高考英语阅读理解试题之人物传记类英语学习doc.docx

高考英语阅读理解试题之人物传记类英语学习doc.docx

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高考英语阅读理解试题之人物传记类英语学习doc

2020年高考英语阅读理解试题之人物传记类（英语学习）

2020年高考英语阅读理解试题之人物传记类

（一）（2011·山东高考）

ArthurMiller（1915—2005）isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller‘sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria？

？

Hungary，drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”。

However，heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.

Miller’smostfamousplay，DeathofaSalesman，isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem，withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman，theherooftheplay，weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment：

ifhecan‘tdothework，thenheisnogoodtohisemployer，theWagnerCompany，andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis，andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.

Whenitwasfirststagedin1949，theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews，anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay，theNewYorkDramaCritics’CircleAward，andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.

MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury，Connecticut，ontheeveningofFebruary10，2005，the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway.

1．WhydidArthurMiller‘sfathermovetotheUSA？

A.Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.

B.Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream.”

C.Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.

D.Hisfamilybusinessfailed

2．TheplayDeathofaSalesman________.

A.exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworld

B.discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompany

C.talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMiller

D.focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness

3．WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman？

A.Hetreatshisemployerbadly.

B.HerunstheWagnerCompany.

C.HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.

D.Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.

4．Afteritwasfirststaged，DeathofaSalesman________.

A.achievedhugesuccess

B.wonthefirstTonyAward

C.waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmen

D.wasseverelyattackedbydramatists

5．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？

A.ArthurMillerandhisfamily.

B.TheawardsArthurMillerwon.

C.ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced.

D.ArthurMillerandhisbest？

？

knownplay.

答案与解析

1．B　细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“Miller’sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria？

？

Hungary，drawnlikesomanyothersbythe‘GreatAmericanDream’”可知，他父亲移居美国像其他许多人一样是受当年伟大的美国梦吸引。

2.A　推理判断题。

根据第二段可知，这部戏剧对美国制度是一个抨击，它表现了咄咄逼人的做生意的方式以及坚信金钱和社会地位才是财富的象征。

主人公Willy陷入困境，然而生意场上残酷无情：

如果他做不了，那么对老板而言，他就一无是处，他必须离开。

故此部戏剧揭露了美国职场的残酷。

3．C　推理判断题。

根据第二段最后两句“Willyispainfullyawareofthis，andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.”可知主人公面对失败无所适从，无法面对现实，从而走向毁灭，成了美国资本主义制度下美国梦的牺牲者。

故选C项。

4.A　细节理解题。

根据第三段可知，这部戏剧自1949第一次搬上银幕就获得了“托尼戏剧音乐奖”、“纽约戏剧评论奖”、“普利策戏剧奖”三项大奖，获得极大的成功。

因此A项正确。

5．D　主旨大意题。

纵观全文不难看出本文主要介绍ArthurMiller以及他的戏剧DeathofaSalesman《推销员之死》。

其他选项都不全面，只是文中叙述的一部分。

故D项正确。

（二）（2011·福建高考）

JacquelineBouvierKennedyOnassiswasoneofthemostprivatewomenintheworld，yetwhenshewenttoworkasaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife，sherevealed（展现）herselfasshedidnowhereelse.

Afterthedeathofhersecondhusband，Greekshippingmagnate（巨头）AristotleOnassis，Jacqueline‘sclosefriendandformerWhiteHousesocialsecretaryLetitiaBaldrigemadeasuggestionthatsheconsideracareer（职业）inpublishing.Afterconsideration，Jacquelineacceptedit.Perhapsshehopedtofindtheresomeideasabouthowtoliveherownlife.Shebecamenotlessbutmoreinterestedinreading.Forthelast20yearsofherlife，Jacquelineworkedasapublisher’seditor，firstatViking，thenatDoubleday，pursuing（追求）alate？

？

lifecareerlongerthanhertwomarriagescombined.Duringhertimeinpublishing，shewasresponsibleformanagingandeditingmorethan100successfullymarketedbooks.AmongthefirstbookswereIntheRussianStyleandInventiveParisClothes.ShealsosucceededinpersuadingTVhostsBillMoyersandJosephCampbelltotransformtheirpopulartelevisionconversationsintoabook，ThePowerofMyth.Thebookwentontobecomeaninternationalbest？

？

seller.Shedealt，too，withMichaelJacksonashepreparedhisautobiography（自传），Moonwalk.

Jacquelinemayhavebeenhiredforhernameandforhersocialrelations，butshesoonprovedherworth.Herchoices，suggestionsandwidespreadsocialrelationswereofbenefitbothtothepublishingfirmsandtoJacquelineherself.Inthebookssheselectedforpublication，shebuiltonalifetimeofspendingtimebyherselfasareaderandleftarecordofthegrowthofhermind.Herbooksaretheautobiographysheneverwrote.Her_role_as_First_Lady，_in_the_end，_was_overshadowed_by_her_performance_as_an_editor.However，fewknewthatshehadachievedsomuch.

1．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatJacqueline________.

A．becamefondofreadingafterworkingasaneditor

B．wasinchargeofpublishing100books

C．promotedherbooksthroughsocialrelations

D．gainedalotfromhercareerasaneditor

2．Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat________.

A．JacquelineendedupasaneditorratherthanasFirstLady

B．Jacqueline‘slifeasFirstLadywasmorecolorfulthanasaneditor

C．JacquelinewasmoresuccessfulasaneditorthanasFirstLady

D．Jacqueline’sroleasFirstLadywasmorebrilliantthanasaneditor

3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？

A．Jacqueline‘stwomarriageslastedmorethan20years.

B．Jacqueline’sownpublishingfirmwassetupeventually.

C．Jacqueline‘sviewsandbeliefswerereflectedinthebookssheedited.

D．Jacqueline’sachievementswerewidelyknown.

4．Thepassageismainly________.

A．anintroductionofJacqueline‘slifebothasFirstLadyandasaneditor

B．abriefdescriptionofJacqueline’slifelongexperiences

C．abriefaccountofJacqueline‘scareerasaneditorinherlast20years

D．ananalysisofJacqueline’ssocialrelationsinpublishing

答案与解析

1．D　细节理解题。

由短文第一段中的“。

..shewenttoworkasaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife，sherevealedherselfasshedidnowhereelse”可推出她在自己的编辑事业中获益很大。

故选D项。

2.C　细节理解题。

根据画线句后面的“然而，很少有人知道她取得了这么多成就”可知，画线句的含义是：

她作为第一夫人的角色最终在她作为编辑的出色表现前黯然失色。

故选C项。

3．C　推理判断题。

由最后一段倒数第三句“Herbooksaretheautobiographysheneverwrote.”即她编辑的书籍就是她从来没有写过的自传。

由此可知，她的观点和信仰都反映在她所编辑的书籍中。

故选C项。

4．C　主旨大意题。

由短文第一段中“。

..asaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife.。

.”以及整篇文章的叙述可知，本文主要介绍Jacqueline生命中最后20年的编辑生涯。

故选C项。

（三）（2011·辽宁高考）

ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobile（汽车）。

ButHenryForddidnotstarttobuildhisfirstcaruntil1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermansdevelopedtheworld‘sfirstautomobile.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheproductionlinethatmovedacar’spartstotheworker，insteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.Thatisnottrue，either.ManyfactoryownersusedmethodsofthiskindbeforeFord.WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople‘sideasandmakethembetter.Andhemadethewholefactoryamovingproductionline.

Intheearlydaysoftheautomobile，almosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.Itwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Ford’smostfamousracewashisfirstone.Itwasalsothelastraceinwhichhedrovethecarhimself.

Theracewasin1901，atafieldnearDetroit.Allofthemostfamouscarshadentered，butonlytwowereleft：

theWintonandFord‘s.TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.

TheWintontookanearlylead.Buthalfwaythroughtherace，itbegantolosepower.Fordstartedtogain.Andneartheendoftherace，hetookthelead.FordwontheraceanddefeatedtheWinton.Hisnameappearedinnewspapersandhebecamewell？

？

knownallovertheUnitedStates.Withinweeksoftherace，HenryFordformedanewautomobilecompany.In1903，adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.That_salewasthebeginningofHenryFord’sdream.Fordsaid：

“Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople.Itwillbelargeenoughforthefamily，butsmallenoughforonepersontooperateandcarefor.Itwillbebuiltofthebestmaterials.Itwillbebuiltbythebestmentobeemployed.Anditwillbebuiltwiththesimplestplansthatmodernengineeringcanproduce.Itwillbesolowinpricethatnomanmakinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownone.”

TheModelTwasacarofthatkind.Itonlycost$850.Itwasasimplemachinethatdriverscoulddependon.DoctorsboughttheModelT.Sodidfarmers.Evencriminals.Theyconsidereditthefastestandsurestformoftransportation.AmericanslovedtheModelT.Theywrotestoriesandsongsaboutit.ThousandsofModelT‘swerebuiltinthefirstfewyears.

1．WhatdoweknowaboutHenryFordfromParagraph1？

A.Hemadegooduseofideasfromothers.

B.Heproducedthefirstcarintheworld.

C.Heknewhowtoimproveautoparts.

D.Heinventedtheproductionline.

2．WhydidHenryFordtakepartinthe1901carrace？

A.Toshowoffhisdrivingskills.

B.Todrawpublicattention.

C.Tolearnaboutnewtechnology.

D.Toraisemoneyforhisnewcompany.

3．“Thatsale”inParagraph4refersto________.

A.thesellingofFordcarsatreducedprices

B.thesaleofModelTtothemassofpeople

C.thesellingofacartoaDetroitdoctor

D.thesalestargetfortheFordCompany

4．WhatwasHenryFord’sdreamaccordingtothetext？

A.Producingcarsforaveragecustomers.

B.Buildingracing