届高考英语阅读冲刺练习之说明文十六.docx

届高考英语阅读冲刺练习之说明文十六.docx

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届高考英语阅读冲刺练习之说明文十六

高考英语阅读冲刺练习之说明文

（A）

It'satypicalmorning:

youwakeup,takeashower,brushyourteeth,andthenprick（刺）yourarmwithatinyneedle.Wait,what?

Unlessyouhaveaseriousdiseasesuchasdiabetes,youprobablyhaven'tevertestedyourownblood.Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.

ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedlypainlesscartridge.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoadevicethatlookslikethebaseforanelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphoneoffersyouupdatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthstatusandtipsonwhattoeatandhowtoexercise.It'struethatbloodprovidesabundantinformationaboutaperson'shealth.Specifictestscanrevealifapersonisinfectedwithadiseaseoratriskforavarietyofproblems.Butmostpeopledon'ttesttheirownbloodoften.Healthyyoungadultsgetbloodtestsapproximatelyeveryfiveyears.Corandsimilarcompaniesaretryingtochangethesituation.Theythinkpeopledeserveaccesstomoreinformationabouttheirhealth.

Butnoteveryoneisconvinced."Thebest-casescenario（情景）hereisthatyoulosemuchmoneyandthenyou'reremindedtogetmoresleepandtoeatmorefruits,vegetablesandfish,"PieterCohenofHarvardMedicalSchooltoldTheNewYorkTimes.Plus,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.It'shardtogetaccurateresultsfromatinyamountofblood.Onecompany,Theranos,saiditcouldperformmedicalbloodtestsonafingerprick'sworthofblood.Butthecompanywassoonstuckinacontroversy（（争议）andaccusedofcheatingbecauseitstechnologydidn'tworkaspromised.Thus,there'sstillalongwaytogobeforethetechnologybecomesadvanced.

1.What'sthefunctionofParagraph1?

A.Toexpressfeelings.B.Toraiseaquestion.

C.Tomakeaprediction.D.Tointroducethetopic.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cartridge"probablymean?

A.Container.B.Operation.C.Medicine.D.Scan.

3.WhydoesCorpromotehomebloodtesting?

A.Tocollectpeople'shealthinformation.B.Toofferpeoplepropersuggestions.

C.Tohelppeopletracktheirhealth.D.Tocurepeopleofblooddiseases.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardshomebloodtesting?

A.Ambiguous.B.Objective.C.Supportive.D.Uncaring.

（B）

Foranimalsthatspendmostoftheirlivesinthehightrees,gapsintheforestmightaswellbetheGrandCanyon.Thesegapsareespeciallyhardongibbons（长臂猴）;althoughlargermalescanleapacrosssomegaps,femalesandtheyoungcanbecutofffromfood,companions,andevenpotentialmates.Now,anewstudysuggestsacoupleofstrongropescouldreallyhelpbridgethegap.

GibbonsareatriskofextinctionacrossSoutheastAsia,largelybecauseofhabitatloss.Withabout30individualsleft,theHainangibbonisconsideredtherarestprimate（灵长类）onEarth.AlloftheseanimalsliveontheHainanBawanglingNationalNatureReserve.InJuly2014,atyphooncausedlandslidesacrossthereserve,creatinggapsintheforestthatweredifficultfortheseprimatestocross.

Tohelpreconnectthehabitats,professionaltreeclimberssetupanartificial"bridge"madeoftwomountaineering-graderopesacrossa15-meter-widevalley.Nearly6monthslater,thegibbonsstartedtousethebridgetocrossthegap,researchersreporttodayinScientificReports.Theteamdocumented52crossingsofagroupofeightgibbons,withmostwalkingalongoneropewhileholdingontothesecondropeforsupport,whichthescientistsnamed"handrail".Thegibbonsalsoshimmiedunderneaththeropesusingallarmsandlegstotheoppositeside.

ConservationistspreviouslybuiltartificialbridgestohelpotherspeciessuchastheBorneanorangutanandtheJavanslowloris.ButthisisthefirstexampleoftherareHainangibbonusingthem.Theropebridgescouldbeashort-termsolutiontoreconnectdisjointed（脱节的）habitats,theresearchersargue.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutgibbonsfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Rarelyaregibbonsseenforthepopulationdecline.

B.Habitatlosswastoblameforgibbons'dyingout.

C.Gibbonscouldn'tcrossgapscausedbyatyphoon.

D.Thenaturaldisastermayhaveposedathreattogibbons.

2.Whatdoestheunderlined"shimmied"likelymean?

A.Lifted.B.Grabbed.C.Swung.D.Spread.

3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thereasonsforgibbons'dyingout.B.Theimportanceofsavinggibbons.

C.Themeasurestosavegibbons.D.Thesolutiontogibbons'habitatloss.

（C）

Decadesago,NASAaskedexpertstodevelopthe"smellofspace"inordertohelpprepareastronautsfortheexperienceofouterspace.Now,aperfume,EaudeSpace,hasattractedeagerbuyers.

AccordingtotheKickstarteractivity,whichhasbeenlaunchedtosellEaudeSpace,thehistoryofthe"smellofspace"hasbeenunclearowingtovariousaccountsofitsdevelopment.Eversincethefirstspacewalk,astronautshavebeenshockedbythesmell.

NASAastronautCol.ChrisHadfieldsaid,"Theonlytimeyoucansmellspaceiswhenyoucomebackfromaspacewalk.Asyouopenthehatch（舱门）,thereisadistinctivesmell."Someastronautsandspacetouristsdescribeitasthesmelloffruit,orburntcookies.AstronautEugeneCermantalkedofanothersmellheexperienced:

"Themoonsmellslikespentgunpowder."ThesmellofspaceissodistinetthatNASAreachedouttofragrancemakerstorecreatethesmell,accordingtoNASAdocuments.

Now,themakershavecooperatedwithaward-winningperfumers（香水制造者）,andreportedthatthey'vesecuredcommercialcontractstoreproducethesmellbasedonastronauts'accounts.

At$29perbottle,EaudeSpacewillhelpsupportSTEM（Science,Technology,EngineeringandMath）programsforstudents."ForeverybottleofEaudeSpaceyoubuy,we'regoingtodonate$1toaSTEMprogramforlow-incomestudents.It'sabigpromiseandisn'tthebestdecisionforacompanytryingtomakeaprofit.But,imaginethatachildwhosmellsEaudeSpacetodayiswhippeduptobecomeanastronaut,scientistorengineer,"showsKickstarter.

EaudeSpacewillbemadeintheUKemployinglow-incomelaborandenvironment-friendlypractices,includingzeromanufacturingwaste,accordingtothecampaign.Sofar,about11,000peoplehavebecomesupporters.

1.WhywastheKickstartercampaignstarted?

A.TopromoteEaudeSpace.B.Toattractperfumemakers.

C.Toexplainthe"smellofspace".D.Torecreatethe"smellofspace".

2.WhatdoweknowaboutEaudeSpace?

A.Itsmakerswillmakeaprofitof$28perbottle.

B.Ithasbeenavailableinthemarketforalongtime.

C.Itcangetastronautsreadyfortheirspaceexperience.

D.Itssmellisdesignedaccordingtoastronauts'descriptions.

3.Whatdoesthephrase"whippedup"inParagraph5probablymean?

A.Trained.B.Inspired.C.Forced.D.Persuaded

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.EaudeSpace,aPerfumeUsedinSpace

B.EaudeSpace,aPerfumeontheWay

C.TheHistoryofDevelopingthe"SmellofSpace"

D.Astronauts'DifferentAccountsAbouttheSpaceSmell

（D）

ScientistatUniversityCollegeLondonhavediscoveredsetsofregulatorygenes,whichareresponsibleformaintaininghealthyhearing.Thefinding,madeinfruitflies,couldleadtotreatmentsforage-relatedhearingloss（ARHL）inhumans.

Globally,one-thirdofpeopleagedover65experiencehearingimpairment,andwhiletherearethoughttobemorethan150genesthatmayaffecthearingloss,thereisnounified（统一的）viewonhowtousethesetodevelophearinglosstreatments.

Inthestudy,publishedinScientificReports,researchersareattheUCLEarInstituteassessedthehearingabilityofthecommonfruitflyacrossitslifespan（around70days）toseeiftheirhearingdeclineswithage.

Afruitfly’searssharemanymolecular（分子的）similaritieswiththeearsofhumans,makingitanidealtoolforthestudyofhumanhearingloss.

ResearchersfoundthattheantennalearsoffruitfliesalsodisplayARHLwithnearlyallsensitivehearingmeasuresstartingtodeclineafter50daysofage.Thismadetheresearcherswanttoknowiftherewereany“age-variable”genesintheflies’innerearswhichhavekepttheearshealthyfor50daysoftheirlives.

Aftercloserexamination,researchersidentifiedanewsetofregulatorygenes-homeostasisgenes.Thesegenesareoftenresponsibleforpickingupsoundandtheoverallsensitivityoftheear.Usingthisinformation,scientistswerethenabletogeneticallymodify（修改）thegenesandpreventthefliesfromgettingARHL.

ProfessorJoergAlbert,leadauthorofthestudy,said:

“Whilemanystudieshavebeenconductedintothehearingfunctionoffruitflies,oursisthefirsttolookatthemechanisticandmoleculardetailoftheirauditorylifecourse.”

“Thefactthatthesegenesareconservedinhumanswillalsohelptofocusfutureclinicalresearchinhumansandtherebyacceleratethediscoveryofnewpharmacologicalorgene-therapeuticstrategies.”

1．WhatdidscientistsatUCLdiscover?

A．One-thirdofpeopleagedover65havehearingproblems.

B．Homeostasisgenesmaintainone’sabilitytohear.

C．Thereareregulatorygenesthatarerelatedtoaging.

D．Humanshaveover150genesthatcanaffecthearingloss.

2．Whywerefruitfliesusedintheresearch?

A．Theirhearingsystemissimilartothatofhumans’.

B．Theirhearingabilityalsodeclineswithage.

C．TheydisplayARHLduringtheirlifespan.

D．Theysharemanygeneswithhumans.

3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthelasttwoparagraphs?

A．Thediscoveryofnewtreatments.B．Thesignificanceofthestudy.

C．Theresultofthestudy.D．Thefuturecommercialprospects.

4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．Age-relatedhearingloss:

fruitfliesandhumans

B．Hearingloss:

acommonproblemforolderadult