英语语言学课后答案.docx

英语语言学课后答案.docx

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英语语言学课后答案

英语语言学课后答案

【篇一：

英语语言学9到11单元课后答案】

i.decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:

1.themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent.

2.bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication

3.maximofquantityrequiresonetoprovideasmuchinformationaspossible.

4.inordertobepolite,oneneedstocooperateinallpossibleways.

5.everynormalspeakerneedstomindhisownandothers’face.

6.politenessisamatterofdegree.

7.culturesvaryasfaraspolitenessissuesareconcerned.

8.“donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse”fallsintothemaximofquality.

9.“toavoidobscurity”belongstothemaximofrelation.

10.“makeyourcontributionsuchasisrequired,atthestageatwhichitoccurs,bytheacceptedpurposeofthetalkexchangeinwhichyouareengaged.”thiswassaidbyg.n.leech.

1.f2.f3.f4f5t6t7t8t9.f10.f

iii.therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

1._________doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.a.pragmaticsb.semanticsc.senserelationd.concept

2.whichofthefollowingistrue?

a.utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.

b.someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.

c.noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.

d.allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.

3.__________isadvancedbypaulgricea.cooperativeprincipleb.politenessprinciple

c.thegeneralprincipleofuniversalgrammard.adjacencyprinciple

4.whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted,_______mightarise.

a.impolitenessb.contradictions

c.mutualunderstandingd.conversationalimplicatures

5.whichofthefollowingutterancesbelowisperformative?

a.icommandyoutoputoutthatcigarette.b.iwarnedyounottogo.

c.putyourtoysawayd.ienvyyou

1.a2.b3.a4.d5.a

unit10thevarietiesofenglish（i）

i.decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:

1.languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.

2.thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationship

toorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.

3.languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother,fromoneregionalgrouptoanother,fromonesocialgroupto

another,andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.

4.thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeech

communitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.

5.thelinguisticmarkersthatcharacterizeindividualsocialgroupsmayserveassocialmarkersofgroupmembership.

6.theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusually

long-lasting.

7.sociolinguisticsisthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudiessocialcontexts.

8.twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.

9.geographicalbarriersaretheonlysourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.

10.aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures

1.f2.t3.t4.t5.f6.f7.f8.f9.f10.f

iii.therearefourgivenchoicesforeachstatementbelow.markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

1.themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething_______intraditionalsemantics.

a.contextualb.behaviouristicc.intrinsicd.logical

2._______arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituation.

a.slangb.addresstermsc.registersd.educationvarieties

3.________isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.

a.regionalvariationb.languagevariationc.socialvariationd.registervariation

backgrounds.

a.linguafrancab.registerc.creoled.nationallanguage

5.although_______aresimplifiedlanguageswithreducedgrammaticalfeatures,theyarerule-governed,likeanyhuman

language.

a.vernacularlanguagesb.creolesc.pidginsd.sociolects

6.probablythemostwidespreadandfamiliarethnicvarietyoftheenglishlanguageis_______.

a.britishenglishb.americanenglishc.blackenglishd.australianenglish

7.innormalsituations,____speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheir____counterpartswiththesamesocial

background.

a.female;maleb.male;femalec.old;youngd.young;old

8._______isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.

a.psycholinguisticsb.sociolinguisticsc.historicallinguisticsd.generallinguistics

9._______inaperson’sspeech,orwriting,usuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualtoformalaccordingtothetype

ofcommunicativecontext.

a.regionalvariationb.socialvariationc.stylisticvariationd.idiolectalvariation

10._________meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernment,chooseaparticularspeechvariety,standardizeit

andspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.

a.languageinterferenceb.languagechanges

c.languageplanningd.languagetransfer

1.c2.c3.a4.a5.c6.c7.a8.b9d10.c

unit11thevarietiesofenglish（ii）

i.decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:

1.inthemostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.

2.aregionalvarietyofalanguageisintrinsicallyinferiortothestandardvarietyofthatlanguage.

3.thestandardizationofaparticulardialectinrelationtooneormorevernacularsistheresultofadeliberategovernmentpolicy.

4.apidginisnotanativelanguageofaparticularregion.

5.whenabilingualspeakerswitchesbetweenthetwolanguagesconcerned,heisconvertingonemodeofthinkingintotheother.

6.themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary

7.thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.

8.alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.

9.apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.

10.african-americanvernacularenglishisaninferiordialectofenglish.

11.pidginenglishnolongerexiststoday.

12.somepeoplespeakacreoleastheirmothertongue.

13.britishenglishandamericanenglishareidenticalingrammarbutdifferentinvocabulary.

l.f2.f3.f4.t5.f6.f7.f8.f9.t10.f11.f12.t.13.f

iii.therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

1._______arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.

a.geographicalbarriers

b.loyaltytoandconfidenceinone’snativespeech

c.physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange

d.socialbarriers

2.alinguistic____referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythepolitesocietyfromgeneraluse.a.slang

b.euphemismc.jargond.taboo

3._______isnotatypicalexampleofofficialbilingualism.

a.canadab.finlandc.belgiumd.germany

4.inaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommon_______--alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.a.sociallyb.linguisticallyc.culturallyd.pragmatically

5._______isdefinedasanyregionallyorsociallydefinablehumangroupidentifiedbysharedlinguisticsystem.a.aspeechcommunityb.aracec.asocietyd.acountry

6.themostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenamericanenglishandbritishenglisharein_______andvocabulary.a.diglossia

b.bilingualismc.pidginizationd.blending

7._______isacausaluseoflanguagethatconsistsofexpressivebutnonstandardvocabulary,typicallyofarbitrary,flashyandoftenephemeralcoinagesandfiguresofspeech.a.languagetaboob.slangc.addresstermsd.registervariety

iii.therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

1._______arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.

a.geographicalbarriers

b.loyaltytoandconfidenceinone’snativespeech

c.physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange

d.socialbarriers

2.alinguistic____referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythepolitesocietyfromgeneraluse.a.slang

b.euphemismc.jargond.taboo

3._______isnotatypicalexampleofofficialbilingualism.a.canadab.finlandc.belgiumd.germany

4.inaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommon_______--alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.a.sociallyb.linguisticallyc.culturallyd.pragmatically

5._______isdefinedasanyregionallyorsociallydefinablehumangroupidentifiedbysharedlinguisticsystem.a.aspeechcommunityb.aracec.asocietyd.acountry

6.themostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenamericanenglishandbritishenglisharein_______andvocabulary.a.diglossia

b.bilingualismc.pidginizationd.blending

7._______isacausaluseoflanguagethatconsistsofexpressivebutnonstandardvocabulary,typicallyofarbitrary,flashyandoftenephemeralcoinagesandfiguresofspeech.a.languagetaboob.slangc.addresstermsd.registervariety

【篇二：

《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版课后习题答案chapter8】

ty

1.howislanguagerelatedtosociety?

答：

therearemanyindicationsoftheinter-relationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.oneofthemisthatwhilelanguageisprincipallyusedtocommunicatemeaning,itisalsousedto