语法专题句法状语从句精讲精练.docx

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语法专题句法状语从句精讲精练.docx

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语法专题句法状语从句精讲精练.docx

语法专题句法状语从句精讲精练

状语从句讲解和练习

状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。

例如:

1. Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.(副词)

2. Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.(介词状短语)

3. Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday.(不定式)

4.  Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.(过去分词)

5. IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.(原因状语从句)

状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中。

enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。

一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。

状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词

和特殊的连接词即考点。

现分别列举如下:

1.时间状语从句

常用引导词:

when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until

特殊引导词:

theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when

Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.

WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.

Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)themomenttheysawtheguard.

NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.

EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.

2.地点状语从句

常用引导词:

where

特殊引导词:

wherever,anywhere,everywhere

Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.

Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.

3.原因状语从句

常用引导词:

because,since,as,since

特殊引导词:

seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat, 

MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.

Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.

Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.

Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.

4.目的状语从句

常用引导词:

sothat,inorderthat

特殊引导词:

lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat

Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.

Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.

5.结果状语从句

常用引导词:

so…that,so…that,such…that,

特殊引导词:

suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,

Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.

It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.

Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.

6.条件状语从句

常用引导词:

if,unless,

特殊引导词:

as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat

We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.

Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.

Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.

7.让步状语从句

常用引导词:

though,although,evenif,eventhough

特殊引导词:

as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever

MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.

尽管我很尊敬他,我却不同意他的建议。

Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.

Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.

Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumaysay.

8.比较状语从句

常用引导词:

as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词:

themore…themore…;justas…,so…;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;no…morethan;notAsomuchasB

Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.

Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.

Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.

Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。

9.方式状语从句

常用引导词:

as,asif,how

特殊引导词:

theway

WheninRome,doastheRomando.

Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.

Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.

10. 状语从句的简化

♠状语从句的省略

状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:

①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。

从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。

例如:

When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.

He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.

另外,比较状语从句经常省略。

例如:

I’mtallerthanhe(istall).

Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).

就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。

状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。

因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。

状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:

①由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。

下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。

例如:

If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。

Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。

(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。

常用于以下几种情形:

a.连词+形容词

As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。

Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.她有空就去逛商店。

Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

b.连词+名词

While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。

Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。

c.连词+现在分词

As(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。

Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。

d.连词+过去分词

Hewon'tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。

Theconcertwasagreatsuccessthan(itwas)expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。

e.连词+不定式

Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.当时他站起来好像要说什么。

Hewouldn'tsolvetheproblemevenif(hewere)totakecharge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。

f.连词+介词短语

Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。

HehadmasteredtheEnglishlanguagebefore(hewas)intheUSA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。

注意:

当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。

例如:

Whenthemeetingwasover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。

(=Themeetingover,

巩固练习

1.Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen______hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.

A.which             B.when                C.sothat                D.asif

2.Iwouldappreciateit________youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.

A.until                         B.if                             C.when                       D.that

3.AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,________.

A.themoreforlifeareyouequipped     B.themoreequippedforlifeyouare

C.themorelifeyouareequippedfor     D.youareequippedthemoreforlife

4.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup________therehadoncebeenatheatre.

A.that                          B.where                      C.which                      D.when

5.—IsMr.Smithintheoffice?

—Yes,________heisinchargeoftheoffice,hemustbethere.

A.since                        B.however                   C.whether                   D.for

6.Asyourgoodfriend,Iwilldo________helpyou.

A.thatIcanto        B.whatIcanto     C.allthatIcan            D.whatIcan

7.Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout________hephones.

A.aslongas            B.inorderto       C.incase              D.sothat

8.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup________Icouldanswerthephone.

A.as                     B.since           C.until                           D.before

9.—Don’tlookdownuponBob.Hehashisownadvantages.

—Oh,yes.________othersareweak,heisstrong.

A.If                       B.When          C.Where                D.Though

10.Itistenyears________hesmoked.

A.that                      B.when           C.since                D.while

11.Wemusthurryup________catchupwiththelasttrain.

A.that                      B.sothatto       C.inorderthat             D.inorderto

12.Nomatter________harditmaybe,Iwillcarryitout.

A.what                  B.whatever       C.how                    D.however

13.________youmaydo,youmustdoitwell.

A.Which                   B.Whenever       C.Whatever                D.When

14.—AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoNewYorkfortheholiday?

—No.ButifI________thetime,Iwoulddefinitelygo.

A.have                       B.had          C.havehad                  D.wouldhave

15.________youaresoweak,you’dbetterstayathome.

A.Since                   B.For          C.Because                   D.Though

16.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose________youlike.

A.nomatterwhich          B.whichever     C.which            D.whatever

17.IsawMr.SmithlastSunday.Wehadnotseeneachother________IleftLondon.

A.as                   B.before         C.since                   D.till

18.I’llbebackbeforeyou________.

A.willleave            B.willhaveleft     C.leave                 D.wouldleave

19.Theproblemwon’tbesettleduntilwe________achancetodiscussitthoroughly.

A.havehad              B.willhave       C.willhavehad           D.wouldhave

20.Ifyou________thisexperiment,youwillunderstandthetheorybetter.

A.willbedoing         B.havedone     C.willhavedone            D.woulddo

21.Theywentonworking________itwaslateatnight.

A.evenif               B.asif         C.however               D.asthough

22.Ihurried________Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.

A.since             B.sothat        C.asif                D.unless

23.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit________.

A.willrain             B.rains      C.rained             D.israining

24.________youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage,youshowyourskillstoothers.

A.Attimes              B.Sometime    C.Bythetime               D.Everytime

25.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,________.

A.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyread      B.buthisworksarenotwidelyread

C.hisworksarenotwidelyread             D.still

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