视听说听力原文lesson113.docx

视听说听力原文lesson113.docx

《视听说听力原文lesson113.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《视听说听力原文lesson113.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

视听说听力原文lesson113

Lesson1Napoleon

Today,I'mgoingtotalktoyouaboutoneofthemostimportanthistoricalfiguresinEuropeanhistory:

NapoleonBonaparte.Letbytalkingabouthisearlylife.Napoleonwasbornin1769ontheislandofCorsica.Whenhewasonly10yearsold,hisfathersenthimtomilitaryschoolinFrance.Napoleonwasnotaverygoodstudentinmostofhisclasses,butheexcelledinmathematicsandmilitaryscience.Whenhewas16yearsold,hejoinedtheFrencharmy.Inthatyear1785,hebeganthemilitarycareerthatwouldbringhimfame,power,richesandfinallydefeat.NapoleonbecameageneralintheFrencharmyattheyoungageof24.NapoleonhadmanyvictoriesonthebattlefieldbuthealsobecameinvolvedinFrenchlawandpolitics.Andin1804,attheageof35,hebecamethefirstemperoroftheFrance.

Napoleonwasmanythings.Hewas,firstofall,abrilliantmilitaryleader.Hissoldierswerereadytodieforhim.Asaresult,N.wonmanymilitaryvictories.AtonetimehecontrolledmostofEurope,butsomecountries,includingEngland,Russia,andAustriafoughtfiercelyagainsthim.Hisdefeat—“hisend”camewhenhedecidedtoattackRussia.InthismilitarycampaignagainstRussia,helostmostofhisarmy.

ThegreatFrenchconquerordiedalone-desertedbyhisfamilyandfriendsin1821.Napoleonwasonly51yearsoldwhenhedied.

Lesson2Pompeii

ThelectureforthisclassisaboutthecityofPompeii.Anaturaldisasteroccurredtherealmost2000yearsago.

Todaymanyrichpeoplewholiveinlargemetropolitanareassuchas

Beijing,ParisandNewYorkleavethecityinthesummer.Theygotothemountainsortotheseashoretoescapethecitynoiseandheat.

2,000yearsago,wealthyRomansdidthesamething.TheyleftthecityofRomeinthesummer.ManyofthesewealthyRomansspenttheirsummersinthecityofPompeii,abeautifulcity,locatedontheBayofNaples.

Inthesummeroftheyear79C.E.,ayoungRomanboywholaterbecameaveryfamousRomanhistorianwasvisitinghisuncleinP..TheboynamewasPlinytheYounger.OnedayPlinywaslookingupatthesky.

Hesawafrighteningsight.Itwasaverylargedarkcloud.Thisblackcloudrosehighintothesky.WhatPlinysawwastheeruptionofthevolcanocalledMountVesuvius.Rockandashflewthroughtheair.ThecityofP.wasatthefootofMt.V..Whenthevolcanofirsterupted,many

peoplewereabletogetoutofthecityandtoescapedeath.Infact,18,000peopleescapedtheterribledisaster.Unfortunately,therewasnotenoughtimeforeveryonetoescape.Morethan2,000peopledied.Theseuniuckypeoplewereburiedaliveunderthevolcanicash.Theeruptionlastedforabout3days.Whentheeruptionwasover,P.wasburiedunder20feetofvolcanicrockandash.ThecityofP.wasforgottenforalmost1,700years.

Intheyearof1748anItalianfarmerwasdiggingonhisfarm.Ashewasdigging,heuncoveredapartofawalloftheancientcityofP..Soonarchaeologistsbegantodiginthearea.Astimewentby,muchoftheancientcityofP.wasuncovered.TodaytouristscomefromallovertheworldtoseetheruinsofthefamouscityofPompeii.

Lesson4RollerCoaster

Let'stalkaboutthephysicsinvolvedinarideonarollercoaster.I'msuremanyofyouhavetakenarideonarollercoaster.Asimplerollercoasterconsistsofaframewithatrackonit.Thetrackisverymuchlikeatraintrack,thistrackgoesoveraseriesofhillsandaroundcurves.Itfollowsapaththatendsatthesameplaceitstarted.Atrainofcars

travelsaroundonthistrack,veryfast.Thecarshavetwosetsofwheels.Onesetofwheelsrollsontopofthetrack,andtheotherssetofwheelsrollsbelowthetrack.Thewheelsbelowthetrackkeepthefastmovingcarsfromcomingoffthetrack,rollercoastercarsasyouprobablyknowdon'thaveanymotorsorengines.Instead,achainpullsthecarsupthefirst,tallestandsteepystaffhill,thisishowtheridebegins.Then,atthetopofthehillthechaincomesoffthecarsandgravitytakesover.gravitypushesthecarsdowntheothersideofthehill.thetallerandsteeperthefirsthillis,thefastertheridewillbe.Andthefartherthecarswilltravel.asthecarsrolleddownhilltheygainedspeed.thecarshaveenoughspeedandenergytosendthemupthenexthill.asthecarsnearthetopofthesecondhilltheybegintoslowdown.butthen,thecarsreachedthetopofthathill,andstartdowntheotherside.gravityagainpushesthemtowardtheground.thisprocessrepeatsoneachhale.Okay,solet'sgooverthisprocessagain.first,thecarsarepulledbyachainupthefirsthighesthill.thentheygodownaverysteepslope,atthispoint,thereisenoughenergytopullthecarsupandoverthenexthill.whentheyreachedthebottomofthathill,thereisenoughenergytoclimbthenexthill,therollercoastercarsloseenergyastheridecontinues.so,thehillshavetobesmallertowardtheendofthetrack,finallywerolltoastopongroundlevelrightwherewebegan.

Lesson5Language:

HowChildrenAcquireTheirs

WhatI'lietotalktoyouabouttodayisthetopicofchildIanguagedevelopment.Iknowthatyouallaretryingtodevelopasecond

Ianguage,butforamoment,let'sthinkaboutarelatedtopic,andthatis:

HowchildrendeveloptheirfirstIanguage

WhatdoweknowabouthowbabiesdeveloptheirIanguageandcommunicationability?

Well,weknowbabiesareabletocommunicateassoonastheyareborn,evenbeforetheylearntospeaktheirfirst

Ianguage.Atfirst,theycommunicatebycrying.Thiscryingletstheiparentsknowwhentheyarehungry,orunhappy,oruncomfortable.However,theysoonbegintheprocessofacquiringtheirIanguage.ThefirststateofIanguageacquisitionbeginsjustafewweeksafterbirth.Atthisstage,babiesstarttomakecooingnoiseswhentheyarehappy.Then,aroundfourmonthsofagetheybegintobabble.Babiesallovertheworldbegintobabblearoundthesameage,andtheyallbegintomakethesamekindsofbabblingnoises.Now,bythetimetheyaretenmonthsold,however,thebabblingofbabiesfromdifferentIanguagebackgroundssoundsdifferent.Forexample,thebabblingofababyinaChinese-speakinghomesoundsdifferentfromthebabblingofababyinanEnglish-speakinghome.BabiesbeginanewstageofIanguagedevelopmentwhentheybegintospeaktheirfirstwords.Atfirst,theyinventtheirownwordsforthings.Forexample,ababyinanEnglish-speakinghomemaysay—babaIIfortheword—bottleIIor—kikiIIfor—cat.IInthenextfewmonths,babieswillacquirealotofwords.Thesewordsareusuallythenamesofthingsthatareinthebaby'senvironment,wordsforfoodortoys,forexample.Theywillbegintousethesewordstocommunicatewithothers.Forexample,ifababyholdsupanemptyjuicebottleandthensays—juice,Itohisfatherthebabyseemstobesaying,—Iwantmorejuice,DaddyIIor—MayIhavemorejuice,Daddy?

IThisword—juiceIIisreallyaone-wordsentence.

Now,thenextstageofIanguageacquisitionbeginsaroundtheageof18months,whenthebabiesbegintosaytwo-wordsentences.Theybegintouseakindofgrammartoputthesewordstogether.Thespeechtheyproduceiscalled—telegraphicIspeechbecausethebabiesomitalbutthemostessentialwords.AnEnglish-speakingchildmightsaysomethinglike—Daddy,upIIwhichactuallycouldmean—Daddy,pickmeup,please.IThen,betweentwoandthreeyearsofage,youngchildrenbegintolearnmoreandmoregrammar.Forexample,theybegintousethepasttenseofverbs.Thechildrenbegintosaythingssuchas—IwalkedhomeIIand—IkissedMommy.IITheyalsobegintoovergeneralizethisnewgrammarruleandmakealogofgrammarmistakes.Forexample,childrenoftensaysuchthinsas—IgoedtobedIIinsteadof—Iwenttobed,Ior—IeatedicecreamIIinsteadof—Iateicecream.IInotherwords,thechildrenhavelearnedthepasttenseruleforregularverbssuchas—walkIIand—kiss,Ibuttheyhaven'tlearnedthattheycannotusethisruleforallverbs.Someverbslike—eatIIareirregular,andthepasttenseformsforirregularverbsmustbelearnedindividually.Anyway,thesemistakesarenormal,andthechildrenwillsoonlearntousethepasttenseforregularandirregularverbscorrectly.Thechildrenthencontinuetolearnothergrammaticalstructuresinthesameway.

Ifwestoptothinkaboutit,actuallyit'squiteamazinghowquicklybaandchildrenallovertheworldlearntheirIanguageandhowsimilartheprocessisforbabiesallovertheworld.

DoyourememberanythingabouthowyoulearnedyourfirstIanguage

duringtheearlyyearsofyourlife?

Thinkabouttheprocessforaminute

Whatwasyourfirstword?

Wasit——mamaIIormaybe——papaI?

NowthinkalsoabouttheprocessoflearningEnglishasasecond

Ianguage.CanyourememberthefirstwordyoulearnedinEnglish?

Idoubtthatitwas——mama.IINow,thinkaboutsomeofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesinvoIvedintheprocessesofchildandadultIanguagelearning.We'lltalkaboutsomesimilaritiesanddifferencesinthefirstandsecondIanguagelearningprocessestomorrow.Seeyouthen.

Lesson7Robots

Whenpeoplethinkaboutarobot,theyoftenpictureamachinethatlookssomethinglikeahumanbeing.However,tha'notalwaysthecase.Mostrobotsdonotlookmuchlikeahumanbeingatall,theylooklikemachinesbecausethat'whatmostofthemare-industrialmachines.

Today,'moingtotalkmostlyaboutindustrialrobotsusedinindustry.

Thesearerobotsthatdoworkthatforhumanswouldbephysicallydemand