachine.

3．Aimingattheproblemoflowstiffnessofbeamstructure,thispaperpresenta

novelbeamstructurethatisarchedpreloadingstructure.Moreover,analyzingthenovelbeamstructureandcomparedwiththepreviousone,thentheoptimaldynamicbeamstructureisobtained.

Accordingtothestudyofallabove,dynamicalanalyzingthegantryfive-sidedmachiningcenterwithkinetics,thenevaluatingthekeypartsofmachineandespeciallydynamiccharacteristicsofbeamstructure,findingthedeficiencyofmachineandimprovingit.Theresultsindicatedthat:

thestaticanddynamicstiffnessofimprovedstructurehasincreasedobviously,whichissatisfiedwiththerequirementofhighstiffnessofgantryfive-sidedmachiningcenter,thusensuringtheprocessingprecision,thisisimportanttonarrowthegapofleveldesigninggantryfive-sidedmachiningcenterbetweenourcountryandforeigncountries.

Keywords：

Pentahedralmachinetool；Virtualmodeling；Dynamicanalysis；

Beamparts；Archpreloadstructure

IV

摘要....................................................................................................................I

ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................III目录...................................................................................................................VCONTENTS.....................................................................................................VIII

第一章绪论.........................................................................................................1

1.1课题的研究背景和意义..............................................................................1

1.2国内外研究现状.........................................................................................3

1.2.1龙门加工中心的发展概述....................................................................3

1.2.2机床结构件的动力学研究....................................................................4

1.3课题来源和研究对象..................................................................................5

1.4论文的主要内容和研究路线.......................................................................7

第二章机床动力学分析理论...............................................................................9

2.1机床动力学分析的基本内容.......................................................................9

2.2有限元法的基本思想................................................................................10

2.2.1有限元的概念.....................................................................................10

2.2.2有限元法的基本思路..........................................................................11

2.2.3有限元分析的一般步骤......................................................................11

2.3机床结构的动力学分析理论.....................................................................14

2.3.1结构的动力方程.................................................................................15

2.3.2结构的固有频率和主振型..................................................................18

2.4本章小结..................................................................................................19

第三章龙门五面体加工中心的虚拟建模...........................................................20

3.1龙门五面体加工中心的结构特点..............................................................20

3.2龙门五面体加工中心的建模思路..............................................................21

3.3SolidWorks建模功能介绍..........................................................................22

3.4机床主要零部件的建模............................................................................23

3.4.1主轴箱...............................................................................................23

V

广东工业大学硕士学位论文

3.4.2横梁...................................................................................................23

3.4.3立柱...................................................................................................24

3.4.4其他零部件........................................................................................25

3.5机床虚拟样机的装配................................................................................26

3.6本章小结..................................................................................................28

第四章龙门五面体机床关键部件动力学分析....................................................29

4.1机床横梁最大工作载荷的确定.................................................................29

4.1.1机床横梁的受载简化..........................................................................29

4.1.2机床相关参数的确定..........................................................................30

4.1.3五面体机床横梁的受力分析...............................................................32

4.1.4作用在横梁工作线上的载荷...............................................................35

4.2COSMOSWorks有限元分析.......................................................................36

4.3机床主轴箱静动态分析............................................................................37

4.3.1主轴箱静力学分析.............................................................................37

4.3.2主轴箱动力学分析.............................................................................38

4.4机床横梁静动态分析................................................................................40

4.4.1横梁静力学分析.................................................................................40

4.4.2横梁动力学分析.................................................................................42

4.5机床横梁部件静动态分析.........................................................................44

4.5.1横梁部件静力学分析..........................................................................44

4.5.2横梁部件动力学分析..........................................................................45

4.6本章小结..................................................................................................47

第五章机床横梁预拱结构的设计与分析...........................................................48

5.1预拱结构的提出.......................................................................................48

5.2预拱结构的技术方案................................................................................51

5.3机床横梁预拱结构的研究.........................................................................52

5.3.1拱形横梁结构的设计..........................................................................52

5.3.2拱形横梁部件静动态分析..................................................................54

5.4拱形预紧结构的应用...................................................错误！

未定义书签。

5.5本章小结..................................................................................................67

VI

总结与展望........................................................................................