Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily Life新编大学英语第二版第二册教案.docx

Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily Life新编大学英语第二版第二册教案.docx

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Unit4PsychologyinOurDailyLife新编大学英语第二版第二册教案

Unit4PsychologyinOurDailyLife

UsefulInformation

Psychologyisayoungandgrowingsciencethattouchesonabroadrangeofhumanactivities.Ingeneral,however,onecansaythatpsychologytriestoexplainwhypeopleact,think,andfeelthewaytheydo.Psychologistsareinterestednotonlyinhowindividualmindsworkbutalsointhevariousinteractionsofmindsinsociety.Itshouldbenoticedthatpsychologyprovidesmethodsofanalyzingandunderstandinghumanbehaviorandemotionsthatarenotbasedonmoralcodes.

Itisimportantnottoconfusepsychologywithpsychiatrywhichisabranchofmedicinedealingwiththediagnosisandtreatmentofseriousmentaldisorders.Psychiatrists,whoworkinhospitals,useavarietyofmethodsincludingdrugs,lighttherapyandelectricshocktreatmentstocureortocontrolmentallydisturbedpeople.However,theworkofbothpsychiatristsandpsychologistsofteninvolvesananalyticalprocesswhichinterpretstheunconsciousorsubconsciousforcesthatpreventapersonfromfunctioningsatisfactorilyindailylife.Byanalyzingtheseforcesandmakingthepersonawareofthem,itisoftenpossibletohelpthepersondealwithhisorhermentalandemotionalproblems.

ThewholefieldofpsychoanalysisoriginatedwiththeresearchoftheAustriandoctor,SigmundFreud（1856-1939）.Accordingtohistheories,peoplearedrivenbyirrationalforcesorprimitiveinstincts.Freudbelievedthattheinnerstrugglebetweeninstinctsandconscienceoftenledtodisasterwhichwasmanifestedintheformofpersonaltragediessuchasmurderandsuicideorcollectivetragediessuchaswar.Headvocatedtheuseofpsychoanalysistohelppeoplecontrolirrationalforces.MuchofFreud'sworkwasbasedonhisinterpretationofdreamsandsexualinstincts.

TheSwissdoctor,CarlGustavJung（1875-1961）,isconsideredtobetheotherfounderofthemodernscienceofpsychology.Heproposedatheoryofthecollectiveunconscious（thepartofthemindwhichholdsthedeepestandmosthiddenthoughtsandfeelings）ofhumanitythatwasnotbasedonsexuality,butratheronuniversalsymbolsandimageswhichhecalled"archetypes."AccordingtoJung,thementalemotionalexperiencesofallhumanbeingsareinfluencedbyuniversalarchetypes.Thesearchetypesincludevariousrepresentationsofthedark,inferioranduncivilizedsideofhumanbeings.Jungusedhistheorynotonlytoanalyzedreamsbutalsomythsandfolktalesfrommanydifferentcultures.

 Thewholefieldofpsychologyhasevolvedandexpandedconsiderablysincetheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury.Therearenowmanybranchesofpsychologyanditisnolongerlimitedtoclinicalworkandtheanalysisofdreams.Overtheyears,qualitativeandquantitativeexperimentsonanimalsandhumanshaveprovidedavastamountofinformationonsocialbehavior,mentaldevelopment,emotionaldevelopment,learningprocesses,motivation,personalitydifferences,andsensoryperceptions.

 Menandwomenwithtraininginpsychologynowworkinmanydifferentcareersrangingfromtherapiststoadvertisingagents.Thefindingsofpsychologicalresearchareusedtohelpthevictimsoffamilyviolence,todesignaptitudetests,tocarryoutefficiencystudiesintheworkplace,todevelopeducationalstrategies,toconductpoliticalcampaigns,andtopredictconsumerspending.Infact,thereishardlyanyaspectofmodernsocietythathasnotbeeninfluencedinsomewaybyresearchinthefieldofpsychology.

PartOnePreparation

1.DescribingthePictures

Picture1:

Thepatientlookssad.Heiscomingoutofthehospital,carryingatestreportinhishand.Judgingfromtheblackcloudhangingoverthehospital,thedroopingflowersandtrees,andthereportwiththeword“CANCER”onit,wecanassumethathehashadaseriesoftests.

Picture2:

Themanislyinginbed.Thedoctorhasobviouslyprescribedallkindsofmedicinebecausetherearebottlesofpillsonthetablebesidethebed.Thereisalsoapieceofpaperwiththeword“will”writtenonit.Themanissodepressedthathehaswrittenhiswillbecausehethinksheisgoingtodie.

Picture3:

Themanappearsextremelyhappy.Thesunisshiningoverthehospital.Theflowersandtreesareupright.Thedoctorhastoldthemanthathedoesnothavecancerafterall.（Thereportheiscarryinghasan“X”throughtheword“CANCER”.）Onseeingtheresult,hecan’tbelievehiseyes.

Picture4:

Thesunisshining,thetreesarefulloffruitandthehospitalhasdisappeared.Themanishappy.Heappearstobesingingorwhistling.Hetakesaracketandheadsofftoplaytennis.Heishealthyandfeelsenergeticagain.

 Story:

Thisisastoryaboutamanwhohasbeentoldthatheislikelytohavecancer.Theneverythingaroundhimlooksdiscouraging.Hegoestobed,takeshismedicineandwriteshiswillbecauseheiscertainthathehascancerandhisdaysarenumbered.Thenextday,hegoesbacktothehospitalandthedoctorhasgoodnewsforhim:

thetestresultsindicatethathehasnocancer.Soheimmediatelyfeelshappy,fullofenergyandgoestoplaytennistoenjoyhimself.

2.GettingtoKnowYourClassmates

Possiblereasonsforthebeliefsandfeelings:

--Thosewholoveshoppingmayhavealotofmoneytospendandtakedelightindoingshopping.Sometimestheyhaveasenseofaccomplishmentaftershoppingisdone.Inothercases,whenpeopleareinlowspirits,theytendtodoalotofshopping.

--Somepeopledonoteatbeefbecauseoftheirreligion.Forexample,Hindusdonoteatbeef.Othersdonoteatbeefbecauseoftheirfamilyhabits.

--Busserviceinsomeplacesisverypoor.Busesareusuallycrowdedanddirty.That’swhypeopledon’tliketorideonabusandwhentheyareonabus,theywillgetsick.Theresultwillprobablybethattheyhateridingonabusevenmore.

--Thosewholovetotalktothemselvesareoftentimidandreserved.Theycanexpresstheirownfeelingsbydoingso.Somepeopledosobecausetheyarenotsureofthemselves.Theycanpracticetalkingtoothersinimagination,i.e.,byimaginingthattheyarefacingotherpeopleandtalkingwiththem.

--Somepeopleareterrifiedofsnakesbecausesomesnakesarepoisonous.Otherpeoplehatethembecausetheyareuglyanddisgusting.

--Peoplesometimesassociateviolenceandghostswithdarkness.Indarkness,peopleusuallyfeellonelyandhelpless.Andatthesametime,theyareafraidthatsomethingbadmayhappenatanymoment.

--Somepeoplethinktheyaretoofatwhencomparedwiththoseslimpeoplearoundthem.Inmostpartsoftheworld,peopleareworriedwhentheygainweightandtryeverymeanstokeepthin.Everyonehopestobegood-lookingorbeautifulandfollowthetrend.

--Thosewhoholdontotheirmoneyaslongaspossibleareusuallyverythrifty.Theyareafraidthatiftheyspendalltheirmoney,theywillhavenothingtorelyon.Withasmuchmoneyastheycansave,theycanatleasthaveasenseofsecurity.

--Peoplewhohatequeuingareimpatient.Theythinkitisawasteoftimetoqueue.Sotheytrytoavoidqueuingandsomepeoplejumpthequeuewhenpossible.

--Peoplebelieveinghostsiftheyhaveheardmanyghoststories.Somepeoplewhohavedreamedofghostsmaybelieveinthem.

--Thesepeoplebelievethateveryonehasacertainfate.Itisfatethatdetermineseverythingintheirlives.Theyareanxioustofindoutwhattheirfuturewillbelike.Sotheygotoafortunetellerinordertoknowtheirfutureinadvance.

--Thesepeoplecarealotabouttheirphysicalappearance,forexample,theywanttobeproperlydressedinordertoimpressotherpeople,ortheyprobablyareunconfidentofthemselves.Sotheywouldstandinfrontofamirrorformorethan10minutes.

3.AFunTest:

ComealongonanIncredibleJourneyintotheDesert!

BasedonJapaneseArchetypes（模型）thedesertrepresentsahardship.Eachoftheanimalsrepresentsanaspectofyourlife.Theorderinwhichyousacrificetheanimalsmightbesaidtorepresenttheimportanceofthesethingstoyou.

Theonethatyousacrificedfirstistheleastimportant,andtheonethatyoukeptisthemostimportant.

Thecowrepresentsbasicneeds.

Thesheeprepresentsfriendship.

Thelionrepresentspride.

Themonkeyrepresentscreativity.

Thehorserepresentspassion.

Anotherfuntestforyourreference:

1.Youarewalkingtoyourboy/girlfriend’shouse.Therearetworoadstogetthere.Oneisastraightpathtotakeyoutherequickly,butisveryplainandboring.Theotherissignificantlylongerbutisfullofwonderfulsightsandinterestingthings.Whichonedoyoutaketogettoyourboy/girlfriend’shouse,shortorlong?

2.Onthewayyousee2rosebushes.Oneisfullofredroses,andtheotherwhiteroses.Youdecidetopick20rosesforyourboy/girlfriend,ofanycolorcombination.Whatnumberofwhiteandreddoyoupick?

（Youcanpickallofonecolororanycomboofthetwo）.

3.Youfinallygettotheirhouse.Afamilymemberanswersthedoor.Youcanhavehimgetyourboy/girlfriendorgogethim/heryourself.Whichdoyoudo?

4.Yougouptoyourboy/girlfriend’sroom,butnobodyisthere.Youdecidetoleavetherosesthere.Doyouleavethembythewindowsill（窗台）oronthebed?

5.Later,it’stimeforbed.Youandyourboy/girlfriendgotosleepinseparaterooms.Inthemorningwhenit’stimetowakeup,yougoinhis/herroomandcheckonhim/her.Whenyouarrive,doyouthinkhe/sheismostprobablyawakeorasleep?

6.Nowit’stimetogobackhome.Doyoutaketheshort,plainroadorthelonger,moreinterestingroad?

Theanswers:

1.Theroadrepresentsyourattitudetowardsfallinginlo