阅读理解不要忽视短文标题.docx
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阅读理解不要忽视短文标题
阅读理解不要忽视短文标题
作者：
湖北省浠水县第一中学李可（XX散花剑，浏览作者博客）
标题是能揭示文章主要内容的“题眼”，通常是对文章内容的高度提炼、概括和浓缩。
一篇文章的标题就像一杆旗帜，能帮助读者预测和把握文章的主要内容。
由于英语阅读理解试题的短文大多数都没有标题（2010年全国18套高考试题中，湖北卷没有一篇阅读短文有标题，只有陕西卷四篇短文都有标题，这也是陕西的特色吧），造成了很多学生对文章标题的忽视。
其实，正确而又合理地解读文章标题，不仅能帮助我们把握作者的意图和文章的发展脉络，对文章布局和内容进行全方位预测，而且可以帮助我们提高阅读理解中搜寻细节的能力和分析归纳的能力，有的甚至还能直接帮助我们解答阅读理解试题。
所以，对于阅读理解短文的标题，同学们千万不要忽视。
相反，应该充分利用文章的标题这把利器，方便、高效地解决问题。
本文特选择近两年高考试题加以举例说明。
一、文章标题就像定海神针，也像串起珍珠的绳索，还像一个总指挥，能帮助我们了解作者的写作意图、把握文章的主旨，避免犯盲人摸象，以偏概全的错误。
例如，2009年北京高考试题阅读理解C篇：
HowRoomDesignsAffectOurWorkandFeelings
Architectshavelonghadthefeelingthattheplacesweliveincanaffectourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors.Butnowscientistsaregivingthisfeelinganempirical（经验的，实证的）basis.Theyarediscoveringhowtodesignspacesthatpromotecreativity,keeppeoplefocusedandleadtorelaxation.
Researchesshowthataspectsofthephysicalenvironmentcaninfluencecreativity.In2007,JoanMeyers-LevyattheUniversityofMinnesotareportedthattheheightofaroom'sceilingaffectshowpeoplethink.Herresearchindicatesthathigherceilingsencouragepeopletothinkmorefreely,whichmayleadthemtomakemoreabstractconnections.Lowceilings,ontheotherhand,mayinspireamoredetailedoutlook.
Inadditionstoceilingheight,theviewaffordedbyabuildingmayinfluenceanoccupant'sabilitytoconcentrate.NancyWellsandhercolleaguesatCornellUniversityfoundintheirstudythatkidswhoexperiencedthegreatestincreaseingreennessasaresultofafamilymovemadethemostgainsonastandardtestofattention.
Usingnaturetoimprovefocusofattentionoughttopayoffacademically,anditseemsto,accordingtoastudyledbyC.KennethTanner,headoftheSchoolDesign&PlanningLaboratoryattheUniversityofGeorgia.Tannerandhisteamfoundthatstudentsinclassroomswithunblockedviewsofatleast50feetoutsidethewindowhadhigherscoresontestsofvocabulary,languageartsandmathsthandidstudentswhoseclassroomsprimarilyoverlookedroadsandparkinglots.
Recentstudyonroomlightingdesignsuggeststhandim（暗淡的）lighthelpspeopletoloosenup.Ifthatistruegenerally,keepingthelightlowduringdinneroratpartiescouldincreaserelaxation.ResearchersofHarvardMedicalSchoolalsodiscoveredthatfurniturewithroundededgescouldhelpvisitorsrelax.
Sofarscientistshavefocusedmainlyonpublicbuildings."Wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudies,sowe'realmostlookingattheproblemthroughastraw（吸管）,"architectDavidAllisonsays."Howdoyoutakeanswerstoveryspecificquestionsandmakebroad,generalizeduseofthem?
That'swhatwe'reallstrugglingwith."
65.Thepassagetellsusthat______.
A.theshapeoffurnituremayaffectpeople'sfeelings
B.lowerceilingsmayhelpimprovestudents'creativity
C.childreninadimclassroommayimprovetheirgrades
D.studentsinroomswithunblockedviewsmayfeelrelaxed
简析：
如果忽视文章标题，做这道阅读理解试题就很容易误选。
实际上，B、C、D三项都是文章的内容之一，也是片面的。
分析文章标题，“房间的设计影响我们的工作和心情”，揭示了文章的主要内容和作者的写作意图，不难选出正确的答案A。
二、很多阅读理解短文，特别是广告类短文，既有总标题，又有小标题；另外，标题都会用粗黑体字显示，非常醒目。
这些标题不仅能标明文章的脉络和结构，更重要的是能帮助我们有的放矢地搜寻文章细节，不需要从头至尾仔细阅读全文，从而节省阅读时间，提高解题能力和速度。
阅读理解的目的是高效、正确。
先浏览一下短文后的阅读理解试题，再根据小标题来确定阅读区间，快速找到解题的依据，这是做阅读理解试题的一种重要方法和技巧，它可以极大地提高阅读理解的效率。
例如，2010年高考试题全国卷II阅读理解D篇：
CoolestHotelsintheWorld
ArtauAragonTowers
TheAriauAmazonTowershotelletsyousleepinatreehouse.Eighttowersmakeupthishotelthatoffersover300rooms.Ifyoureallywanttogetintothespirit,booktheTarzanSuitewhichislargeenoughforabigfamily.You'llbethirtyfeetupintheairandcantravelbetweenthetowersthroughtheirwoodenwalkways.
Prices:
startingat$300onenightforeachpersonforaregularroomandgoingallthewayupto$3000fortheTarzanSuite.
Formoreinformation,visitthewebsite:
http:
//H
TheIceHotel
EverywinterinJukkasjarvi,Sweden,aspecialkindofhotelcalledtheleeHotelisbuilt.Eachyear,world-famousartistsareinvitedtodesignandproduceworksofartfromtheice,manyofwhichcanbefoundintherooms.You'llhaveyourchoicebetweenhotorcoldroomsbutyouwillbewelladvisedtostayatleastonenightinacoldroomforatrueexperience.
Prices:
startingat$318onenightforeachpersonforeitheracoldroomorawarmone.
Formoreinformation,visitthewebsite:
http:
H
PropellerIsland
PropellerIslandCityLodgeisaveryspecialhotelthatwasdesignedbyaGermanartist.Eachroomprovidesyouwiththepossibilityoflivinginaworkofart.Everysinglepieceoffurnitureinthethirtyroomsofthehotelhasbeenhand-madeandeachroomiscompletelydifferent.You'llbeabletochoosearoombasedonyourownpersonaltastes.
Prices:
startingatjust$91anight,andanadditional（另外）personforonly20extradollars.Formoreinformation,visitthewebsite:
http:
//www.propeller-
Forinformationaboutothercoolhotelsintheworld,visitthewebsite:
54.WhatisspecialabouttheAriauAmazonTowershotel?
______.
A.Youcansleepinthehouse.B.Youcanchooseanyofthetowers.
C.Itisdesignedforbigfamilies.D.Everyroomhasawalkway.
55.Formorepersonsspendinganightinoneofthesehotels,theyhavetopayatleast.
A$111B.$182C.$600D.$636
56.Whichwebsiteshouldyouvisitifyouwanttofindoutwhetherthereexistsahotelunderthesea?
________.
A.B.http：
//
C.http:
//www.propeller-D.htlp:
//
57.Whichhotelwouldinviteartiststocometoworkeveryyear?
______
A.PropellerBlandCityLodge.B.ArianAmazonTowers.
C.TheIceHotelD.BahamasBeachClub.
简析：
文章总标题表示本文介绍的是“世界上最‘酷’的旅馆”，小标题不仅举例说明了几个典型的旅馆，而且把文章分为几个部分，使文章结构明了、清晰。
了解到这种阅读短文的特征，我们就可以根据问题的提示，缩小阅读范围，快速地找到选择试题答案的依据。
54题，根据问题，涉及到第一个旅馆，我们可以从第一个小标题下的内容中去搜寻答案。
由第一句可知答案为A。
55题，根据问题，涉及到价格，所以我们可以只看每一个小标题末尾“price”部分内容。
通过比较，第三个旅馆的价格最低廉，每人每晚的费用是91美元，另外再加一个人只需20美元，总共是111美元，从而可知答案为A。
56题，通过快速分别扫描三个旅馆（即每一个小标题下）的第一段，发现三个都不具有这种特征。
根据常识和最后一个小标题的提示，“要想找到更多信息”，我们可以上网站查询。
故选D。
57题，通过快速扫描，我们可以从第二个旅馆中的第二句找到答案C。
【巩固练习】请同学们做下列高考试题，加深上述阅读理解方法的运用。
一、2010年湖南卷
A
L1PITOR
ABOUTLIPITOR
Lipitorisaprescriptionmedicine．Alongwithdietandexercise，itlowers“bad，’
cholesterol（胆固醇）inyourblood．Itcanalsoraise“good'’cholesterol·
Lipitorcanlowertheriskofheartattackinpatientswithseveralcommonriskfactors，includingfamilyhistoryofearlyheartdisease，highbloodpressure，ageandsmoking·
WHOISLIPITORFOR?
WhocantakeLIPITOR：
·Peoplewhocannotlowertheircholesterolenoughwithdietandexercise
·Adultsandchildrenoverl0
WhoshouldNOTtakeLIPITOR：
·Womenwhoarepregnant，maybepregnant，ormaybecomepregnant.Lipitormayharmyourunbornbaby．
．womenwhoarebreast-feeding．Lipitorcanpassintoyourbreastmilkandmayharm
yourbaby．
·Peoplewithliver（肝脏）problems
POSSIBLESIDEEFFECTSOFLIPITOR
Serioussideeffectsinasmallnumberofpeople：
．Muscle（肌肉）problemsthatcanleadtokidney（肾脏）problems，includingkidneyfailure
．Liverproblems．Yourdoctormaydobloodteststocheckyourliverbeforeyoustart
Lipitorandwhileyouaretakingit．
Callyourdoctorrightawayifyouhave：
．Unexplainedmusclepainorweakness，especiallyifyouhaveafeverorfeelveryfired
．Swellingoftheface，lips，tongue，and／orthroatthatmaycausedifficultyinbreathingorswallowing
·Stomachpain
SomecommonsideeffectsofLIPITORare：
·Musclepain
·Upsetstomach
·Changesinsomebloodtests
HOWTOTAKELIPITOR
DO：
·TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor．
·Trytoeatheart-healthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor．
·TakeLipitoratanytimeofday,withorwithoutfood．
·Ifyoumissadose（一剂），takeitassoonasyouremember．Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose，wait．Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime．
Don's：
·Donotchangeorstopyourdosebeforetalkingtoyourdoctor．
·Donotstartnewmedicinesbeforetalkingtoyourdoctor．
56.WhatisamajorfunctionofLipitor?
______.
A.Tohelpquitsmoking.
B.Tocontrolbloodpressure.
C.Toimproveunhealthydiet.
D.Tolower"bad"cholesterol.
57.TakingLipitorishelpfulfor.
A.breast-feedingwomen
B.womenwhoarepregnant
C.adultshavingheartdisease
D.teenagerswithliverproblems
58.Ifithasbeenover12hourssinceyoumissedadose,youshould.
A.changetheamountofyournextdose
B,eatmorewhentakingyournextdose
C.haveadoseassoonasyouremember
D.takethenextdoseatyourregulartime
59.WhichofthefollowingisacommonsideeffectoftakingLipitor?
A.Faceswelling.B.Upsetstomach.
C.Kidneyfailure.D.Muscleweakness.
60.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
______.
A.Toteachpatientswaysforquickrecovery.
B.Topresentareportonascientificresearch.
C.Toshowtheimportanceofagoodlifestyle.
D,Togiveinformationaboutakindofmedicine.
二、2009年重庆卷B
HowtoBeaWinner
SirStevenRedgrave
Winnerof5OlympicGoldMedals
“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes（糖尿病）.Believingmycareer（职业生涯）wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit----theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn’tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”
KarenPickering
SwimmingWorldChampion
“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary.Thisisthekeytosuccess—youcan'tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwe
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