动词时态语态.docx
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动词时态语态
动词的时态和语态
(一)一般现在时和一般过去时
Ⅰ.一般现在时
1.构成:
一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,则动词要变成三单。
规则如下:
规则
动词原形
三单
一般动词在词尾加–s
look,hurt,enjoy,borrow
looks,hurts,enjoys,borrows
以字母s,x,o,ch或sh结尾的动词加-es
guess,teach,wash,go
guesses,teaches,washes,goes
以辅音字母+y结尾的动,变y为i,加–es
fly,study
flies,studies
2.一般现在时的肯定、否定、一般疑问式及回答
肯定式
否定式
一般疑问
疑问否定式
Iwork.
Idon’twork..
DoIwork?
Don’tIwork?
We/You/Theywork.
We/You/Theydon’twork..
Dowe/you/theywork?
Don’twe/you/theywork?
He/She/Itworks.
He/She/Itdoesn’twork.
Doeshe/she/itwork?
Doesn’the/she/itwork?
肯定式
否定式
一般疑问
疑问否定式
Iamateacher.
Iamnotateacher.
AmIateacher?
AmInotateacher?
He/Sheisateacher.
He/Sheisnotateacher.
Ishe/sheateacher?
Isn’the/sheateacher?
ItisMary.
Itisn’tMary.
IsitMary?
Isn’titMary?
We/You/Theyareteachers.
We/You/Theyarenotteachers.
Arewe/you/theyteachers?
Aren’twe/you/theyteachers?
★注意:
have(has)表示“有”时,否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t),变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does),当不表示"有"时,其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。
Hassheanyexperienceinteachingpianolessons?
(√)
Doesshehaveanyexperienceinteachingpianolessons?
(√)
Hadyouagoodtimeyesterday?
(×)Didyouhaveagoodtimeyesterday?
(√)
3.一般现在时的用法
①表示习惯性、经常性的动、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯。
常用时间状语:
often,sometimes,usually,always,seldom,everyday,onSunday等。
如:
Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.
Dothestudentshavesportsatfiveeveryafternoon?
②表示客观真理和客观存在及自然现象。
如:
Knowledgeispower.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.
③用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示将要发生的动作。
如:
Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.She’llgotoseehimassoonasshearrives.
④表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的事情或要发生的动作。
常用于come,go,start,leave,arrive,takeoff,takeplace等动词。
句中常有表示将来的时间的状语。
如:
Hisshipleavesat9:
00a.m.Thefinalexamtakesplacenextweek.
Ⅱ.一般过去时
1.一般过去时由动词的过去式表示。
规则动词过去式变化规则如下:
规则
动词原形
过去式
在动词原形后加-ed
ask,play,plant,need
asked,played,planted,needed
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
Stop,plan,beg,permit
Stopped,planned,begged,permitted
结尾是“辅音字母+y“动词,改y为i,再加–ed.
marry,carry
Studied,carried,married
2.
肯定式
否定式
疑问式
疑问否定式
Iworked.
Ididn’twork.
DidIwork?
Didn’tIwork?
He/She/Itworked.
He/She/Itdidn’twork.
Didhe/she/itwork?
Didn’the/she/itwork?
We/You/Theyworked.
We/You/Theydidn’twork.
DidWe/You/Theywork?
.
Didn’tWe/You/Theywork?
肯定式
否定式
疑问式
疑问否定式
Iwasateacher.
Iwasn’tateacher.
WasIateacher?
WasInotateacher?
He/Shewasateacher.
He/Shewasn’tateacher.
Washe/sheateacher?
Wasn’the/sheateacher?
ItwasMary.
Itwasn’tMary.
WasitMary?
Wasn’titMary?
We/You/Theywereteachers.
We/You/Theyweren’tteachers.
Werewe/you/theyteachers?
Weren’twe/you/theyteachers?
3.一般过去时的用法
①表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
yesterday,lastnight,
justnow,theotherday,afewdaysago,atthattime,atthatmoment等。
如:
Ireceivedastrangephonecalljustnow.ShelookedverywellwhenIlastsawher.
②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,可与时间状语often,usually,always等连用。
如:
WhenIwasaboy,Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark.
③在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中通常用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
如:
Hesaidhewouldhelpherbefore
shelefthere.Theyplannedtogooutingifitwasfinethenextday.
④常用一般过去时的句型:
表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。
Ididn’tnoticeit.Sorry,Iforgottobringmybook.Ididn’trecognizeyou.
★---Excuseme,pleaselookatthesign“NoSmoking”.---Sorry,I_______.
A.don’tnoticeitB.amnotnoticeditC.didn’tnoticeitD.wasn’tnoticedit
巩固练习
1.Hello,I______you______inLondon,howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
A.don’tknow,wereB.didn’tknow,wereC.hadn’tknown,areD.haven’tknown,are
2.Thenewsecretaryisgoingtoreporttothemangerassoonasshe________.
A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivesD.isgoingtoarrive
3.Thefootballmatchwillbeputoffifit____.A.israiningB.willrainC.rainsD.rained
4.---Yourtelephonenumberagain?
I_______hearitjustnow.---It’s9876326.
A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t
5.Accordingtothetimetable,theplaneforShanghai______at7p.m..A.hasleftB.leftC.willleftD.leaves
6.Theteachercameintotheclassroomand______thestudentstoopenthewindowatonce.
A.toaskB.askingC.askedD.hasasked
7.---CanIjointheclub?
---Youcanwhenyou______abitolder.
A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot
8.---Doyoulikethecloth?
---Yes,it______verysoft(柔软)。
A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt
9.IwillgowithyouassoonasI______mywork.A.willfinishB.finishC.shallfinishD.finished
10.---Youaredrinkingtoomuch.---Onlyathome.Noone______mebutyou.
A.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw
(二)现在进行时和过去进行时
Ⅰ.现在进行时
1.现在进行时构成:
be(am,is,are)+doing动词的现在分词构成规则如下:
规则
动词原形
现在分词(doing)
在动词词尾加ing
drink,eat,follow
drinking,eating,following
辅音字母+不发音字母e结尾,去掉e,再加ing
write,take,dance
writing,taking,dancing
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写该辅音字母,再加ing
get,swim,stop,
Getting,swimming,stopping
以ie结尾的动词,先将ie改为y,再加ing
lie,die,tie
lying,dying,tying
2.
肯定式
否定式
疑问式
疑问否定式
Iamworking.
Iamnotworking.
AmIworking?
AmInotworking?
We/You/Theyareworking.
We/You/Theyarenotworking.
Arewe/you/theyworking?
Aren’twe/you/theyworking?
He/She/Itisworking.
He/She/Itisnotworking.
Ishe/she/itworking?
Isn’the/she/itworking?
3.现在进行时的用法
①表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。
如:
WearehavinganEnglishlessonnow.
TheyarelearningChineseinBeijingthesedays.
②可用短暂性动词,如:
come,start,leave,arrive,takeoff等动词的进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
可译为“即将。
。
。
。
。
。
”,并常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
如:
SheisleavingforBeijingthisevening.
Howmanyofyouarecomingtothepartytonight.
③可与always,usually,forever等连用,表示强烈的感情色彩,如赞叹、惊讶、厌烦、不满等。
如:
Sheisalwaysthinkingofothersinsteadofherself.Sheisalwaysleavingthingsabout.
★常与现在进行时连用的时间状语:
now,atthemoment,atpresent,thesedays,allthetime,thismorning,etc.
Ⅱ过去进行时
1.过去进行时构成:
be(was,were)+doing2.句型结构
肯定式
否定式
疑问式
疑问否定式
I/He/She/Itwasworking.
I/He/She/Itwasnotworking.
WasI/he/she/itworking?
Wasn’tI/he/she/itworking?
We/You/Theywereworking.
We/You/Theywerenotworking.
Werewe/you/theyworking?
Weren’twe/you/theyworking?
3.过去进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
如:
HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamein.---Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?
---Iwaswritingaletter.
②常与过去进行时连用的时间状语:
then,atthattime(moment),thistimeyesterday,atfiveyesterdayallmorning等。
★bedoing…when…正在做。
。
。
。
。
。
正在这时/突然。
。
。
。
。
。
Iwasreadingwhenthephonerang.
巩固练习
1.Mary________adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.wasmakingC.ismakingD.makes
2.ThelasttimeI_______Janeshe______cottoninthefields.
A.hadseen,waspickingB.saw,pickedC.hasseen,pickedD.saw,waspicking
3.Idon’treallyworkhere.I_______untilthenewsecretaryarrives.
A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout
4.Asshe________thenewspaper,Granny_______asleep.
A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading,fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell
5.Idon’tthinkJimsawme,he______intothesky.
A.justlookedB.wasjustlookingC.hasjustlookedD.hadjustlooked
6.Keepquiet!
Iamtryingtohearwhattheman______.A.saysB.issayingC.hassaidD.hadbeensaying
7.Youshouldnotgoanywhere.Thetrain______.A.willleaveB.isleavingC.istoleaveD.leaves
8.Heistoocarelessandhe_______keys.
A.alwayslostB.alwayslosesC.isalwayslosingD.willalwayslose
9.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She______ataradioshopatthattime.
A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hasbeenworkingD.hasworked
10.---Isthiscoatyours?
---No,mine______therebehindthedoor.
A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung
11.ThereportersaidthattheUFO______easttowestwhenhesawit.
A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel
12.Listentothetwogirlsbythewindows.Whatlanguage_______?
A.didtheyspeakB.weretheyspeakingC.aretheyspeakingD.havetheybeenspeaking
13.---Areyoubusy?
---Yes,I______mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.
A.justfinishB.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish
14.What’sthatterriblenoise?
---Theneighbors_____foraparty.
A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare
15.---YouwereoutwhenIcalledyou.---Oh,I______forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.
A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited
强化练习(一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时)
1.---Excuseme,pleaselookatthesign“NoSmoking”.---Sorry,I_______.
A.don’tnoticeitB.amnotnoticedC.didn’tnoticeitD.wasn’tnoticed
2.Jimcan’tgowithusbecausehe_______aprofessoraroundourcompany.
A.showsB.wasshowingC.hasshownD.isshowing
3.---Whatareyoudoing,Kate?
---I_____abeautifulhorse.
A.drawB.drewC.amdrawingD.wasdrawing
4.---Canyourbrothermakemodelairplane?
---Yes,thisweekhe_______anewmodel.
A.buildsB.isbuiltC.hadbuiltD.isbuilding
5.The2004AthensOlympicGames_____onAugust13.
A.hasbegunB.lastedC.beganD.haslasted
6.NevertroublemewhileI_____inmyroom.A.willsleepB.asleepC.amsleepingD.wassleeping
7.---Icalledyouat7:
30yesterdayevening.Buttherewasnoreply.
---Sorry.I_____dinnerwithmyfriendsatarestaurant.
A.hadB.washavingC.havehadD.hadhad
8.---LiuMeican’tcometonight.---Why?
Butshe______meshewouldcome.
A.tellsB.toldC.istoldD.hadtold
9.Jane_______anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai.A.buysB