听力材料Unit8.docx

听力材料Unit8.docx

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听力材料Unit8

Unit8

Part1SpotDictation

Onceuponatime,all-oralmostall-businesseswere

（1）greedyandrapacious*,sparingathoughtfortheir

（2）workersortheenvironmentonlyinorderto（3）workouthowtoexploitthem.Thenbossesfoundtheir（4）consciences,guided（orsometimesforced）by（5）customersorcriticsfromthe（6）non-profitworld.Theydiscoveredtheideathatcompaniesshouldnotexistonlytomakeaprofitbutto（7）servesociety.Thuscorporatesocialresponsibility（CSR）gotits（8）startasabusinessfashion,anditisnowhardtofindafirmthathasnot（9）comeupwithanearnest（10）statementaboutitsrelationswiththewiderworld.Thankstothisdevelopment,everyone,both（11）withinandoutsidethebusiness,willlivehappily（12）everafter.

Orwillthey?

Inthepasttwo（13）decades,asCSRhasbecomemoreandmorepopular,its（14）virtueshavepassedmoreorless（15）unquestioned.Thatisapity.Evenifit（16）turnsouttobeagooddevelopmentforbusinessesandsocietyalike,itoughttobeableto（17）standalittlemorerigorous*scrutiny*.Shouldcompanymanagersbeallowedto（18）divertpotentialprofits-moneythatwouldotherwisebereturnedtoshareholders-to（19）charities?

Shouldfirmsrefusetodobusinessintroubledcountries?

Are（20）recyclingefforts,ifmoreexpensiveandlessefficient,worthpursuing?

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.

（RefertoTapescript）

Part2listeningforGist

SmallretailersacrosstheUnitedStatesarefacingthesamechallenge:

competitionfromshoppingmallsandchainstores.But,indowntownDickson,Tennessee,agroupofretailmerchantshavebandedtogethertowinbacktheircustomerswhohavebeenattractedtoshoppingareasintheneighboringbigcity.

DicksonisatypicalsmallAmericancity.Ithasquietresidentialareasandanicelittledowntownthatwasonceathrivingretailcenter.ButaccordingtoDavidHamilton,presidentofDickson'sChamberofCommerce,highwayconstructionoverthepastseveralyearschangedthat.Beingjust65kilometersawayfromabigcitylikeNashville,MrHamiltonsays,presentsanotherchallengetoDickson'sdowntownshoppingarea."Becausewe'resoclosetoNashville,andbecausesomanypeopleworkinNashville,whentheythinkaboutshopping,theythinkofgoingtoNashvillemalls."

ButsmallbusinessownersindowntownDicksondidn'tgiveup.Instead,theydecidedtofightback.Morethan40ofthemfoundedtheRetailMerchantsAssociationofDowntownDickson.Membersofthenewassociationarecommittedtosuccess;theypaymonthlyduesandmeetperiodicallytosuggestanddiscusscreativewaysofattractingmoreshopperstodowntown.MrWilliamssaysoneideaiscreatingeventsmodeledontheannualChristmasparadethroughthedowntownareathatattractsalargenumberofcityresidents.Freerefreshmentsandgiveawayswillbepartoftheseregularevents.MrWilliamssaysthegroupisalsoplanningtobeautifythedowntownareawithplantsandpaint.

Thoughitmightseemhardtocompetewithbigchainstores,smallretailershaveanadvantage.

Theyhaveapersonalapproachinservingcustomers.ChamberofCommercepresidentDavidHamiltonagrees.Hesaysretailersinhiscityservecustomerswell,andcustomersinreturn,shouldsupportthembyshoppingintheirstores.

Thedowntownareaistheheartofacity.AndmembersofDickson'snewRetailMerchantsAssociationaredeterminedtoworktogethertokeeptheheartbeating-torevitalizedowntownDicksonsoitisonceagainabusy,welcomingplaceforpeopletocomeandshop.

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothepassageandfinditstopicsentence.

Thetopicsentenceis"IndowntownDickson.Tennessee.agroupofretailmerchantshavebandedtogethertowinbacktheircustomerswhohavebeenattractedtoshoppingareasintheneighboringbigcity."

SectionTwoListeningComprehension

Part1Dialogue

HavingTheirBabiesatHome

-Whatabout...um...thenumberofmotherswhoarenowchoosingtohavetheirbabiesathome.

Isthata,agrowingnumberinAustralia?

-It'sstillaveryverysmallproportionatthemomentandthereforemany,um,hospitalsarethinkingofactuallyintroducingbirthingcentres,birthingunits.Wehaveoneatourhospitalatthemoment,wherethe,theunitissetupasabedroomandakitchenandthewomancanactuallywalkaroundincomfortandjustpretendit'sherownhome.

-Soit'slikeahomeinthehospital?

-Yeah,it'slikealittlemaisonette*inthehospitaland,er,it'ssoclosebytothetheatre*and

deliverysuites*thatifanythingshouldgowronganddidgowrongtheycouldbemovedaroundquitequicklyandsafely.

-Margaret,doyouthinkit'ssafetohaveababyathome?

-Therearerisksinvolved,er,Ipersonallywouldprefernottohavemybabyathome.Imeanit

wouldbe{wellyou'reamidwife*}...IknowitwouldbequiteidealbuttheriskofsomethinggoingwrongandifIwastolosethatbabyIthinkthatIwouldbequitedevastated.

-Aren'ttheredangersinhospitalbecausetherearemorepeopleinvolved?

-Therearedangersinhospital,Imeanyou,youwouldn'twanttoknowthatthereisaparticularly

resistantstaphylococcal*infectionrunningaroundthehospitaland,er,thatwouldbequitearisk.Insomecountriesit'sbeenproventhathavingthebabyathomeisassafeashavingababyinhospital.

-Doesitgetalotofencouragementhaving,er,ababyathome?

-Idon'tthinkso,no,itdoesn't.Ithink...um...doctorsand...Ithinkmainlydoctorsprobably,

Ithinktheyscarethewomensaying,wellthismightgowrongorthatmightgowrongathomesoit'sbetterforyoutocomeintohospital.

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothedialogueandanswerthefollowingquestions.

It'slikealittlemaisonette,ahomeinthehospital.

Becauseit'sstillaverysmallproportionofmotherswhoarenowchoosingtohavetheirbabiesathomeatthemomentandthebirthingunitissetupasabedroomandakitchenandthewoman

canactuallywalkaroundincomfortandjustpretendit'sherownhome.

3.Becauseit'ssoclosebytothetheatreanddeliverysuitesthatifanythingshouldgowronganddidgowrongtheycouldbemovedaroundquitequicklyandsafely.

4.Somethingmaygowrongduringthedeliveryandthatwouldbequitedevastating.

5.Therecouldbeaparticularlyresistantstaphylococcalinfectionrunningaroundthehospital.

Part2Passage

BridgingGenerations

1.Seniorstodayarebettereducated,healthier,andmorevivaciousthanatanytimeinournation'shistory.

2.Theyareactive,energetic,andwillingandcanmeetmanyprogramneedsthroughtheirvolunteerefforts.

3.Becausetheyarelivinglongerthaneverbefore,seniorscananticipateupto30yearsofproductiveactivityafterretirement.

4.Whenchoosingwhereandhowtovolunteer,seniorsshouldpickthetypeofactivitythatbestsuitstheirpersonalgoalsaswellastheneedsoftherecipients.

5.Wewanttohelpthemembracetheworldwiththeirnumerousgiftsandtalents,insteadoftheworldembracingthemwithhandcuffsandincarceration.

Mentionthewordretirement,andyou'lllikelyinvokearangeofreactions.Somethinkofretirementasariteofpassage,othersasatimetorelax.Thecynical*mayviewitasapointbeyondwhichonecannolongercontributetosociety.

Thisisfarfromthetruth!

Seniorstodayarebettereducated,healthier,andmorevivacious*thanatanytimeinournation'shistory.Theyareactive,energetic,andwillingandcanmeetmanyprogramneedsthroughtheirvolunteerefforts.Seniorsareavaluableresourcewithmanygiftstooffer-amongthem,experience,patience,skills,time,andwealth-thatareuniquetothem.

Theseniorpopulation,anditsproportionrelativetotherestofthepopulation,isincreasingrapidly.TheCorporationforNationalandCommunityService（CNS）estimatesthat,in2000,some35millionpeopleaged65orolderwerelivingintheUnitedStates,accountingfor13%ofthetotalpopulation.Theagingbabyboomgenerationisexpectedtodoubletheseniorpopulationoverthenext30years.Andbecausetheyarelivinglongerthaneverbefore,seniorscananticipate*upto30yearsofproductiveactivityafterretirement.

Seniorssharetheirgiftsandlifeexperiencestoaddressissuesinschoolsystems,publicsafety,theenvironment,andotherhumanneeds.

Manyseniorsdonotvolunteerthroughformalprograms.Someareone-timevolunteers;othersvolunteerforaseasonalorspecialevent.Whenchoosingwhereandhowtovolunteer,seniorsshouldpickthetypeofactivitythatbestsuitstheirpersonalgoalsaswellastheneedsoftherecipients*.Mostimportantly,becreative,selective,andhavefun-likethevolunteersfeaturedhere.

LikemanyAmericans,EloiseBowersandJoanGrossrecognizedtheneedforadditionalsupportforjuvenilesastheydevelopandmatureintoadults.Theseseniors,however,decidedtogivebacktotheircommunityanddeveloppositiverelationshipswithjuvenilesthroughFGP*.

The"grandmas",nowintheirsecondyearwiththeprogram,havehelpedmorethan50ofthemostat-riskyouthintheDistrictofColumbiaturntheirlivesaround."Itisourjobtohelpyouthlinkwiththeirpeersandthecommunity,aswellashelptheircommunityandtheirpeerslinkwiththem,"theystress."Forthelinktobestrong,itmustbemutual."

Someyouthintheprogramhavechildrenoftheirownandneedchild-rearingtips.Othersuseinappropriatelanguageandneedtoexpandtheirvocabulary.Manyrespondwithviolenceandneedavenuestovent*anger,whereasothersdressinappropriatelyandneedfashiontips."Wearecommittedtohelpin