国际贸易实务练习题与答案Chapter 13.docx

国际贸易实务练习题与答案Chapter 13.docx

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国际贸易实务练习题与答案Chapter13

Chapter13

一．ChapterSummary

1.Linertransportistheimporttransportofcargoesfromoneseaporttoanotheralongregular

maritimeroutesaccordingtoaschedule.Linerratesusuallyincludethestevedoringchargesfor

loadingandunloading.

2.Linertransportfreightcoversbasicfreightandvariouskindsofsurcharges.Basicfreightmaybe

collectedaccordingtoweight,measurement,weightormeasurement,ad,val.,weight/measureorad

val.Surchargesincludebunkeradjustmentfactor,portsurcharges,transshipmentsurcharges,heavylift

andlonglengthadditional,etc.

3.Chartertransportisatrampservice,pickingupcargoonlywhenitischartered（hired）fromtheship

owner.Therearetwotypesofchartertransport’voyagecharterandtimecharter.

4.Underavoyage-charterparty,thevesselremainsunderthecontroloftheshipownerwhois

responsibleforequippingandmanningthevessel.Sometermsusedspeciallyinvoyagecharter-party

are:

linerterms,FI（FreeIn）,FO（FreeOut）,FIO（FreeInandOut）,laydays,dispatchmoneyand

demurrage.

5.Timechartermeanstheshipowneragreestocharteravesseltothecharterforaspecifiedperiodof

time.

6.Railtransportisamajormodeoftransportintermsofcapacity,onlysecondtooceantransport.Itis

popularinmultimodaltransportandtransshipmentandwidelyusedinlandbridges.

7.Airtransporthasthebenefitsoffasterdelivery,bettersecurity,lesspackagingandlowerinsurance,

thoughitisgenerallyperceivedasexpensive.Therearethreetypesofairtransportservices:

schedule

airline,charteredcarriers,andconsolidatedconsignmentsbyfreightforwarders.

8.Intermodaltransportinvolvesthetransportoffreightinanintermodalcontainerorvehicle,using

multiplemodesoftransport（rail,ship,andtruck）,withoutanyhandlingofthefreightitselfwhen

changingmodes.

9.Containerizationhastheadvantagesoflowingcharges,risksandimprovingefficiency.Themodes

ofcontainerservicesincludeCY/CY,CY/CFS,CFS/CYandFS/CFS.Containercapacityismeasured

intwenty-footequivalentunits（TEU,orsometimesteu）.Mostcontainerstodayareofthe40-ft

（12.2m）varietyandareknownas40-footcontainers.

10.Thethreefunctionsperformedbyabillofladingare:

receiptforthegoods,evidenceofthe

contractofcarriageanddocumentoftitletothegoods.Thereareanumberofdifferenttypesofbillof

ladingincludingshipped（onboard）B/L,receivedforshipmentB/L,cleanB/LanduncleanB/L,

straightB/L,blankB/LandorderB/L,directB/L,transshipmentB/L,throughB/L,linerB/L,

charter-partyB/L,containerB/L,longformB/L,shortformB/l,ondeck,B/L,staleB/L,ante-dated

B/LandadvancedB/L.

11.ThethreerulesgoverningbillofladingaretheHague,Hague-VisbyandHamburgRules,The

HagueRulesweregenerallywellreceivedandhavebeenadopted58maritimenations.Thereare

someweaknessoftheHagueRules.TheHague-VisbyRules1968madesomeimportantamendments

totheHagueRules.HamburgRulesdraftedin1978andcameintoforceonNovember1,1992,and

severalmajoramendmentsweremadeintheRules.

12.Seawaybillisreceiptorthegoods,anevidenceofcontractofcarriage,butitisnotadocumentof

title.Thefunctionsofairwaybillarethesameasseawaybill.Multimodaltransportdocuments

evidencethecontractofcarriageofgoodsbyatleasttwomodesoftransport.

13.Shipmentclauseusuallyincludestimeofshipment,port（place）ofshipmentanddestination,partial

shipmentandtransshipment,etc.

二．ReviewQuestions

A.Briefdefinetheconcepts

1.linertransport

2.voyagecharter

3.charter-party

4.laydays

5.dispatchmoney

6.demurrage

7.timecharter

8.landbridgetransport

9.Intermodaltransport（multimodaltransport）

10.Billoflading

11.shippedB/L

12.ReceivedforshipmentB/L

13.CleanB/L

14.uncleanB/L

15.straightB/L

16.blankB/L

17.orderB/L

18.blankendoresment

19.directB/L

20.transshipmentB/L

21.throughB/L

22.LinerB/L

23.charterpartyB/L

24.containerB/L

25.longformB/L（orblankbackB/L）

27.OndeckB/L

28.staleB/L

29.ante-datedB/L

30,advancedB/L

31.seawaybill

32.Airwaybill

B.Questionsandproblems

1.WhatarethefunctionsperformedbyoceanBs/L?

2.Ininternationaltrade,whydotheimporterusuallyrequiretheexportertoprovide"cleanonboard

B/Lmadeouttoorderandblankendorsed"?

3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweena"throughB/L"anda"multimodaltransportdocument"?

4.Whatisthevirtueofcontainerization?

C.Multiple-choicequestions

1.Themostcommonlyusedmodeoftransportininternationaltradeis______

a.airtransport.b.roadtransportc.oceantransportd.railwaytransport

2.Ifanitemismarkedwith"M"inthetariff,thethelinerrateforthisitemiscollectedon____

a.itsunit.b.itsweightc.itscapacityd.itsmeasurem