08机制Review2.docx

08机制Review2.docx

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08机制Review2

考试题型；

1，英译汉：

共40分。

有20个短语。

样题：

fracturetoughness翻译为：

断裂韧度

以下为每课的重要词汇：

认真看！

Unit1

Fracturetoughness断裂韧度plasticdeformation塑性变形fiber-reinforcedcomposite纤维增强型复合材料particle-reinforcedcomposite颗粒增强型复合材料

Unit2

plaincarbonsteel普通碳素钢ironcarbon铁碳合金hardening淬火tempering回火saltbath盐浴annealing退火

FCCfacecenteredcubic面心立方BCC体心立方

Unit3

sandcasting砂型铸造partingsurface分型面alignmentpin定位销turbineblade涡轮叶片centrifugalcasting离心铸造

Unit4

open-dieforging自由锻closed-dieforging模锻/模型锻造surfacefinish表面粗糙度

marinepropellershaft船用螺旋桨轴

Unit5

powdermetallurgy粉末冶金colduniaxialpressing,冷单向压制coldisostaticpressing,冷等静压hotisostaticpress热等静压

Unit6

Reciprocatingscrewinjectionmoldingmachine往复式螺杆注射成型机

Unit7

Rakeangle,前角clearanceangle,后角builtupedge,积屑瘤cuttingfluid,切削液

Unit8

Abrasivewheel,砂轮grindingwheel,砂轮

Unit9

Electropolishing,电解法抛光chemicalmechanicalpolishing,化学机械抛光

Unit10

Electroplating,电镀PVD（PhysicalVaporDeposition）,物理气相沉积CVD（ChemicalVaporDeposition）化学气相沉积

Unit11

Lathebed,床身headstock,主轴箱tailstock,尾座leadscrew,丝杠feedrod,光杠

Unit12

Throughhole,贯穿孔blindhole,盲孔twistdrill,麻花钻

Unit13

Drilljig,钻模

Unit14

Clearancefit,间隙配合transitionfit,过渡配合interferencefit,过盈配合shaft-basissystem,基轴制hole-basissystem基孔制

Unit15

Electricaldischargemachining,电火花加工electrochemicalmachining,ultrasonicmachining,

Unit16

Laserbeammachining,electron-beammachining,电子束加工

PartII

Unit1

Virtualmanufacturing,flexiblemanufacturingsystem,agilemanufacturing,

Unit2

∙Linearinterpolation线性内插法,circularinterpolation环形内插法

Unit3

∙Manualprogramming人工编制程序

∙,computeraidedprogramming计算机辅助程序设计

Unit4

Touchprobe接触式探头，machiningcenter,turningcenter

Unit5

∙Cartesianrobot直角坐标型机器人

∙,cylindricalrobot圆柱坐标型机器人

Unit6

Grouptechnology,

2，选择填空：

把给定的单词选择到相应的空格。

共60分。

有3篇文章。

样题：

A.partingline,B.riser,C.vibration,D.flask,E.Coreprint,F.shrinks,G.cope,H.Core,I.sand,J.drag,（此文章来自于教材Unit3）

Thecavityinthesandisformedbyusingapattern（anapproximateduplicateoftherealpart）,whicharetypicallymadeoutofwood,sometimesmetal.Thecavityiscontainedinanaggregate聚合的；集合的；合计的housedinaboxcalledthe_flask__.___isasandshapeinsertedintothemoldtoproducetheinternalfeaturesofthepartsuchasholesorinternalpassages.Coresareplacedinthecavitytoformholesofthedesiredshapes._Coreprint__istheregionaddedtothepattern,core,ormoldthatisusedtolocateandsupportthecorewithinthemold.

Ariser___isanextravoidcreatedinthemoldtocontainexcessivemoltenmaterial.Thepurposeofthisistofeedthemoltenmetaltothemoldcavityasthemoltenmetalsolidifiesandshrinks___,andtherebypreventsvoids空隙inthemaincasting.

Inatwo-partmold,whichistypicalofsandcastings,theupperhalf,includingthetophalfofthepattern,flask,andcoreiscalled_cope__andthelowerhalfiscalleddrag___,asshowninFig.3.1.Thepartinglineorthepartingsurfaceislineorsurfacethatseparatesthecopeanddrag.Thedragisfirstfilledpartiallywithsand___,andthecoreprint,thecores,andthegatingsystemareplacednearthepartingline___.Thecopeisthenassembledtothedrag,andthesandispouredonthecopehalf,coveringthepattern,coreandthegatingsystem.Thesandiscompactedbyvibration___andmechanicalmeans.

下面的文章都要认真阅读！

Electroplatingisanelectrochemicalprocessbywhichmetalisdepositedonasubstrate基质；基片bypassingacurrentthroughthebath.

∙Usuallythereisananoden.[电]阳极，正极（positivelychargedelectrode）,whichisthesourceofthematerialtobedeposited;theelectrochemistrywhichisthemediumthroughwhichmetalionsareexchangedandtransferredtothesubstratetobecoated;andacathode（negativelychargedelectrode）whichisthesubstratetobecoated.

Platingisdoneinaplatingbathwhichisusuallyanon-metallictank（usuallyplastic）.Thetankisfilledwithelectrolyte电解液whichhasthemetal,tobeplated,inionicform.

Theanodeisconnectedtothepositiveterminalofthepowersupply.Theanodeisusuallythemetaltobeplated（assumingthatthemetalwillcorrodeintheelectrolyte）.Foreaseofoperation,themetalisintheformofnuggetsandplacedinaninertmetalbasketmadeoutnon-corrodingmetal（suchastitaniumorstainlesssteel）.

Thecathodeistheworkpiece,thesubstratetobeplated.Thisisconnectedtothenegativeterminalofthepowersupply.Thepowersupplyiswellregulatedtominimizeripplesaswelltodeliverasteadypredictablecurrent,undervaryingloadssuchasthosefoundinplatingtanks.

Asthecurrentisapplied,positivemetalionsfromthesolutionareattractedtothenegativelychargedcathodeanddepositonthecathode.Asareplenishmentforthesedepositedions,themetalfromtheanodeisdissolvedandgoesintothesolutionandbalancestheionicpotential.（此文章来自于教材Unit10）

Itisknownthatmetalsareveryimportantinourlife.Metals（金属）havethegreatestimportanceforindustry.Allmachinesandotherengineeringconstructions（结构）havemetalparts,someofthemconsistonlyof（由…构成）metalparts.

Therearetwolargegroupsofmetals:

1）Simplemetals–moreorless（或多或少）purechemicalelements.

2）Alloys（合金）–materialsconsistingofsimplemetalcombinedwith（与…结合）someotherelements（元素）.

Abouttwothirdsofallelementsfoundintheeartharemetals,butnotallmetalsmaybeusedinindustry.Thosemetalswhichareusedinindustryarecalledengineeringmetals（工程金属）.Themostimportantengineeringmetalisiron（Fe）（铁）,whichintheformofalloyswithcarbon（C）（碳元素）andotherelements,findsgreaterusethananyothermetal.Metalsconsistingofironarecalledferrousmetals（黑色金属）.Themostimportantnonferrousmetalsarecopper（Cu）（铜）,aluminum（Al）（铝）,lead（铅）（Pb）,zinc（锌）（Zn）,tin（锡）（Sn）,butallthesemetalsareusedmuchlessthanferrousmetals,becausetheferrousmetalsaremuchcheaper.

Engineeringmetalsareusedinindustryintheformofalloysbecausetheproperties（特色）ofalloysaremuchbetterthanthepropertiesofpuremetals.Onlyaluminummaybelargelyusedintheformofsimplemetal.Metalshavesuchagreatimportancebecauseoftheirusefulpropertiesortheirstrength,hardness,andplasticity（弹性）.

Differentmetalsareproducedindifferentways,butalmostallthemetalarefoundintheformofmetalore（矿石）（ironore,copperore,etc）.Theoreisamineral（矿物质）consistingofametalcombinedwithsomeimpurities（杂质）.Inordertoproduceametalfromsomemetalore,wemustseparatetheseimpurities（杂质）frommetalthatisdonebymetallurgy（冶金术）.

Theworldismadeupofmatters.Therearesomanydifferenttypesofmaterialsintheworld.Werefertothematerialsappliedinengineeringfieldasengineeringmaterials.Therearealotofclassificationschemesaboutengineeringmaterials.Accordingtothechemicalelement,engineeringmaterialscanbedividedintometalsandnonmetals.Accordingtotheiruseinmanufacturing,engineeringmaterialscanbeclassifiedintotwomajorcategories:

toolmaterialsandworkpartmaterials.

Metalmaterialshavesomefundamentalproperties,suchashardness,strength,density,thermalconductivityandsoon.Themostimportantmetalmaterialsinmanufacturingarecastironandsteel.Castironandsteelarebothironcarbon.Castironusuallycontains2to4.5percentcarbon,0.5to3percentsilicon,andlesseramountsofsulfur,manganese,andphosphorus.Itishard,brittleandnonmalleable,soitiscommonlyusedincastingintovariousshapes.Steelcontains0.2and1.5percentcarbon,oftencontainsotherconstituentssuchasmanganese,chromium,nickel,molybdenum,copper,tungsten,cobaltetc.toachievecertainpropertiesneeded.Steelisnotonlyhardandstrong,butmalleableonaccountoflowercarboncontent,soithasbeenusedmorewidely.Therearealsoothermetalmaterialsusedinmanufacturingsuchasaluminum&aluminumalloy,copper&copperalloy,titaniumalloyandsoforth.

Themostwidelyusednonmetalmaterialsmaybeengineeringplastics.Plasticsareorganiccompoundsproducedbypolymerization.Thecommonengineeringplasticscanbegroupedintotwotypesthatarethermoplasticandthermosettingplastics.ThermoplasticsincludePE（polyethylene）,PVC（PolyvinylChloride）,PP（polypropylene）,PS（polystyrene）,ABS,nylon,andsoon.ThermosettingplasticsincludeEP（epoxy）,bakelite,andsoon.Duetoitsgoodplasticityandfluidity，theplasticcannotonlybeusedininjectionmolding,butalsobeextrudedorcastintoshapes.Therubberisanothermajorcategoryinnonmetalmaterials.Itcanbedividedintonaturalrubberandsynthetic（合成的）rubberaccordingtothesourceofrawmaterials.Becauseofitshighelasticity（弹性）andelectricinsulation,rubbercanbeusedinmakingtires,shockabsorbers,airproofloopsandelectricdevices.Nowmoreandmorecompositesareusedinengineering,especiallyinaerospace,biomedicine.Compositesarecombinedwithtwoormoredistinctmaterials.Itcanbedividedintothreetypes:

fiber-reinforced,particulate,andlaminatedcomposites.

Toolmaterialsmaybeeithermetalornonmetal.High-speedsteelandcarbidearethemostwidelyusedmetaltoolmaterials.Nonmetaltoolmaterialsincludeceramic,diamondandCBN（CubicBoronNitride）.

Workpartmaterialsalsoinvolvemetalandnonmetal.Plasticscanbeusedinmakingautomobilelamps,panels,toysandsoon.Metalcanbeusedinmanufacturingvarietyofparts.Takelatheasanexample,Castironcanbeusedinmanufacturingheadstockandbed.However,spindleandgearsaremadeofsteel.

Metalwo