呼啸山庄英文版论文.docx

呼啸山庄英文版论文.docx

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呼啸山庄英文版论文

湖北省高等教育自学考试英语专业

毕业论文

题目：

简析《呼啸山庄》中爱情悲剧的必然性

准考证号：

学生：

王青翠

指导老师：

刘军平

武汉大学外语学院制

2009年10月

BriefAnalysisLoveTragedies’Inevitabilityon

WutheringHeights

WangQingcui

Tutor:

LiuJunping

October2009

论文摘要

《呼啸山庄》——才华洋溢的女作家艾米莉·勃朗特唯一的小说，在英国十九世纪文坛的灿烂星群中放出独特的、闪着异彩的光芒。

它被誉为“19世纪最奇特的小说”、“一出灵魂的戏剧”、“一个女作家所能写出的最好的散文诗”。

　真正意义上接触《呼啸山庄》是在英美文学课上，世人都为希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳那种撕心裂肺的爱而震撼。

毛姆认为小说中最感人的就是希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情，他说“我从未读过像《呼啸山庄》这样把爱情的痛苦、强烈、残酷描写得如此逼真的小说”。

　他们的爱在震撼人的同时有给后人留下了更多的思考。

爱情从其在人类精神中形成至今，始终带上了浓郁的悲剧色彩。

它的悲剧总是滋生于有它所特有的社会根源与时代的局限性，主人公的个性特点、矛盾的心理是推动其发展的动力。

他们的悲剧是一种必然性。

本文主要揭示其社会根源与时代的局限性对《呼啸山庄》中的爱情的重大影响，同时考察了男女主人公在行动上、性格上和对待爱情和婚姻的态度及差异。

最终指出他们的爱就像荒原上的北风一样，狂野、暴虐、无所阻挡，完全突破了既有的爱情模式，是超越现实的、非人类的爱情，是注定悲剧的。

他们的爱情悲剧是社会的悲剧，是时代的悲剧，也是他们自我所造的悲剧。

关键词：

呼啸山庄；艾米莉·勃朗特；爱情悲剧

Abstract

WutheringHeights---thetalentedEnglishwriter'sonlynovel.Itreleasesunique,shiningandsplendidgloryinthebrilliantliteraryconstellationofthenineteenthcentury.Itisknownas"19thcentury'smostpeculiarnovel","asoulofdrama"and"awritercouldwritethebestprosepoem".

Onrealsignificance,it’sintheAnglo-AmericanliteratureclassthatIamfamiliarwithWutheringHeights.AllthepeopleareshockingbythiskindpiercingloveofHeathcliffandCatherine.SomersetMaughamthinksthatthemosttouchingthinginWutheringHeightsistheloveofHeathcliffandCatherine.AndhesaidhehasneverreadsucharealisticnovelasWutheringHeightsthatputsthepain,strongandcrueldescriptionintolove.

Theirloveshockspeople,atthesametime;italsoleavesmanythoughtstoposterity.Lovehasalwaysbeentobringrichcolorstothetragedyfromitsformationofthehumanspirit.Itstragedyisalwaystheretobreedinthecharacteristicsocialrootsanditslimitationsofthetimes,andthehero'spersonalityandambivalencearetopromoteitsdevelopment.Theirtragedyisinevitability.

Inthispaper,itwillrevealthatthesocialrootsandlimitationsmakequiteanimpactonWutheringHeightsanditwillstudytheheroes'differencesinactionandattitudetowardsloveandmarriage.Finally,itwillpointoutthattheirloveislikethenorthwindonthemoors,wildandviolent.Andthelovewhichisbeyondtherealisticbreaksthroughtheoriginalmodel.Itisdoomedtotragedy.Thetragedyisthesocialtragedy,thetimes'tragedy,butalsotheirself-madetragedy.Itisinevitability.

KeyWords:

WutheringHeights;EmilyBronte;LoveTragedy.

BriefAnalysisLoveTragedy’Inevitabilityon

WutheringHeights

Ⅰ.Introduction

Publishedinl847,EmilyBronte’smasterpieceWutheringHeightscounteredwithcountlessunfavorablevoicesandutterances.Forseveralgenerations,theWutheringHeightshasbeenexertinggreatfascinationsoveritsreaders.AlthoughWutheringHeightsisheronlynovelbutitcertainlyproveshergeniusinrenderingcaptivatingdescriptionandsuperpassion.

Ittellsastoryaboutloveandrevenge.Inthe19thcentury,onestrangeboynamedHeathcliffisbroughttoWutheringHeightsfromLiverpoolbyMr.Earnshaw.HeliveswithEarnshaw’ssonHindleyanddaughterCatherine.HindleyhatesHeathcliff,whileCatherinelikeshim.AfterEarnshawdied,HindleybecomestheleaderofthefamilyandheregardsHeathcliffasservant,soHeathcliffisinsultedandill-treated.However,CatherineandHeathcliffbecomegoodfriendsandloveeachothergradually.Mr.EdgarthenextdooroftenvisitsWutheringHeightstopursueCatherineandshealsoshowslovetohim,too.WhensheagreestomarryEdgar,Heathcliffgoesawaywithanger.Astimegoeson,Heathcliffbringslove,jealousy,hatred,andrevengeintotheEarnshawsandtheLintons.Itdoesnotbringhimrealcomforttoruinotherpeople’shappiness.Heathcliffisimmersedinmentalpainandeventuallyhedestroyshimselfanddiesofdespondent.

InWutheringHeights,HeathcliffandCatherinerevoltHindley’spunishmentandruninthewilderness.Theyarelonelychildren.Onthispoint,theyareidenticalinspiritandsoul.WhenCatherinebetraysHeathcliffandmarriestoEdgar,theylostechoofsoulsandthusbothofthemsufferagreatpain.Finally,theyhadnochoicebuttodeathtonegatethephysicalseparation,inordertoachievethesoul.Theirloveisassociatedwiththeabnormalandtheabsurd.

Ⅱ.Creativebackground

Socialorigin

Thelovetragedyreflectsthesocialbackground.Thesocietyisthesourceofthelovetragedy.Asweallknow,EmilyBrontelivedinVictorianTimesforthreedecades.ThosethreedecadesaretheeraofunrestsocietyintheUnitedKingdom.Thattime,theIndustrialRevolutionaffectedalltheEngland,eventhewholeworld:

capitalismwasdevelopingandincreasingexposuretoitsinherentdefects.Followedbyaconflictbetweenworkersandcapitalists,thegovernmenthadissuedanumberoflawstoprotecttheinterestsoftherich,sothegapbetweenrichandpoorwasgrowing.Theunemployedworkerswereinpovertyandalargenumberofchildlaborhadbeenbrutallytorturedtodeath.Thiswasfollowedbytheoutbreakofthefamous"Charterofmovement",andtheBritishGovernmenttookhigh-pressureondemocraticstruggleandthelabormovement.Thattime,everyEnglishman'smindwaslikegoingthroughahurricane,eveninnorthremoteareas,thelandownerscouldnolongerbelikebeforethathadnothingtosuffer.Ourwriter,EmilyBronte,wasborninthiseraofstruggle.

Theauthor'ssourcesfromherself

Theauthor'slivingenvironment

EmilylivedinaremotedesolateYorkshire.Inthewestofthehousetherewasanendlessmoor,coveredwithheather.Therewasalsoastalechurchyard.Shewasborninapoorfamilypriest.Whenshewasyoung,hermotherdied,andherlifewasdistress.Alloftheeducationwasmainlyfromhisfather.Inordertomaintaintheirlivelihood,heroldsisterCharlotteBronte,heryoungsisterAnneBronteandshehadtobeateacher,whichsufferedfromhumiliation,feelingofdiscriminationandloneliness.Thisisherliterarysourceofpessimism.

Theauthor'swayoflife

Thebarren,remote,gloomyandeccentriclivingenvironmentandthenaturalsilencemadeEmilyisolated.EmilyseldomleftthegloomyYorkshiremoorsthatbeyondone'simagination.Sheandhersistersoftengotothewestofthewildernesstotakeawalk.But,inadditiontothechurchandtogowalking,shealmostgoeswithoutleavinghome.It'sanenclosedenvironment,makingherworkshowrareoriginalityandsendoutafreshandnaturalauthenticityoftheartisticcharm.Whenshecouldnotrestrainastrongemotional,writingbecameheronlyexpressionofemotion.Itwasalongtimetogetthemindforherselfsinceshebeguntoseekcompensationfromcreativityandimagination.It’sthesourceofWutheringHeights.

Theauthor'spersonality

EmilyBrontewasgrowingupwithfather'stoughandindifference.Sheisprematurelossofthemother'saffectionandprotectionandshouldfightbackhisfather'sharshandcold.Emilyhasthesenseofinferiority,timidandintrovertedduringchildhood.Sheisineptandunwillingtobegregarious.Shelongsforlove,buthasn'tlove;shedesirestobeunderstood,butnottobeunderstood.Thewayoflifeabove-mentionedmakesherdeveloptheappearanceofcalmandtheinneroffirmness.Theclosedcharactermakesherbecomedepressed,stubborn,headstrong,sullen,andintolerance.SheportraysthecharacterofHeathcliffjustlikeherself.ShehasinvestedthewholeherselftotheHeathcliffdevotingherstrongpassion,angerandnon-violentstruggle.WecanseethatHeathcliffisEmily'sself-soul.

Summary

Emily,whoownedaveryintrovertedcharacter,livedinanextremelysmallspaceandindulgedinfantasiestemperamentthatshegraduallyindulgedintheliteraryimaginationofitsownconstructedworld.Shesufferedfrompovertyofphysicalworldandhelplessnessofspiritualworld.Lonelinessmadeherthephysicalandemotionalworldwasfullofasenseofextremedisappointmentandshattered.

InWutheringHeights,thereisno“I”;thereisnofamilyschoolmarmandthereisno“landlord”.Thereis“love”;however,itisn’tthelovebetweenmanandwoman.Emilyisurgedbysomecommonviewsandsheputthemtogetherinonebookfromthedamagedworld.

Therefore,Emilydesiredtoexpressherfeelingthroughthelovetragedyofrichandintensefantasyfeatures,andexpressedherstrongdissatisfactionwithsocialreality.ThesejustcreatedtheconditionsforthebirthofWutheringHeights.

Ⅲ.Tragedy’sReason

3.1DirectReason

Theclassdifferenceisthedirectcauseoftheclasssociety,whichleadtotheirlovetragedy.Livinginthatsocietywherewasfulloftheviewofclassdifferences,CatherineandHeathcliff’stragicfatewasinevitable.Theyweredestinedtobecomethevictimsofclasssociety.

CatherineandHeathcliffhadtobeartheoppressedfromtheMansions.CatherinewasthedaughterofWutheringHeights,andHeathcliffwasagypsyboy,whowasabandonedfromhisearlyage.Theyareinthedifferentstatus.TheclassdifferenceisthefirstMansions.Catherinefailedtobreakthroughit.ThenextMansionisHindley.Hindleycoulddowhateverhewantedtodo,becauseCatherineandHeathcliffwhowerethesubordinatestatusandwereinthelowlevel.Theyhadnopropertyandnorighttochoose,therefore,inthefightagainstthetyrannyofHindley,theywereclosedtotheother.Catherinesaid,"IamHeathcliff".However,inthesocietywhichfullofprejudiceandstrongsenseofclassdifferences,thiskindoflovewasfragileandCatherinerealizedtheirpoorsocialstatusandeventuallymarriedtoEdgar.

ForCatherine,theonlywayoutwastocomplywithsocialvaluesandmarriedtoamanwhohadalmostthesamestatuswithh