托业听力提高方法.docx

托业听力提高方法.docx

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托业听力提高方法

AsmostpeoplefindTOEIClisteningPartOneaneasyplacetopickuppointsanditcomesatthebeginningoftheexamandsocangiveyouconfidencefortherestofthetest,itiswellworthspendingsometimeandeffortthinkingabouthowyoucangetthemostoutofit.Beloware100ideasonhowyoucanimproveyourscoreintheshortandlongterm,mostofwhichyoucandoonyourownoutsideofclass:

1.Concentrateonyourpronunciation.Morethansentencesthatyouwouldnotunderstandifyoureadthem,mostpeoplehaveproblemswithsentencesintheexamthattheywouldunderstandiftheycouldreadthemcarefullybuthavetroubleunderstandingquicklywhenlisteningtothemfromanativespeakerspeakingatnaturalspeed.WorkingonyourownpronunciationisthebestwayofmakingsureyourecognizeEnglishwordsandsentenceswhenyouhearthemintheTOEICexam.

2.Buyanelectronicdictionarythatspeaks.IfyoucangetadictionarythathasdifferentaccentsyoucanalsousethattomakesureyouarefamiliarwithAmericanaccents（mostofthetest）orBritishandAustralianaccents（somepartsofthetestthatpeoplewhohaveonlystudiedAmericanEnglishcanfinddifficult）.

3.Learnhomonyms.Homonymsarewordsthathavethesamespellingandpronunciationbuttotallydifferentmeanings,andsohavedifferententriesinadictionary.ThesearesometimesusedintheexamtotryandfoolyouintochoosingthewronganswerinListeningPartOne.Youcanfindlistsofhomonymsontheinternet,andlearningthemorecommononescanalsobeagoodwayoflearningsimilarwordsthatyoudidn'tknow.

4.Learnhomophones.Sometimesaquestionwilltrytofoolyoubyusingawordwiththesamepronunciationbutadifferentmeaninginthatsentencetothethingyoucanseeinthepicture.Bylearningwordsthatsoundthesamebuthavedifferentspellingsyoucanmakesureyourecognizeeachwordinitscontextinthesentence.Learningwordsthiswaycanalsohelpyougetthepronunciationexactlyright.

5.Practiceminimalpairs.Asimilartrickistohaveawrongsentencethathasawordinitthathasasimilarbutdifferentpronunciationtosomethinginthepicture,e.g."first"and"fast".Practisingthepronunciationofthesepairsofsimilarwordswillalsohelpwithyourgenerallisteningcomprehensionandspeaking.

6.Countthesyllables.Aslearningthesoundsofalanguagecantakealongtimeandbedifficultwithoutateacherand/orspecialsoftware,agoodwaytostartimprovingyourpronunciationandsolisteningcomprehensionistocounthowmanysyllables（beats）thereareineverywordyoulearn.Youcanthencheckinyourdictionaryandtrysayingthewordwiththatmanybeats.Youcanmarkthenumberofsyllablesoneachwordbydrawingalittlecircleabovethevowelofeachone.

7.Learnwordstress.Thenextstageistolearnwhichofthesesyllablesispronouncedlongerandlouderthantheothers.Again,youcantryandguessthisfromreadingorlisteningtothewordandthencheckitinyourdictionary.Youcanwritethisdownbymakingthecircleabovethestressedsyllablebiggerthantheothers,orjustunderliningthestressedsyllable.Ifyouwritewordswiththesamenumberofsyllablesandthesamestressedsyllabledowninalist,thiscanhelpyoupracticeandlearnthem.

8.Learnthephonemicscript.ThefinalstageinlearningthepronunciationofEnglishwordsandthereforemakingsureyouunderstandthemwhenyouhearthemiswritingthepronunciationofthewholeworddown.Theonlywayofdoingthisaccuratelyistousethespecial"phonemicscript"symbols（ifyouusethespellingofyourownlanguagetodoityouwillnotbeabletowritedownthedifferencebetweenminimalpairs）.Asthiscantakesometimetolearn,youcanstartbyjusttryingtowritetheonedifficultsoundofeachworddownandthencheckifyouhaveusedthecorrectsymbolwithyourdictionary.

9.Practiceshortforms.Asallthevoicesinthetextareusingnaturalspeedandrhythm,youwillveryrarelyhearfullformslike"Iam"or"Iwouldhavedone",butrathershortformslike"I'm"or"Iwould'vedone".Usingthesewhenyouarespeakingcanimproveyourfluencyandstopitseeminglikeyouareoverstressingwhatyouaresaying,butmoreimportantlywillmakesureyoucanunderstandthoseformswhenyouhearanativespeakerusingthem.

10.Learnconnectedspeech/howwordsconnecttogether.Nowyouhavelearnttheshortformsofgrammaticalverbs,inordertounderstandfast,naturalspeechyouwillneedtolookathowotherwordsarechangedwhentheyarespokennexttootherwords.Theeasiestonetounderstandishowaconsonant（b,c,d,fetc.）attheendofonewordjoinswithavowel（a,e,i,oetc.）atthebeginningofanother,e.g.thewords"betweenus"whenspokenatnaturalspeedcansoundlike"betweenus".YoucanpracticethisandseehowitaffectsaTOEICexamlisteningbymarkingtheplacesonthetapescriptwhereyouthinkthishappenswithaloopbetweenthewordsandthenlistenandreadtocheck.

11.Learnandpracticesentencestress.Thenextstageistolookathowthewholesentencesoundstogether.Oneoftheeasiestwaysofdoingthat,whichisalsooneofthebestwaysofpractisingit,istomarkonasentencewhichwordsarepronouncedtheloudestandlongestandtopracticesayingthesentenceswiththatnaturalrhythm.

12.Learnweakformsofwords.Nowyouknowwhichwordsarepronouncedloudlyandclearly,tryandlistentohowthesmallergrammarwordsbetweenthemarepronouncedinfastnaturalspeech.Forexample,when"at"isnotstressedinasentence（whichismostofthetime,asitisagrammarwordthatdoesn'toftengiveyoumuchinformation）,itsoundsmorelike"ert".Weakformslikethisareusuallygiveninyourdictionary,somakesureyoulookatallthepronunciationinformationwhenyoulearnanewword.

13.Recordyourownvoice.NowyouunderstandhowandwhysentencessounddifferenttoindividualwordsinEnglishandsoaremoredifficulttounderstand,bypractisingproducingsentenceslikeanativespeakerwouldsaythemyoucanmakesurethatyourecognisethewordsyouknowwhenyouheartheminthetest.Ifyoudon'twanttobuyadigitalvoicerecorder,youmightfindthatyoucanuseamobilephone,MP3player（e.g.iPod）,cassetterecorderorcomputerandmicrophonerecordyourselfandlistenbackon.Obviously,thebestsentencestopracticewitharerealexamsentences.

14.BuyapronunciationpracticeCDROM.SomelanguagelearningCDROMscomewithheadphonesandamicrophoneandclaimtobeabletoanalyseyourvoiceandtellyouhowwellyouarepronouncinginEnglish.Althoughthescoressuchprogrammesgiveyouareactuallyveryunreliable,theprocessofsayingthesamewordorexpressionoverandoveragaintotryandmatchingthewavepatternonthescreenisgoodpronunciationpractice.

15.Listenandreadandrepeat.Aswellasreadingsentencesfromthetapescriptwiththerhythmandpronunciationyouhavewrittenonit,youcantryrepeatingthesentenceandrecordingyourvoicejustafterhearingtheexamversion.Ifthethingyouareplayingtherecordingonandthethingyouarerecordingyourvoiceonaredifferent（e.g.aCDplayeranddigitalvoicerecorder）,youshouldbeabletorecordtheexamversionandyourvoiceoneaftertheotherandtryandlistenfordifferenceswhenyouplayitback.

16.Shadowreading.Avariationontheactivityabovethatisreallygoodforspeakingandunderstandingatnaturalspeedandwithnaturalrhythmisactuallytryingtospeakatthesametimeasthetape,sayingeachstressedsyllableatexactlythesametimeasthevoiceonthetape.Beforeyoustartspeaking,youwillneedtolistenafewtimesandtryandrememberwherethestressedsyllablesareorwritethemontothetapescript.

17.Listenandrepeat.Astepupindifficultyistolistenoverandovertoonesentenceandtrytorepeatthewholethingwithoutlookingatthetapescript.Whenyourideaofwhatthewholesentenceisisn'tchanging,youcancheckwiththetapescriptandthenlistenafewmoretimeswithyourbookclosed.

18.Listenandwriteandrepeat.Thisissimilartotheactivityabovebutpossiblyalittleeasierasyoutrytowritethewholesentencedownasyoulistentoitafewtimes,likeadictation.Whenyouhavecheckedyouranswers,youcanthendosomespeakingpracticewithit.

19.Buildupthecorrectlypronouncedsentencefromtheend.Althoughitmayseemstrange,ratherthanstartingatthebeginningwhenyoutrytopronounceasentencewithnaturalsounds,rhythmandspeed,itisactuallyeasierifyoustartfromtheend.Forexample,forthesentence"Themanissteppingontothebus",itiseasiesttopronounceitbysaying"bus",andthen"thebus",andthen"ontothebus",untilyouhavebuiltupthewholesentence.

20.MakesentencesabouteverythingyouaredoinginEnglishthroughoutyourday.AsmostsentencesinTOEICListeningPartOnearedescriptionsofthingspeoplearedoing,bytryingtomakeEnglishsentencesinyourheaddescribingwhatyouaredoing（"Iamsittingonabus","Iamopeningupmylaptop"）andwhatpeoplearoundyouaredoing（"Themanwearingahatiscarryingapackage"）,youcanpracticethislanguageanytimeyouareoutandaboutinthestreet.Ifyouareinacaféorsittingonabus,youcanalsowritethosesentencesdown.

21.Labelthepicture.Apartfrombeingcaughtoutbythepronunciation,thebiggestproblemstudentshavewiththeTOEICListeningexamiswithwordstheydon'tknow.YoucanreducethisproblembylookingatthephotosinaTOEICListeningpracticeexamandlabellingallthethingsyoucanseeinthepicture（e.g.lift,button,liftdoor,briefcase）.Aftertryingonyour