土木工程专业英语.docx

土木工程专业英语.docx

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土木工程专业英语

第一部分必须掌

握，第二部分尽量掌握

第一部分：

1FiniteElementMethod有限单元法2专业英语SpecialtyEnglish3水利工程HydraulicEngineering4土木工程CivilEngineering

5地下工程UndergroundEngineering6岩土工程GeotechnicalEngineering7道路工程Road（Highway）Engineering8桥梁工程BridgeEngineering9隧道工程TunnelEngineering10工程力学EngineeringMechanics11交通工程TrafficEngineering12港口工程PortEngineering13安全性safety

17木结构timberstructure

18砌体结构masonrystructure19混凝土结构concretestructure20钢结构steelstructure

21钢-混凝土复合结构steelandconcretecompositestructure

22素混凝土plainconcrete

23钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete24钢筋rebar

25预应力混凝土pre-stressedconcrete26静定结构staticallydeterminatestructure

27超静定结构staticallyindeterminatestructure28桁架结构trussstructure

29空间网架结构spatialgridstructure30近海工程offshoreengineering31静力学statics32运动学kinematics33动力学dynamics

34简支梁simplysupportedbeam35固定支座fixedbearing36弹性力学elasticity37塑性力学plasticity

38弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39断裂力学fractureMechanics40土力学soilmechanics41水力学hydraulics

42流体力学fluidmechanics43固体力学solidmechanics44集中力concentratedforce45压力pressure

46静水压力hydrostaticpressure47均布压力uniformpressure48体力bodyforce49重力gravity

50线荷载lineload

51弯矩bendingmoment52torque扭矩53应力stress54应变stain

55正应力normalstress56剪应力shearingstress57主应力principalstress58变形deformation59内力internalforce

60偏移量挠度deflection61settlement沉降62屈曲失稳buckle63轴力axialforce

64允许应力allowablestress65疲劳分析fatigueanalysis66梁beam67壳shell68板plate69桥bridge70桩pile

71主动土压力activeearthpressure72被动土压力passiveearthpressure73承载力load-bearingcapacity74水位waterHeight75位移displacement

76结构力学structuralmechanics77材料力学materialmechanics78经纬仪altometer79水准仪level80学科discipline

81子学科sub-discipline82期刊journal,periodical83文献literature

84ISSNInternationalStandardSerialNumber国际标准刊号

85ISBNInternationalStandardBookNumber国际标准书号

86卷volume

87期number88专著monograph89会议论文集Proceeding90学位论文thesis,dissertation91专利patent

92档案档案室archive

93国际学术会议conference94导师advisor

95学位论文答辩defenseofthesis96博士研究生doctoratestudent97研究生postgraduate

98EIEngineeringIndex工程索引

99SCIScienceCitationIndex科学引文索引

100ISTPIndextoScienceandTechnologyProceedings科学技术会议论文集索引101题目title102摘要abstract103全文full-text

104参考文献reference

105联络单位、所属单位affiliation106主题词Subject107关键字keyword

108ASCEAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers美国土木工程师协会

109FHWAFederalHighwayAdministration联邦公路总署26.moistunitweight湿重度

45.ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会

四.渗透性和渗流

1.Darcy’slaw达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowingsoil流土4.sandboiling砂沸5.flownet流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepagepressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepageforce渗透力

11.hydraulicgradient水力梯度12.coefficientofpermeability渗透系数

110ISOInternationalStandardOrganization111解析方法analyticalmethod112数值方法numericalmethod113计算computation114说明书instruction

115规范Specification,Code

第二部分：

岩土工程专业词汇

1.geotechnicalengineering岩土工程2.foundationengineering基础工程3.soil,earth土

4.soilmechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载

viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基viscousdamping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量5.soildynamics土动力学6.stresspath应力路径

7.numericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学

二.土的分类1.residualsoil残积土groundwaterlevel地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位3.clayminerals粘土矿物4.secondaryminerals次生矿物5.landslides滑坡6.boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand砾砂12.coarsesand粗砂13.mediumsand中砂14.finesand细砂15.siltysand粉土16.clayeysoil粘性土17.clay粘土18.siltyclay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandysilt砂质粉土21.clayeysilt粘质粉土22.saturatedsoil饱和土23.unsaturatedsoil非饱和土24.fill（soil）填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固结土26.normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土27.underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土28.zonalsoil区域性土29.softclay软粘土30.expansive（swelling）soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozensoil冻土24.degreeofsaturation饱和度25.dryunitweight干重度

五.地基应力和变形

1.softsoil软土2.（negative）skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effectivestress有效应力4.totalstress总应力

5.fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度

6.lowactivity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxialtest三轴试验9.foundationdesign基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearingcapacity承载力12.soilmass土体13.contactstress（pressure）接触应力（压力）

14.concentratedload集中荷载15.asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.stripfooting条基19.squarespreadfooting方形独立基础

20.underlyingsoil（stratum,strata）下卧层（土）

21.deadload=sustainedload恒载持续荷载22.liveload活载23.short–termtransientload短期瞬时荷载

24.long-termtransientload长期荷载25.reducedload折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clayfraction粘粒粒组31.physicalproperties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-gradedsoil级配良好土34.poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土35.normalstresses正应力36.shearstresses剪应力37.principalplane主平面

38.major（intermediate,minor）principalstress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41.limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法42.porewaterpressure孔隙水压力

43.preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力44.modulusofcompressibility压缩模量45.coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数

pressionindex压缩指数47.swellingindex回弹指数48.geostaticstress自重应力49.additionalstress附加应力50.totalstress总应力51.finalsettlement最终沉降52.slipline滑动线

六.基坑开挖与降水1excavation开挖（挖方）2dewatering（基坑）降水3failureoffoundation基坑失稳4bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护

5bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起

第2/4页

6retainingwall挡土墙7pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井点系统（轻型）10deepwellpoint深井点11vacuumwellpoint真空井点12bracedcuts支撑围4.overconsolidationration（OCR）超固结比5.overconsolidationsoil超固结土6.excessporewaterpressure超孔压力

7.multi-dimensionalconsolidation多维固结护13bracedexcavation支撑开挖14bracedsheeting支撑挡板

七.深基础--deepfoundation1.pilefoundation桩基础

1）cast–in-place灌注桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩boredpile钻孔桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩rammedbulbpile夯扩桩

2）belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamedboredpier3）precastconcretepile预制混凝土桩

4）steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩steelsheetpile钢板桩

5）prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩2.caissonfoundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragmwall地下连续墙截水墙4.frictionpile摩擦桩5.end-bearingpile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.waveequationanalysis波动方程分析8.pilecaps承台（桩帽）9.bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力10.lateralpileloadtest单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限承载力12.staticloadtestofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.verticalallowableloadcapacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.lowpilecap低桩承台15.high-risepilecap高桩承台16.verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silentpiling静力压桩18.upliftpile抗拔桩19.anti-slidepile抗滑桩

20.pilegroups群桩21.efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数（η）

22.efficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应23.dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术

24.finalset最后贯入度25.dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验

26.pileintegritytest桩的完整性试验27.pilehead=butt桩头28.piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端（头）29.pilespacing桩距

30.pileplan桩位布置图31.arrangementofpiles=pilelayout桩的布置

32.groupaction群桩作用33.endbearing=tipresistance桩端阻34.skin（side）friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻

35.pilecushion桩垫36.piledriving（byvibration）（振动）打桩37.pilepullingtest拔桩试验38.pileshoe桩靴39.pilenoise打桩噪音40.pilerig打桩机九.固结consolidation

1.Terzzaghi’sconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’sconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’sconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论

8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一维固结9.primaryconsolidation主固结10.secondaryconsolidation次固结

11.degreeofconsolidation固结度12.consolidationtest固结试验13.consolidationcurve固结曲线14.timefactorTv时间因子

15.coefficientofconsolidation固结系数16.preconsolidationpressure前期固结压力17.principleofeffectivestress有效应力原理18.consolidationunderK0conditionK0固结

十.抗剪强度shearstrength1.undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度

2.residualstrength残余强度3.long-termstrength长期强度4.peakstrength峰值强度5.shearstrainrate剪切应变速率

6.dilatation剪胀

7.effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulombtheory莫尔－库仑理论10.angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failurecriterion破坏准则13.vanestrength十字板抗剪强度

14.unconfinedcompression无侧限抗压强度

15.effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线16.effectivestressstrengthparameter有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutivemodel

1.elasticmodel弹性模型2.nonlinearelasticmodel非线性弹性模型

3.elastoplasticmodel弹塑性模型4.viscoelasticmodel粘弹性模型

5.boundarysurfacemodel边界面模型

6.Duncan-Changmodel邓肯－张模型7.rigidplasticmodel刚塑性模型8.capmodel盖帽模型9.worksoftening加工软化10.workhardening加工硬化11.Cambridgemodel剑桥模型12.idealelastoplasticmodel理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yieldsurface屈服面

15.elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模型16.elasticmodulus弹性模量17.Winklerfoundationmodel文克尔地基模型

十二.地基承载力--bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil1.punchingshearfailure冲剪破坏2.generalshearfailure整体剪切破化3.localshearfailure局部剪切破坏4.stateoflimitequilibrium极限平衡状态5.criticaledgepressure临塑荷载

6.stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性

7.ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载

第3/4页

力8.allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力

十三.土压力--earthpressure

1.activeearthpressure主动土压力2.passiveearthpressure被动土压力3.earthpressureatrest静止土压力4.Coulomb’searthpressuretheory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’searthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slopestabilityanalysis

1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishopmethod毕肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope边坡稳定安全系数4.Felleniusmethodofslices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slicesmethod条分法

十五.挡土墙--retainingwall

1.stabilityofretainingwall挡土墙稳定性

2.foundationwall基础墙3.counterretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantileverret