英文翻译.docx

英文翻译.docx

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英文翻译

DesignofIntelligentStorageBatteryInternalResistanceMeasuringInstrument

Abstract:

BasedonACimpedance,thestoragebatteryinternalresistancemeasuringmethodwasimproved.TheACproportionmethodwasproposed.Throughtestingthevaliddropvalueoccurredonbatteryandhighprecisionresistanceinseries,theinternalresistanceofbatterycouldbecalculated.Basedonthenewmethod,abatteryinternalresistanceintelligentmeasuringinstrumentwasdesigned.ItsmaincontrollerisADuC812MCU（microcomputerunit）andsomeadvancedchipsareadoptedinitssignalgeneratingcircuitandsignalsampleconvertingcircuit.ThefrequencyandamplitudeofitsACsignalcouldbeproperlyadjustedaccordingtobattery’stypeandworkingenvironment.Italsocouldcommunicatewithtopcomputer.Thecomparingexperimentresultsshowthatthenewdevicecouldbeeasilyoperatedandhadstrongjam-resistantability,highreliabilityandhighaccuracy.

1Introduction

Thestoragebatteryiswidelyusedincommercialrun,trafficandcommunicationetc.and

mainlyusedasreservedpower.Whenthemainpowerorgeneratingequipmentgoeswrong,thestoragebatteryreplacesthem.Ifit’sinactiveoroff-capacity,heavyaccidentmaybeoccurs.Soitsoperationalparametersmustbegenerallymonitoredon-line.Themostimportantsymbolofthebattery’sconditionisitsinternalresistance.Theresistancevaluemaybechangedwhenitwillbeinactiveoroff-capacity.Ifthechargeordischargeisimproper,theresistanceisalsochanged[1、2].Throughtestingthebattery’sinternalresistance,itsactivestatecanbemonitoredandevaluated.

2MeasuringMethodsofBattery’sInternalResistance

Themeasuringcourseiscomplex.Atpresent,themethodsofconstant-currentdischargeandACimpedancearethetworeliablemethods[3、4].

2.1MethodofConstant-currentDischarge

Theprincipleofconstant-currentdischargeisasfollows.Atfirst,greatcurrentisdischargedonthebatteryandthemaximumcurrentmayexceedonehundred.Atthesametime,theinstantaneousvoltagedropisobtainedandmeasured.Thenthebattery’sinternalresistancecanbecalculatedwithOhm’slaw.Themethodiswidelyusedinpractice.Butithassomeshortages.Theattacktotheloadissevereandthebattery’slifeperiodmaybeinfluenced.Themeasurementmustbedoneinstaticoroff-lineconditions.Theon-linemeasurecan’tbeimplementandthetestresulterrormaybelarge.

2.2MethodofACimpedance

Theprincipleofthemethodisasfollows.Afixed-frequencyACsignalisloadedonthebattery’stwoterminals.TheACsignal’scurrentandthevoltagedroponthebatteryaremeasured.Withthemeasuredvalue,theinternalresistanceiscalculated.Becausethebatteryisn’tdischarged,on-linemonitoringandmanagementiscarriedout.Thebattery’scapabilitycan’tbeimpacted.Butitalsohassomeshortages.

（1）ThefrequencyandamplitudeoftheACarefixed.Theycan’tbeadjustedaccordingtodifferent

measurands.

（2）Beforecalculatingtheinternalresistance,theAC’scurrent,voltageandthephasicdifferencebetweenthemmustbemeasured.Therearemanydisturbedfactors.Themeasuringmethodiscomplexandtheerrorislarge.

（3）Measuringon-line,theACsignalisdistributedbytheload.Sothecurrentonthebatteryisreduced.Thismayconsumedlyreducethemonitoringdistinguishability.

3PrincipleofACProportion

Inthepaper,theACimpedancemethodisimprovedandtheACproportionmethodisproposedtomeasurethebattery’sinternalresistance.Thebatteryisconnectedwithahighprecisionresistanceinseries.AspecialchipisusedtomeasureandcomparethevalidvaluesoftheAC’sdividingvoltageonthebatteryandtheresistance.Thentheinternalresistancecanbecalculated.TheequivalentserialcircuitofthebatteryandthehighprecisionresistanceisgiveninFig.1.

R0isthehighprecisionresistanceinFig.1.Thepartinthebrokenlineblockistheequivalentcircuitofthestoragebattery.RΩisthebattery’sohmicinertialresistance.RCisthepolarizedinertialresistance.Cisinter-polarcondenser.Thebattery’sequivalentimpedanceis:

Z=RΩ+RC/（1+JωCRC）

（1）

ωistheangularfrequencyoftheACsignalui,whichisproducedbythesignalgeneratingcircuit.

Thecurrentflowingthein-seriescircuitis:

i=ui/（Z+R0）=u1/Z=u2/R0

（2）

InEqu.

（2）,thevariancesarecomplexnumber.Theproportionalrelationexistsbetweenthem.Moddingthem,therelationisstillright.

|u1/Z|=|u2/R0|（3）

|Z|=|u1|R0/|u2|（4）

Themodsofu1andu2aretheirvalidvalue,V1andV2,respectively.Whenthebattery’andthehighprecisionresistance’sroot-mean-squarevalueofdividingvoltagearemeasured,themodvalueofthebattery’sequivalentimpedance,|Z|,canbecalculated.

|Z|=V1R0/V2（5）

It’ssynthesizedwiththebattery’sohmicinternalresistance,thepolarizedinertialresistanceandtheinterpolarcondenser.Anditcanberegardedasthebattery’sequivalentinternalresistance.

4StructureofHardware

Asintelligentcontrolchip,MCUiswidelyusedinthemediumandsmall-sizedtest-controlsystem.Ithasmanymerits,suchasoperatingeasily,controllingaccuratelyandexpendingsimply.Ainternalresistanceintelligentmeasuringinstrumentofthestoragebatteryisdesignedinthepaper.ADuC812MCUisselectedasmaincontrollertocontrolsignals’inputandoutput.TheschematicdiagramisshowedinFig.2.

RtandRdaredigitalpotentiometersandtheirresistancescanbeadjustedwiththeMCUprogram.Roisahighprecisionresistanceanditsvalueis0.5Ω.C1,C2andC3arecouplingcondensers.Thewholeinstrumenthasfourparts.Theyareman-machineinteractiveinterface,signalgeneratingcircuit,signalsamplingconvertingcircuitandserialcommunicationcircuit.

4.1Man-machineInteractiveInterface

Theinterfacearecomposedofdisplaycircuit,keyboardinputcircuitandMCU.

TheADuC812MCUismainlycomposedofone8-channel12-bithighspeedA/Dconverter,two

12-bitD/Aconverters,8kBflash/electro-erasingprogrammemory,640-byteflash/electro-erasingdatamemory.Itskernelis80C52MCU.Italsocomprisessomeimportantfunctionalmodule,suchastimingcontroller,powermonitor,dataDMAtransferringandstoreprotectingcircuitandsomebusinterface.

TheADuC812isahighprecisionanalogdatacollectingsystem,whichisprogrammableentirelyandself-checking.Itscubiccontentissmallanditscostislow.Soitcansubstitutesomehigh-costmassiveproducts,whicharemostlyproducedwithmono-plateprocessor.Theothermeritisthattheflash/electro-erasingmemoryisused.Withtheembeddedloaderanddebuggingsoftware,theshortages,suchasdeficientflexibilityandstoragedifficulty,areovercome.Theon-lineprogrammingisrealized.Sothedesign,programminganddebuggingbecomemoreeasily.Moreover,itsstaticCPUoperationandpower-failmodearesupremelyimportanttobattery-poweredtest-controlequipments.

4.2SignalGeneratingCircuit

TheICL8038,whichisawaveformgenerator,isamonolithicintegratedcircuit.Cooperatedwithexteriorelement,thesinewave,squarewave,triangularwaveandsaw-toothwavecanbegeneratedandtheirfrequencymaybe0.001Hzto300Hz.Theoutputwave’sfrequencyisdeterminedwiththecondenserCtandtheresistanceRt.Theirrelationsatisfies:

f=0.33/RtCt（6）

IfCtis100pFandRtischangedfrom1to100kΩ,theoutputfrequencyischangedfrom33to3300Hz.Thedistorteddegreeofoutputsinewaveislessthan1%andtheratioofitsamplitudetothesource’soneis0.7.

TheoutputsinewaveofICL8038isusedtotesttheinternalresistance.Thenit’sdistributedbythedigitalpotentiometerRdandamplifieditspower.TheoutputiscoupledonthetestedbatterybythecondenserC1.TheoutputsquarewaveofICL8038iscountedbytheMCU.Sothefrequencyofoutputwaveanditsstabilityarecalculated.Theresistancevalueofdigitalpotentiometer,RtandRd,canbeadjustedprogrammablely.Consequently,thefrequencyandamplitudeofoutputsignalcanalsobeadjustedprogrammablely.Thepower-amplifiedcircuitisthesymmetricalcomplementarypush-pullcircuit.It’sonlyamplifiedthepowerbutnotamplifiedthevoltage.

4.3SamplingConvertingCircuit

Thetestedbatteryisconnectedwithahighprecisionresistanceinseries,whichislocatedintheinternalresistancemeasuredinstrument.Andthisisavoltage-dividingcircuit.C2andC3areACcouplingcondensers.TheACcomponentsareobtainedfromtheserialcircuit.Sothebattery’sDC

voltageandtheloaddon’tinfluencethetestresults.AD736isahighprecisiontruevalidvalueconverter.Itsinputis100mVandthedistinguishabilityis100μV.Theinputimpedanceis1012Ω.AweakACsignalcanbetestedanditsroot-mean-squarevalueisobtained.ItsoutputDCvoltagevalueisequaltotheinputACvalidvalue.

4.4SerialCommunicationCircuit

ADuC812hasmanykindsofcommunicationinterface.Soaserialcommunicationcircuitisdesignedtoconnectwiththetopcomputer.TheMCU’sprogramcanberefreshedon-lineandthetesteddatacanalsobetransferredon-line.Thebattery-poweredregulatedpowercircuitandthe

bridgerectifierfiltercircuitaredesigned.Theinstrumentcanbesuppliedwithbatteryorcommercialpower.

Thetestedbattery’sparameters,suchasitsspecificationandmodelcanbeobtainedbytheman-machineinteractive.Withtheinterface,theresistancevalueofthedigitalpotentiometercanbeadjustedandthefrequencyandamplitudeareselectedautomatically.Sotheinstrumentmaybeeasilyadaptedtothebatteryandload’srequirement.

ADuC812MCUhasa640-bytedatamemory.Thetestdatacanbestoredandanalyzed.Thedatacanalsobetransferredtothetopcomputerandprocesseda