最新四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解.docx
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最新四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解
四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解
大学生个性化消费增多是一种趋势。
当前社会、经济飞速发展,各种新的消费品不断增多,流行文化时尚飞速变化,处于校园与社会两者之间的大学生肯定会受影响。
目前在大学校园,电脑、手机、CD、MP3、录音笔被称为大学生的“五件武器”。
除了实用,这也是一种表明自己生活优越的炫耀性的东西。
现下很大一部分大学生中的“负债消费”表现的典型的超前享乐和及时行乐——其消费项目多半是用于奢侈浪费的非必要生活消耗。
如举办生日宴会、打网球、保龄球、上舞厅跳舞、进夜总会唱“卡拉OK”等。
“负债消费”使很多学生耽于物欲,发展严重者轻则引起经济纠纷,动武斗殴,影响同窗友谊,重则引发犯罪事件,于社会治安不利。
据了解,百分之八十的饰品店都推出“DIY饰品”来吸引顾客,一方面顺应了年轻一代喜欢与众不同、标新立异的心理;另一方面,自制饰品价格相对较低,可以随时更新换代,也满足了年轻人“喜新厌旧”的需要,因而很受欢迎。
(1)专业知识限制
据统计,上海国民经济持续快速增长。
03全年就实现国内生产总值(GDP)6250.81亿元,按可比价格计算,比上年增长11.8%。
第三产业的增速受非典影响而有所减缓,全年实现增加值3027.11亿元,增长8%,增幅比上年下降2个百分点。
1996年“碧芝自制饰品店”在迪美购物中心开张,这里地理位置十分优越,交通四通八达,由于位于市中心,汇集了来自各地的游客和时尚人群,不用担心客流量的问题。
迪美有300多家商铺,不包括柜台,现在这个商铺的位置还是比较合适的,位于中心地带,左边出口的自动扶梯直接通向地面,从正对着的旋转式楼梯阶而上就是人民广场中央,周边4、5条地下通道都交汇于此,从自家店铺门口经过的90%的顾客会因为好奇而进去看一下。
阅读
1)Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:
whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornWith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.
WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:
amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.
Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:
Mightdeafpeopleactually:
haveagenuinelanguage?
AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?
Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).
Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”
21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe_____C___.
A)anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage
B)achallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureoflanguage
C)anapproach:
tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage
D)anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage(C)
22.The,presentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby___C_____.
A)afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain
B)aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts
C)anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf
D)someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage(C)
23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis_____B___.
A)aSubstandardlanguage
B)agenuinelanguage
C)anartificiallanguage
D)aninternationallanguage(B)
24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought_____D___.
A)signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople
B)signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted
C)alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand
D)alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds(D)
25.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat____D____.
A)signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguage
B)signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguage
C)languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes
D)languageisaproductofthebrain(D)
2)Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.I’llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.
NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:
“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:
“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”
ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’yenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.
31.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?
(B)
A)ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.
B)Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.
C)Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.
D)Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.
32.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen___(A)_____.
A)thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside
B)astrongicestormtiltedtheship
C)thecruiseshipsankallofasudden
D)thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats
33.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans_____(D)___.
A)wereeagertowininternationalacceptance
B)hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit
C)wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors
D)feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII
34.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?
(D)
A)Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.
B)BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.
C)Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.
D)Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.
35.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat____(C)____.
A)theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds
B)GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII
C)theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy
D)it-iswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries
1、现代文化对大学生饰品消费的影响
我们从小学、中学到大学,学的知识总是限制在一定范围内,缺乏在商业统计、会计,理财税收等方面的知识;也无法把自己的创意准确而清晰地表达出来,缺少个性化的信息传递。
对目标市场和竞争对手情况缺乏了解,分析时采用的数据经不起推敲,没有说服力等。
这些都反映出我们大学生创业知识的缺乏;
合计50100%(三)上海的文化对饰品市场的影响)TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.『Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.』①Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,gentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.
Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.
OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,closeups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.
Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmshangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.『Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:
thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.』②Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”
Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthe