科技英语教案.docx
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科技英语教案
科技英语教案
科技英语教案
I.Teachingplan(180minutes)
1.warm-up(10minutes)
2.Detailedstudy(145minutes)
3.Translatingskillsofnominalization(24minutes)
4.Assignment(1minute)
II.Teachingsteps
1.warm-up:
(10minutes)
1).haveyoueverwatchedthemovieAbeautifulmind?
whatisthestoryabout?
2).whatarethebasicelementsofgamesandwhatisthegoaloftheparticipantsinthegame?
3).Inordertowininagame,whatkindofapproachorstrategyshouldbeapplied?
2.Detailedstudy(145minutes)
step1.Textorganization
partone:
paras.1-3
gametheorycanbedefinedasthescienceofstrategywhichstudiesbothpureconflicts(zero-sumgames)andconflictsincooperativeforms.
partTwo:
paras.4-11
Therearetwodistincttypesofstrategicimterdependence;sequentialmovegameandsimultaneous-movegame.
partThree:
paras:
12-19
Thetypicalexamplesofgametheoryaregivenasbasicprinciplessuchasprisoners’dilemma,mixingmoves,strategicmoves,bargaining,concealingandrevealinginformation.
partFour:
para.20
Theresearchofgametheoryhassucceededinillustratingstrategiesinsituationsofconflictandcooperationanditwillfocusonthedesignofsuccessfulstrategyinfuture.
step2.Detailedstudyofpartone
Terms:
gametheory,zero-sumgame,
wordsandphrases:
1)outcome:
Theoutcomeofanactivity,process,orsituationisthesituationthatexistsattheendofit
e.g:
mr.singhsaidhewaspleasedwiththeoutcome...
辛格先生说他对这一结果感到满意。
2)rear:
v.bringupandeducatechildrenrearafamily养家
IwasrearedineastTexas.我在得克萨斯州东部长大。
n.[therear]thebackpart后部、背后、后面akitchenintherearofthehouse
3)takeover:
n.公司的接收或并购
TheeconomyofhongKonggoeswellafterits~.
4)implement:
1.V.履行;实施n-counT可数名词工具;器具;用具
e.gweneedmoneytoimplementtheprogram.
~plans,policies,aprogramofreforms
knivesandotherusefulimplements.刀子和其他有用工具
5)jointly:
incollaborationorcooperationadv.共同地,联合地,连带地
e.gThetwoboysownedtheboatjointly.
joint:
n.关节,连接处adj.共有的,共同的
6)fightback:
whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.抵抗,反击,强忍住
e.gIfhehityou,whydidn'tyoufightback?
7)cutdown:
削减;减少使用
e.gIfyouspendmorethanyourincome,canyoutrytocutdown?
如果你入不敷出,可以试着减少开支吗?
contentquestions:
1.whatkindofgamesdidearlygametheorymathematiciansemphasize?
whatisthecurrentresearchfocus?
2.Aregamestrategiesdifferentfromdecisionsmadeinaneutralenvironment?
whyorwhynot?
step3.Detailedstudyofparttwo
1)whenthinkingabouthowotherswillrespond,onemustputoneselfintheirshoes,andthinkastheywould;oneshouldnotimposeone’sownreasoningonthem.
•在考虑其他博弈者会如何应对时,博弈者必须能设身处地地换位思考,而不能把自己的主观判断强加于人。
2)Incontrasttothelinearchainofreasoningforsequentialgames,agamewithsimultaneousmovesinvolvesalogicalcircle.
•paraphrase:
Agamewithsimultaneousmoverequiresalogicalcircularthinking,whichistotallydifferentfromthelinearchainofreasoningforsequentialgames
•与连续策略博弈的线性思维不同,联立策略的博弈涉及逻辑循环。
3)square:
v.与…一致,符合
•Thatexplanationsquareswiththefacts,doesn'tit...那个解释和事实相符,不是吗?
•squarethecircle:
toattemptsth.impossible做(似乎是)不可能的事情
4)whenwesaythatanoutcomeisanequilibrium,thereisnopresumptionthateachperson’sprivatelybestchoicewillleadtoacollectivelyoptimalresult.
•当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候,并不能假定博弈的每个参与者的个人最佳策略将带来共同的最优化结果。
collectively:
adv.全体的,共同的
e.g.Allmembersofthecabinetarecollectivelyresponsiblefordecisionstaken.
•所有内阁成员对所作决定集体负责。
optimal:
a.bestormostfavorable最佳的
e.g.Aimtodosomephysicalactivitythreetimesaweekforoptimalhealth.
•为了达到最佳的健康状况,要力争每周进行3次身体锻炼。
contentquestions:
1).whatistheessenceofthegame?
2).Inasequential-movegame,whatdotheplayersdo?
whileinasimultaneousgame,whatdotheplayersdo?
3).whatisthegeneralprincipleforplayersinthesimultaneousgame?
4).canyoudescribetheconceptofnashequilibrium?
howisitusedincircularreasoningofgames?
step4.Detailedstudyofpartthreeandpartfour
1).confess:
v.①confessestosth/doingsth承认,供认坦白(自己做错的事)
•shefinallyconfessedtohavingstolenthemoney.
②confesssthtosb(向神父)忏悔,告解
•Youjustgotothechurchandconfessyoursins...你干脆去教堂忏悔自己的罪过吧。
2).outweigh:
v.begreaterinweight,valueorimportancethansth
e.gTheadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.利远大于弊
•out-为前缀,意为exceeds,gobeyond
3).prisoners’dilemma:
ingametheory,theprisoners’dilemmaisatypeofnon-zerogameinwhichtwoplayerscancooperatewithordefecttheotherplayer.
4)gametheoryquantifiesthisinsightanddetailstherightproportionsofsuchmixtures.
•博弈论为提高洞察力和掌握混合性策略恰当的火候提供了参考。
5).deter:
v.~sb.fromdoingsth.使某人决定不做某事
e.gFailuredidnotdeterhimfrommakinganotherattempt.他并未因失败而畏缩不前。
6).credible:
adj.可信的,可靠的
incredible:
adj.不可思议的;惊人的;难以置信的;credibility:
n.可靠性,可信性;确实性
7).renege:
v.failtokeepapromise,one’sword食言,背信
Ifsomeonerenegedonadeal,theycouldnevertradehereagain.
谁要是违背了约定,就永远不能再在这里进行交易。
8).committo:
对…作出承诺,担负责任;致力于…;把…固定在
e.g.hehascommittedhimselftothecauseofeducation.他已决心献身教育事业。
9).monopoly:
n.①专卖权,专利权gaina~
•Insomecountries,tobaccoisagovernment~专卖品
contentquestions:
1).Intenniswhyisitcrucialforplayerstomixtheirmoves?
2).whatisbrinkmanshipstrategyingamesofconflict?
3).whatistheprocessofbargainingforplayers?
whatagreementcanbereached?
3.Thetranslatingskills——nominalization(24minutes)
nominalization(名词化结构)
1)单纯名词化结构:
指由一个或多个名词修饰一个中心名词构成的名词化结构。
waterpurificationsystem
该结构的中心名词是system,purification修饰water,因此该结构相当于asystemforthepurificationofwater
2)复合名词化结构:
指由一个中心名词和形容词、名词、副词、分词及介词短语等多个前置或后置修饰语构成。
acutebacterialperitonitis急性细菌性腹膜炎
将名词化结构译为动词
Allsubstanceswillpermitthepassageofsomeelectriccurrent,providedthepotentialdifferenceishighenough.
这里的名词passage在翻译时要译为动词“通过”。
全句译为:
只要有足够的电位差,电流便可通过任何物体。
将名词化结构译为动宾关系
Asasmall-scaleillustrationoftheartificialmodificationofphysicalweatherprocesses,takethefrostpreventioninanorchard.
划线部分的名词化结构译为“对天气的物理过程进行人工影响”
全句译为:
我们可举果园中防霜作为说明对天气的物理过程进行小尺度人工影响的例子。
4.Assignment(1minute)
Dotheexercisesofmultiplechoice,blankfilling,cloze.