Lesson 2 Hiroshima教参.docx

Lesson 2 Hiroshima教参.docx

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Lesson2Hiroshima教参

Lesson2Hiroshima—the“Liveliest”CityinJapan（Excerpts）

JacquesDanvoir

AdditionalBackgroundMaterialforTeachers’Reference

1.HiroshimaHiroshimaliesonthedeltaattheheadofHiroshimaBay,anarmoftheInlandSea.ItisthecapitalofHiroshimaprefectureandthechiefindustrialandpopulationcenteroftheChugokuregion.Hiroshimabeganasasettlementaroundacastlebuiltin1593bythefeudallordTerumotoMori.ThecastletookthenameHiroshima（“BroadIsland”）fromitslocationintheOtaRiverdelta.Intime,bridgesprovidedaccesstothedelta,andtodaymorethan80ofthemconnectthecity’ssixdeltaislandswithoneanotherandwiththemainland.HiroshimaowesitsearlydevelopmenttoitspositiononthekeylandandwaterroutesbetweencentralHonshuandtheislandofKyushu.TheAsanofamily,whocontrolledtheHiroshimaareathroughoutmostoftheTokugawaperiod（1603–1868）,promotedthecity’stradeandencouragedtheestablishmentofindustries.AftertheMeijiRestoration（1868）,Hiroshimaexpandedasamoderntransportationandindustrialcenter.Majorportfacilitieswerecompletedby1889,andfiveyearslaterthecitywaslinkedwithKobeandShimonosekibyrail.CoalfromnorthernKyushuandfromforeignsourcessupplied

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Hiroshima’sironandsteelindustry,whoseproductsinturnwereutilizedinagrowingengineeringindustry,notablyinshipbuildingandthemanufactureofcarsandtrucks.Rayonandpaperweremanufacturedfromlocaltimber.BythebeginningofWorldWarII,Hiroshimawasthe7thlargestcityinJapan,withapopulationof350,000.Duringthewaritwasaregionalarmyheadquarteraswellasamajorrailcenterandproducerofwarmaterials.At8:

15a.m.onAugust6,1945,thefirstatomicbombwasexplodedoverapointnearthecenterofHiroshima,destroyingalmosteverythingwithinaradiusof6,000to8,000feet（1,830–2,450meters）.Thedamagebeyondthisareawasconsiderable,andover71,000peoplewerekilledinstantly.Manymorelaterdiedofinjuriesandtheeffectsofradiation.Survivorswerestilldyingofleukemia（白血病）,perniciousanemia（恶性贫血症）,andotherdiseasesinducedbyradiation.Almost98%ofthebuildingsweredestroyedorseverelydamaged.TheJapanesededicatedpost-warHiroshimatopeace.TheruinsoftheInstituteofIndustrialDevelopment,withitswarpeddome,werepreservedasasymboloftheterrorofdestruction.PeacePark,whichwaslaidoutnearby,includesacenotaphmemorializingthevictimsandamuseumhousingrelicsoftheholocaust.AspecialhospitalbuiltinHiroshimatreatspeoplesufferingfromexposuretoradiationandconductsresearchintoitseffects.Thecitynowisanimportantproducerofironandsteel,motorvehicles,tractors,ships,machinery,sewingneedles,paper,textiles,andfoodproducts.

2.ThebuildingoftheatomicbombThebuildingofthefirstatomicbombiscalledtheManhattanProject.BrigadierGeneralLeslieR.Groveswasgiventhejobtoheadtheproject.

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Lesson2Hiroshima—the“Liveliest”CityinJapan（Excerpts）

OnJuly16,1945,thefirsttestbomb,nicknamed“FatMan,”wassuccessfullyexplodedontheAlamogordobombingrangeinSouthernNewMexico.Monthsbeforeenoughplutoniumwasavailable,aspecialgroupwasassignedthetaskofpreparingthefirstatomictest.Fromamilitarypointofview,theexplosionmeantthedressrehearsalfortherealdroppingofanatomicbombontheenemyfromtheair.SeveralsiteshadbeenconsideredandinspectedandfinallythedesertareacalledJornadadelMuerto（JourneyofDeath）,partoftheAlamogordobombingrangeinsouthernNewMexico,wasselectedinthesummerof1944withGeneralGroves’sapproval.ItwasgiventhecodenameTrinity.ByOctober1944theplansforTrinityCampweredrawnupandtwomonthslaterconstructionwasalreadycompleted.LateatnightonJuly14,1945,theworkofassemblywaspracticallyfinished,and“FatMan”wasleftonthetower,underarmedguard.GeneralGrovesarrivedatTrinityCampSundayafternoon,July15,1945.Theexplosionwassetforgoat5:

30a.m.At5:

10thecountdownbegan.Atminus45seconds,JoeMckibbenthrewtheswitchthatstartedthepreciseautomatictimer.“Tenseconds,”Allison’svoicepiercedthecompletesilence.“Nine,eight,seven...”Everyoneclosedhiseyesandshieldedhisfacewithhishands.At5:

29a.m.Allisonshouted,“Now.”Thefiercelightthatfollowed,almostblindinginspiteoftheirclosedeyes,wasimpossibletodescribe.Inabriefmoment,thelightwithin20mileswasequaltoseveralsunsatmidday.Itwasseeninplacesasfaras180milesaway.AtallTrinityobservationpoints,scientists,officersandtechnicianswerecongratulatingeachotherenthusiastically.“FatMan”hadworked:

theManhattanProjectwasasuccess.August5,1945wasaSunday,butLeslieGroveshadbeeninhisofficesinceearlymorning.Thedaybefore,hehadreceivedamessagefromhis

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deputyinTinian（aPacificisland）,informinghimthatweatherconditionswerefinallyexpectedtobegood,theuraniumbombwasbeingreadiedandtheB-29carryingitwasscheduledtotakeoffthenextday.TheUSSIndianapolis,carryingmostofcomponentsof“LittleBoy,”hadarrivedatTinianonJuly26.Theremainingsmallquantitiesofuranium-235arrivedaboardaC-54transportplaneafewdayslater.CaptainPassons,whohadbeenselectedbyGrovesastheweaponeerforthefirstbombingmissiontoJapan,waswaitingonTinianwiththepilot,ColonelPaulW.Tibbets,andcrewofthebomberEnolaGay.“LittleBoy”hadbeenreadyfornearlyaweek,waitingonlyforthefirstfavorableweathertobedroppedoverJapan.（Note:

“LittleBoy”isthenamegivenbytheAmericangovernmenttothefirstbombtobedroppedoverHiroshima.）

3.TheflyinglogAugust6,19450245tookoff0300startedfinalloadingofgun0315finishedloading0605headedforEmpirefromIwo0730redpluggedin0741startedclimbWeatherreportreceivedthattheweatheroverprimary（Hiroshima）andtertiary（Nagasaki）targetswasgood,butnotoversecondarytarget（Kokura）.0838leveledoffat32,700feet0847electronicfusesweretestedandfoundtobeOK0904coursewest0909targetedHiroshimainsight

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Lesson2Hiroshima—the“Liveliest”CityinJapan（Excerpts）

Thenatprecisely0915102（Tiniantime）,thebombwasdroppedonHiroshima.ThemessagesenttoGrovesbyCaptainPassonsread:

“Resultsclear-cut,successfulinallrespects.VisibleeffectsgreaterthanNewMexicotests.Conditionsnormalinairplanefollowingdelivery.”

DetailedStudyoftheText

1.Hiroshima—the“Liveliest”CityinJapan（Title）:

Theword“liveliest”isputinquotationmarkstoshowthatthisiswhatthecityissaidtobeandthewriterperhapsconsidersitironictousetheword“liveliest”todescribeacitythathadbeendestroyedbyanatomicbomb.ThearticleisaboutthedualcharacterofHiroshima,thecoexistenceoflivelinessandhiddenpain,theresultofthebomb.2.“Hiroshima!

Everybodyoff!

”（Para.1）:

1）off:

downfrom2）Everybodyoff:

Everybodyshouldnowgetoffthetrain.3）Thesewordswereshoutedbythestationmastertoinformthepassengersthatthetrainhadarrivedatitsterminaldestinationandallpassengersweretodetrain.3.Thatmustbe...slippedtoastopinHiroshimaStation.（Para.1）:

1）“Must”hereexpressesstrongprobabilityastheauthordidnotunderstandJapaneseandcouldnothavebeensure.2）intheJapanesestationmaster’suniform:

in:

（ofdress）wearingsomething.e.g.inwhite;inmourning;inrags;insilkstationmaster:

theofficialinchargeofarailwaystation3）sliptoastop:

tocometoastopsmoothlyandeffortlessly,inaglidingmanner

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4）slide,slip,glide:

Slideimpliesacceleratedmotionwithoutlosingcontactwiththeslipperysurface.Slipoftensuggestsinvoluntaryratherthanvoluntary,sometimesevendefinitelyimplyingalossoffootingandafall.Glide,ratherclosetoslide,meanstomovesmoothly,quietlyandcontinuouslyasischaracteristicofdances.e.g.Planeglideddowntotheairfield.4.Andsecondly,becauseIhadalumpinmythroatandalotofsadthoughts...mightsay.（Para.1）:

1）Ihadalumpinmythroat:

Iwaschokedwithemotion;IwassoovercomewithemotionthatIcouldnotspeakorthinkclearly.2）alumpinone’sthroat:

afeelingofpressureinone’sthroat,causedbyrepressedemotion3）alotofsadthoughtsonmymind:

Iwastroubledaboutsomesadevents;Iwasoccupiedwithsomesadthoughts.4）onone’smind:

occupyingone’sthoughts,especiallyasasourceofworry5）havetodowith:

tobeaconcernof;tobeabout;tobeconnectedwith6）Mysadthoughtshadnoconnectionwithwhatthestationmastermightsay.5.Theveryactofsteppingonthissoil...anyreportorialassignment…taken.（Para.1）:

ThefactthatIwasnowinHiroshimawasinitselfamuchmoreexcitingexperienceformethananytripIhadtakenoranyreportingworkIhaddoneinthepast.1）very:

itselfandnothingelse2）steppingonthissoil:

puttingmyfeetdownonthissoil;landinginHiroshima3）fargreater:

adverbialmodifiersofadjectiveoradverbinthecomparativedegree

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e.g.farmore;evenmore;stillmore;alotmore;muchmore;twoyearsolder;aheadtaller4）adventure:

anunusualjourneyoranexcitingorremarkableexperience5）reportorialassignment:

reportingworkforanewspaper6.WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?

（Para.