动词时态语态.docx

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动词时态语态.docx

动词时态语态

动词的时态和语态

(一)一般现在时和一般过去时

Ⅰ.一般现在时

1.构成:

一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,则动词要变成三单。

规则如下:

规则

动词原形

三单

一般动词在词尾加–s

look,hurt,enjoy,borrow

looks,hurts,enjoys,borrows

以字母s,x,o,ch或sh结尾的动词加-es

guess,teach,wash,go

guesses,teaches,washes,goes

以辅音字母+y结尾的动,变y为i,加–es

fly,study

flies,studies

2.一般现在时的肯定、否定、一般疑问式及回答

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问

疑问否定式

Iwork.

Idon’twork..

DoIwork?

Don’tIwork?

We/You/Theywork.

We/You/Theydon’twork..

Dowe/you/theywork?

Don’twe/you/theywork?

He/She/Itworks.

He/She/Itdoesn’twork.

Doeshe/she/itwork?

Doesn’the/she/itwork?

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问

疑问否定式

Iamateacher.

Iamnotateacher.

AmIateacher?

AmInotateacher?

He/Sheisateacher.

He/Sheisnotateacher.

Ishe/sheateacher?

Isn’the/sheateacher?

ItisMary.

Itisn’tMary.

IsitMary?

Isn’titMary?

We/You/Theyareteachers.

We/You/Theyarenotteachers.

Arewe/you/theyteachers?

Aren’twe/you/theyteachers?

★注意:

have(has)表示“有”时,否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t),变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does),当不表示"有"时,其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。

Hassheanyexperienceinteachingpianolessons?

(√)

Doesshehaveanyexperienceinteachingpianolessons?

(√)

Hadyouagoodtimeyesterday?

(×)Didyouhaveagoodtimeyesterday?

(√)

3.一般现在时的用法

①表示习惯性、经常性的动、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯。

常用时间状语:

often,sometimes,usually,always,seldom,everyday,onSunday等。

如:

Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

Dothestudentshavesportsatfiveeveryafternoon?

②表示客观真理和客观存在及自然现象。

如:

Knowledgeispower.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.

③用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示将要发生的动作。

如:

Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.She’llgotoseehimassoonasshearrives.

④表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的事情或要发生的动作。

常用于come,go,start,leave,arrive,takeoff,takeplace等动词。

句中常有表示将来的时间的状语。

如:

Hisshipleavesat9:

00a.m.Thefinalexamtakesplacenextweek.

Ⅱ.一般过去时

1.一般过去时由动词的过去式表示。

规则动词过去式变化规则如下:

规则

动词原形

过去式

在动词原形后加-ed

ask,play,plant,need

asked,played,planted,needed

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed

Stop,plan,beg,permit

Stopped,planned,begged,permitted

结尾是“辅音字母+y“动词,改y为i,再加–ed.

marry,carry

Studied,carried,married

2.

肯定式

否定式

疑问式

疑问否定式

Iworked.

Ididn’twork.

DidIwork?

Didn’tIwork?

He/She/Itworked.

He/She/Itdidn’twork.

Didhe/she/itwork?

Didn’the/she/itwork?

We/You/Theyworked.

We/You/Theydidn’twork.

DidWe/You/Theywork?

.

Didn’tWe/You/Theywork?

肯定式

否定式

疑问式

疑问否定式

Iwasateacher.

Iwasn’tateacher.

WasIateacher?

WasInotateacher?

He/Shewasateacher.

He/Shewasn’tateacher.

Washe/sheateacher?

Wasn’the/sheateacher?

ItwasMary.

Itwasn’tMary.

WasitMary?

Wasn’titMary?

We/You/Theywereteachers.

We/You/Theyweren’tteachers.

Werewe/you/theyteachers?

Weren’twe/you/theyteachers?

3.一般过去时的用法

①表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:

yesterday,lastnight,

justnow,theotherday,afewdaysago,atthattime,atthatmoment等。

如:

Ireceivedastrangephonecalljustnow.ShelookedverywellwhenIlastsawher.

②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,可与时间状语often,usually,always等连用。

如:

WhenIwasaboy,Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark.

③在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中通常用一般过去时表示过去将来时。

如:

Hesaidhewouldhelpherbefore

shelefthere.Theyplannedtogooutingifitwasfinethenextday.

④常用一般过去时的句型:

表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。

Ididn’tnoticeit.Sorry,Iforgottobringmybook.Ididn’trecognizeyou.

★---Excuseme,pleaselookatthesign“NoSmoking”.---Sorry,I_______.

A.don’tnoticeitB.amnotnoticeditC.didn’tnoticeitD.wasn’tnoticedit

巩固练习

1.Hello,I______you______inLondon,howlonghaveyoubeenhere?

A.don’tknow,wereB.didn’tknow,wereC.hadn’tknown,areD.haven’tknown,are

2.Thenewsecretaryisgoingtoreporttothemangerassoonasshe________.

A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivesD.isgoingtoarrive

3.Thefootballmatchwillbeputoffifit____.A.israiningB.willrainC.rainsD.rained

4.---Yourtelephonenumberagain?

I_______hearitjustnow.---It’s9876326.

A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t

5.Accordingtothetimetable,theplaneforShanghai______at7p.m..A.hasleftB.leftC.willleftD.leaves

6.Theteachercameintotheclassroomand______thestudentstoopenthewindowatonce.

A.toaskB.askingC.askedD.hasasked

7.---CanIjointheclub?

---Youcanwhenyou______abitolder.

A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot

8.---Doyoulikethecloth?

---Yes,it______verysoft(柔软)。

A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt

9.IwillgowithyouassoonasI______mywork.A.willfinishB.finishC.shallfinishD.finished

10.---Youaredrinkingtoomuch.---Onlyathome.Noone______mebutyou.

A.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw

(二)现在进行时和过去进行时

Ⅰ.现在进行时

1.现在进行时构成:

be(am,is,are)+doing动词的现在分词构成规则如下:

规则

动词原形

现在分词(doing)

在动词词尾加ing

drink,eat,follow

drinking,eating,following

辅音字母+不发音字母e结尾,去掉e,再加ing

write,take,dance

writing,taking,dancing

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写该辅音字母,再加ing

get,swim,stop,

Getting,swimming,stopping

以ie结尾的动词,先将ie改为y,再加ing

lie,die,tie

lying,dying,tying

2.

肯定式

否定式

疑问式

疑问否定式

Iamworking.

Iamnotworking.

AmIworking?

AmInotworking?

We/You/Theyareworking.

We/You/Theyarenotworking.

Arewe/you/theyworking?

Aren’twe/you/theyworking?

He/She/Itisworking.

He/She/Itisnotworking.

Ishe/she/itworking?

Isn’the/she/itworking?

3.现在进行时的用法

①表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。

如:

WearehavinganEnglishlessonnow.

TheyarelearningChineseinBeijingthesedays.

②可用短暂性动词,如:

come,start,leave,arrive,takeoff等动词的进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。

可译为“即将。

”,并常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

如:

SheisleavingforBeijingthisevening.

Howmanyofyouarecomingtothepartytonight.

③可与always,usually,forever等连用,表示强烈的感情色彩,如赞叹、惊讶、厌烦、不满等。

如:

Sheisalwaysthinkingofothersinsteadofherself.Sheisalwaysleavingthingsabout.

★常与现在进行时连用的时间状语:

now,atthemoment,atpresent,thesedays,allthetime,thismorning,etc.

Ⅱ过去进行时

1.过去进行时构成:

be(was,were)+doing2.句型结构

肯定式

否定式

疑问式

疑问否定式

I/He/She/Itwasworking.

I/He/She/Itwasnotworking.

WasI/he/she/itworking?

Wasn’tI/he/she/itworking?

We/You/Theywereworking.

We/You/Theywerenotworking.

Werewe/you/theyworking?

Weren’twe/you/theyworking?

3.过去进行时的用法

①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。

如:

HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamein.---Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?

---Iwaswritingaletter.

②常与过去进行时连用的时间状语:

then,atthattime(moment),thistimeyesterday,atfiveyesterdayallmorning等。

★bedoing…when…正在做。

正在这时/突然。

Iwasreadingwhenthephonerang.

巩固练习

1.Mary________adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.wasmakingC.ismakingD.makes

2.ThelasttimeI_______Janeshe______cottoninthefields.

A.hadseen,waspickingB.saw,pickedC.hasseen,pickedD.saw,waspicking

3.Idon’treallyworkhere.I_______untilthenewsecretaryarrives.

A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout

4.Asshe________thenewspaper,Granny_______asleep.

A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading,fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell

5.Idon’tthinkJimsawme,he______intothesky.

A.justlookedB.wasjustlookingC.hasjustlookedD.hadjustlooked

6.Keepquiet!

Iamtryingtohearwhattheman______.A.saysB.issayingC.hassaidD.hadbeensaying

7.Youshouldnotgoanywhere.Thetrain______.A.willleaveB.isleavingC.istoleaveD.leaves

8.Heistoocarelessandhe_______keys.

A.alwayslostB.alwayslosesC.isalwayslosingD.willalwayslose

9.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She______ataradioshopatthattime.

A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hasbeenworkingD.hasworked

10.---Isthiscoatyours?

---No,mine______therebehindthedoor.

A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung

11.ThereportersaidthattheUFO______easttowestwhenhesawit.

A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel

12.Listentothetwogirlsbythewindows.Whatlanguage_______?

A.didtheyspeakB.weretheyspeakingC.aretheyspeakingD.havetheybeenspeaking

13.---Areyoubusy?

---Yes,I______mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.

A.justfinishB.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish

14.What’sthatterriblenoise?

---Theneighbors_____foraparty.

A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare

15.---YouwereoutwhenIcalledyou.---Oh,I______forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.

A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited

强化练习(一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时)

1.---Excuseme,pleaselookatthesign“NoSmoking”.---Sorry,I_______.

A.don’tnoticeitB.amnotnoticedC.didn’tnoticeitD.wasn’tnoticed

2.Jimcan’tgowithusbecausehe_______aprofessoraroundourcompany.

A.showsB.wasshowingC.hasshownD.isshowing

3.---Whatareyoudoing,Kate?

---I_____abeautifulhorse.

A.drawB.drewC.amdrawingD.wasdrawing

4.---Canyourbrothermakemodelairplane?

---Yes,thisweekhe_______anewmodel.

A.buildsB.isbuiltC.hadbuiltD.isbuilding

5.The2004AthensOlympicGames_____onAugust13.

A.hasbegunB.lastedC.beganD.haslasted

6.NevertroublemewhileI_____inmyroom.A.willsleepB.asleepC.amsleepingD.wassleeping

7.---Icalledyouat7:

30yesterdayevening.Buttherewasnoreply.

---Sorry.I_____dinnerwithmyfriendsatarestaurant.

A.hadB.washavingC.havehadD.hadhad

8.---LiuMeican’tcometonight.---Why?

Butshe______meshewouldcome.

A.tellsB.toldC.istoldD.hadtold

9.Jane_______anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai.A.buysB

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