MBA专业术语汇总.docx

MBA专业术语汇总.docx

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MBA专业术语汇总

MBA专业术语汇总

A

Abilitytopayprinciple能力纳税原则

Theideathattaxesshouldbeleviedonapersonaccordingtohowwellthatpersoncanshouldertheburden

Absoluteadvantage绝对优势

Thecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheirproductivity

Aggregatedemandcurve总需求曲线

Acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthathouseholds,firms,andthegovernmentwanttobuyatanypricelevel

Aggregatesupplycurve总供给曲线

Acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthatfirmschoosetoproduceandsellatanylevel

Appreciation升值

Anincreaseinthevalueofacurrencyasmeasuredbytheamountofforeigncurrencyitcanbuy

Automaticstabilizers自动稳定器

Changesinfiscalpolicythatstimulateaggregatedemandwhentheeconomygoesintoarecessionwithoutpolicymakershavingtotakeanydeliberateaction

Averagefixedcost平均固定本钱

Fixedcostsdividedbythequantityofoutput

Averagerevenue平均收益

Totalrevenuedividedbythequantitysold

Averagetaxrate平均税率

Totaltaxespaiddividedbytotalincome

Averagetotalcost平均总本钱

Totalcostdividedbythequantityofoutput

Averagevariablecost平均可变本钱

Variablescostsdividedbythequantityofoutput

Accelerator加速数

theeffectonGDPoftheincreaseininvestmentthatresultsfromanincreaseinoutput.Forinstance,thegreateroutputleadsafirmtobelievethatthedemandforitsproductswillriseinthefuture;theresultingincreaseininvestmentleadstogrowthinoutputandstillfurtherincreasesininvestment,acceleratingtheexpansionoftheeconomy

Acquiredendowments后天禀赋

resourcesacountrybuildsforitself,likeanetworkofroadsoraneducatedpopulation

Adaptiveexpectations适应性预期

expectationsbasedontheextrapolationofeventsintherecentpastintothefuture

aggregateexpendituresschedule总支出曲线

acurvethattracesouttherelationshipbetweenexpendituresthesumofconsumption,investment,governmentexpenditures,andnetexportsandthenationalincome,atafixedpricelevel

antitrustlaws反托拉斯法

lawsthatdiscouragemonopolyandrestrictivepracticesandencouragegreatercompetition

arbitrage套利

theprocessbywhichassetswithcomparablerisk,liquidity,andtaxtreatmentarepricedtoyieldcomparableexpectedreturns

adverseselection逆向选择

principlethatsaysthatthosewhomostwanttobuyinsurancetendtobethosemostatrisk,butchargingahighpriceforinsurance（tocoverthehighrisk）willdiscouragethoseatlessriskfrombuyinginsuranceatall

asset资产

anyitemthatislonglived,purchasedfortheserviceitrendersoveritslifeandforwhatonewillreceivewhenonesellsit

assistanceinkind实物援助

publicassistancethatprovidesparticulargoodsandservices,likefoodormedicalcare,ratherthancash

asymmetricinformation信息不对称

asituationinwhichthepartiestoatransactionhavedifferentinformation,aswhenthesellerorausedcarhasmoreinformationaboutitsqualitythenthebuyer

autonomousconsumption自主消费

thatpartofconsumptionthatdoesnotdependonincome

averagecosts平均本钱

thetotalcostsdividedbythetotaloutput

averageproductivity平均产量

totalquantitydividedbythetotalquantityofinput

B

Benefitsprinciple受益原则

Theideathatpeopleshouldpaytaxesbasedonthebenefitstheyreceivefromgovernmentservices

Bond债券

Acertificateofindebtedness

Budgetconstraint预算约束

Thelimitontheconsumptionbundlesthataconsumercanafford

Budgetdeficit预算赤字

Anexcessofgovernmentspendingovergovernmentreceipts

Budgetsurplus预算盈余

Anexcessofgovernmentreceiptsovergovernmentspendin

barrierstoentry进入障碍

factorsthatpreventfirmsfromenteringamarket,suchasgovernmentrulesorpatents

basiccompetitivemodel基本竞争模型

themodeloftheeconomythatpullstogethertheassumptionsofselfinterestedconsumers,profitmaximizingfirms,andperfectlycompetitivemarkets

bequestsavingsmotive储蓄的遗产动机

peoplesavesothattheycanleaveaninheritancetotheirchildren

Bertrandcompetition伯特兰竞争

anoligopolyinwhicheachfirmbelievesthatitsrivalsarecommittedtokeepingtheirpricesfixedandthatcustomerscanbeluredawaybyofferinglowerprices

bilateraltrade双边贸易

tradebetweentwoparties

boom繁荣

aperiodoftimewhenresourcesarebeingfullyusedandGDPisgrowingsteadily

C

Capital资本

Theequipmentandstructuresusedtoproducegoodsandservices

Capitalflight资本外流

Alargeandsuddenreductioninthedemandforassetslocatedinacountry

Cartel卡特尔

Agroupoffirmsactinginunison

Catchupeffect追赶效应

Thepropertythatcountriesthatstartoffpoortendtogrowmorerapidlythancountriesthatstartoffrich

Centralbank中央银行

Aninstitutiondesignedtooverseethebankingsystemandregulatethequantityofmoneyintheeconomy

Ceterisparibus其它条件相同

ALatinphrase,translatedas'otherthingsbeinge