江苏自学考试英语本科《泛读三》学习笔记.docx
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江苏自学考试英语本科《泛读三》学习笔记
Unit1UniversityandTheirFunction
TextA
词汇
superfluous:
多余的impart：
传授
faculty：
教职员工elicit：
bringout
justification：
正当的理由beconsistentwith:
与……一致
preserve：
保持feeble：
weak
zest：
激情temperate:
温和的
arisefrom：
来自construe：
explain
transform：
change改变hamper:
阻碍
energizeas:
catalyst激励acquisition：
控制力
divorceassertion：
断言
illuminate：
富于启发的inobedienceto:
accordingto
ingreatmeasurefatigue:
tired
slight:
littlereliability:
trust
weld:
combineobstinacy:
stubbornness固执
pedant：
老学究letters:
arts
reflection：
思考prolong:
longperiodof
flinch:
drawback退缩dull：
迟钝
engage：
从事drudgery:
uninterestinghardwork苦差工
modes:
kindsruleofthumb：
凭经验
interlocking:
interwoven相互交织bindingforces:
unity团结的力量
句子释义
1、Itisenergizingasthepoetofoutdreams,andasthearchitectofourpurpose.
A:
Iftaughtimaginatively,studentswillbeabletoassociateapurefactwithvariousmeaning,seeingafactasanagentthatcanbringoutourdreamsinapoeticfashionandhelparrangeourpurposesintoorderlystructure.
2、Itenablementoconstructanintellectualvisionofanewworld,anditpreservesthezestoflifebythesuggestionofsatisfyingpurposes.
A:
Peoplewithimaginationwillbeabletoformanewoutlookwhichisdifferentfromthatofpeoplewithoutimagination.Imaginationiscapableofpreservingpeople’senthusiasmforlifebecauseitcanshowpeoplethatlifehasmanypurposeswhichcanbepleasing.
3、Itrequiresthatdisciplineofcharacterwhichcansay“yes”and“no”toothermen,notbyreasonofblindobstinacy,butwithfirmnessderivedfromaconsciousevaluationofrelevantalternatives.
A:
Afirmcharactershouldbeabletodecidetosay“yes”or“no”toother’spointsofviewaftertakingallrelevantchoicesintocarefulconsideration.Suchadecisionisnotmadeoutofunreasonablestubbornness.
4、Theconductofbusinessnowrequiresintellectualimaginationofthesametypeasthatwhichinformertimeshasmainlypassedintothoseotheroccupations.
A:
Inthepast,intellectualimaginationwasrequiredofprofessionalssuchasthepriests,thelawyers,thestatesmen,thedoctors,themenofscienceandartsasmentionedaboveintheirwork.Nowbusinesspeopleshouldbeabletoapplythiskindofimaginationintotheirwork,too.
5、Thereisnoreasonwhybusinessmen,andotherprofessionalmen,shouldnotpickuptheirfactsbitbybitastheywantthemforparticularoccasions.
A:
Imaginationandfactsarenotmutuallyexclusive.Peopletrainedinimaginationshouldbeabletopickupfactswhennecessary.
问答
1、primaryfunctionofuniversity:
imaginativeteachingandlearning.
2、Howdoesimaginationthrowlightonthefacts？
Itworksbyelicitingthegeneralprinciples,
thenbyanintellectualsurveyofalternativepossibilities
Itenablesmentobuildanintellectualvisionofnewworld
anditpreservesthezestoflifebythesuggestionofsatisfyingpurposes.
3、Analyzetherelationshipbetweenimaginationandexperience.
Youthisimaginative,andiftheimaginationbestrengthenedbydiscipline,itcaningreatmeasurebeperseveredthoughlife.Thetragedyoftheworldisthatthosewhoareimaginativeistoweldtogetherimaginationandexperience.
4、Whatknowledgeareyousupposedtoacquire?
Psychologiesofpopulationengagedindifferingmodesofoccupation.
5、Howpreventprolongedroutineworkfromdullingourimagination?
A：
Promotingtheimaginativeconsiderationofthevariousgeneralprinciplesunderlyingthatcareer.
翻译
1、Theuniversitiesareschoolsofeducation,andschoolsofresearch.Buttheprimaryreasonfortheirexistenceisnottobefoundeitherinthemereknowledgeconveyedtothestudentsorinthemereopportunitiesforresearchaffordedtothemembersofthefaculty.
T:
大学是实施教育的机构，也是进行研究的机构。
但大学之所以存在，主要原因并不在于仅仅向学生们传播知识，也不在于仅向教师们提供研究的机会。
2、Thejustificationforauniversityisthatitpreservestheconnectionbetweenknowledgeandthezestoflife,byunitingtheyoungandtheoldintheimaginativeconsiderationoflearning.
T:
大学存在的理由是，它使青年和老年人融为一体，对学术进行充满想象力的探索，从而在知识和追求生命的热情之间架起了桥梁。
3、Afactisnolongerabarefact:
itisinvestedwithallitspossibilities.Itisnolongeraburdenonthememory:
itisenergizingasthepoetofourdreams,andasthearchitectofourpurposes.
T:
当一个事实不再是简单的事实：
它具有了自身所有的各种可能性，它不再是记忆的一个负担：
他充满活力，像诗人一样激发了我们的能像，像设计师为我们制定目标。
4、Thetragedyoftheworldisthatthosewhoareimaginativehavebutslightexperience,andthosewhoareexperiencedhavefeebleimagination.Thetaskofauniversityistoweldtogetherimaginationandexperience.
T:
人类的悲剧在于，那些富有想象力的人缺少经验，而那些有经验的人则想象力贫乏。
愚人没有知识却凭想象办事；书呆子缺乏想象力但凭知识行事。
而大学的任务就是将想象力和经验融为一体。
5、Weneednotflinchfromtheassertionthatthemainfunctionofsuchaschoolistoproducemenwithagreaterzestforbusiness.
T:
我们无需害怕这样的说法，即一所商业学校的主要作用就是培养具有较高经商热情的人才。
6、Itrequiresanimaginativeunderstandingoflawsofpoliticaleconomy,notmerelyintheabstract,butalsowiththepowertoconstruethemintermsoftheparticularcircumstancesofaconcretebusiness.
T:
它需要充满想象力去理解政治经济学的原理，不仅仅从理论上，还要具备根据具体商业活动的特殊情况解释这些原理的能力。
7、Itrequiresthatdisciplineofcharacterwhichcansay“yes”and“no”toothermen,notbyreasonofrelevantalternatives.
T:
它需要对人的性格进行那样的训练，使他对周围的人做出“是”或“否”的回答时不是出于盲目的固执，而是出于对相关可选择的方案进行自觉评价后得到的明确答案。
8、Inanylargeorganizationtheyoungermen,whoarenovices,mustbesettojobswhichconsisincarryingoutfixeddutiesinobediencetoorders.
T:
在任何一种庞大的组织中，那些比较年轻的新手必须从事这样一类工作：
遵照他人的吩咐去做固定工作。
9、Therecanbenocriticismofthecustom,buttheremaybeanunfortunateeffect—prolongedroutineworkdullstheimagination.
T:
对这种符合惯例的做法不会有任何批评，但它却可能导致一种不幸的后果—长时间按固定的程序使人的想象力变得迟钝。
TextB
facileofspeech:
abletoexpressoneselfeasilyinfluentlanguage
Unit2MotherTongue
TextA
词汇
variations:
changessteering:
giveadviseto指导
fascinated:
被迷住disprove:
证明……是错
switch:
changeenroll：
注册
intimacy：
亲密freelancer：
自由撰稿人
quote：
引用quandary：
窘境
transcribed：
抄写envision：
想象
showup:
turnupwatered-down:
weakandnoteffective
untrueintent：
打算
converse:
talkcounted：
起作用
withease:
freelyverdict：
观点
wince:
flinch退缩evoke:
summonup引起
perception:
viewpoint感觉lengthy:
long
beashamedofsth/todosthadopt：
收养
reflect：
反映belie：
showsthtobeuntrue使…成为谎言
adolescent:
veryyoungcashout：
兑现
whisperingloudly：
矛盾修辞behold:
look
routine：
例行共事insular：
孤立的
benign：
良性的override:
replace
budge：
屈服forlackof
peers：
peopleofthesameageimpeccable：
无可挑剔的
blockoutof：
挡住
句子释义
1、Ithasbecomeourlanguageofintimacy.
A:
ThekindofbrokenEnglishmymotheruseshasbeenusedinthefamilywhenmetalkaboutourpersonalmatters.
2、Mymother’sexpressivecommandofEnglishbelieshowmuchsheactuallyunderstands.
A:
Mymother’sbrokenEnglishoftengivespeopleanimpressionthatsheknowslittle,butinfactsheunderstandsalot.
3、Whereas,formeatleast,theanswersonEnglishtestwerealwaysajudgmentcall,amatterofopinionandpersonalexperience.
A:
Inmyopinion,aquestioninlanguagetestsshouldnothavejustonecorrectanswer;instead,itrequirestheexamineestomakeajudgment,expressanopinionandrelatethequestiontotheirpersonalexperience.Inotherwords,alanguagequestioncouldhavemultipleanswer.
4、Icouldnotblockoutofmymindtheimages.
A:
AlthoughIknewthetestsmeanttouse“sunsetistonightfall”toimplyalogicalrelationshipratherthanconcreteimages,Icouldn’thelpimaginingbeautifulpicturesofsunsetandnightfall.
5、Ihadsucceededwhereitcounted.
A：
IhadsucceededinrespectswhichIdeemedimportant.
问答
1、poweroflanguage:
thewayitcanevokeanemotion,avisualimage,acomplexidea,orasimpletruth.Languageisthetoolofmytrade.
1、WhataboutthefeatureofTan’stalkgivelargepeopleandhermother?
Largepeople:
carefullywroughtgrammaticalphrases,nominalizedforms,pastperfecttenses,conditionalphrases.
Hermother:
vivid,direct,fullofobservationandimagery,brokenorfracturedEnglish.
2、Towexamplesimplyfornewimmigrantswithlittle
Englishproficiency:
discriminationfrommainstreamofsociety.
4、hermother’sEnglishhadlimitedherpossibilitiesinlife,why?
Aperson’sdevelopinglanguageskillsaremoreinfluencedbypeers.
5、themostimportantandfavorablerolehermotherhadplayed:
buildthestyleofherlanguage.
翻译
1、Inthisessay,TantriestolegitimizeChineseAmericanEnglish,thelanguagespokenbyhermother,assimplyanotherAmericandialectandsaysthatitshouldnotbecalled“brokenEnglish.”
T:
在这篇文章中，唐试图赋予中式英语合法性，她母亲所说的英语不能被称为是不规范的英语，而应该认为这仅仅是又一种美国方言。
2、Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage—thewayitcanevokeanemotion,avisualimage,acomplexidea,orasimpletruth.Languageisthetoolofmytrade.
T:
花了很长的时间思考语言的魔力—它可以激发感情，启发视觉图像，一个复杂的观念，或者是一个简单的真理，语言是我的事业的工具。
3、Anditwasperhapsthefirsttimeshehadheardmegivealengthyspeech,usingthekindofEnglishIhaveneverusedwithher.
T:
也许这是她是第一次听我做这种冗长的演讲，而且使用一种和她交谈用的所截然不同的英语。
4、Youshouldknowthatmymother’sexpressivecommandofEnglishbelieshowmuchsheactuallyunderstands.
T:
你应该知道我母亲对英语的出色的领悟能力掩饰了了她真正懂得多少。
5、WehadassurancestheCATscanwouldbefound,promisesthataconferencecallonMondaywouldbeheld,andapologiesforanysufferingmymotherhadgonethroughforamostregrettablemistake.
T:
我们被承诺扫描图会找到，并且星期一会举行电话会议，并且对由于令人遗憾的错误所带给母亲的痛苦表示歉意。
6、Ithinkmymother’sEnglishalmosthadaneffectonlimitingmypossibilitiesinlifeaswell.
T:
我想母亲的英语在某种程度上也限制了我生活上的可能性。
7、Whereas,formeatleast,theanswersonEnglishtestswerealwaysajudgmentcall,amatterofopinionandpersonalexperience.
T:
而英语测试，至
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