论《法国中尉的女人》中萨拉的女性主义的显现学位论文.docx

论《法国中尉的女人》中萨拉的女性主义的显现学位论文.docx

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论《法国中尉的女人》中萨拉的女性主义的显现学位论文

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Abstract

JohnFowleswhohasbeenregardedasa"postmodernist"writerisnotonlyanimportantbutalsoinfluentialnovelistincontemporaryBritain.HismasterpieceTheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman,aclassicalnovelthatshedlightonthewomen'sdiscoveryofself-hoodandseekingoffreedom,hasbeenacclaimedbythecriticsafteritspublication.Fowles'sfascinatingdelineationoftheheroine,hasbeenstudiedfromdifferentperspectivesbymanycritics.

Thisdissertationattemptstomakeain-depthanalysisoftheheroineinTheFrenchLieutenant'swoman,fromtheperspectiveoffeminism,combiningwithhistoricalbackground.HowSarahstrugglesforherself-hoodandfreedom,andhowshefightsagainsttherestrictedvaluesaswellastherigidmoralitiesinthehistoricalcontextoftheVictorianera.Thisthesismainlyfocusesontheanalysisoftheawakeningandembodimentofherfeministconsciousness.

Afteradetailedanalysis,wecanfigureoutthatwhatleadstotheawakeningofSarah'sfeministconscious,andhowshetransformsintoa"newwoman"successfully.What'smore,readerscouldhaveamorein-depthunderstandingonthewomeninVictorianera,whohadencounteredmanydifficultiesinthepersuitofself-hoodandfreedom.Aftertheinterpretation,itcancausesomesocialconcernsoverthefeminineconsciousness.Women'svoicecanbeheardbymorepeople,sowomendon'thavetokeepsilentanymore,instead,theycouldhavemorecouragetofightfortheirrights.

KeyWords:

TheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman；SarahWoodruff；FeministConsciousness

摘要

约翰·福尔斯是英国当代文坛最重要的小说家之一。

他的代表作《法国中尉的女人》是以女性的自我发现和追求为主题的经典文学著作。

《法国中尉的女人》一问世，就获得了广大读者和文学评论界的好评。

围绕着作者对作品中女主人公萨拉这一形象的精心塑造，不少评论家从不同的角度进行了探讨。

本文在原有研究女性主义视角的基础上，结合小说当时的历史背景，深入分析《法国中尉的女人》中女主人萨拉在当时的文化背景下，如何在追求自我和自由的过程中，与维多利亚道德观进行抗争，着重于分析萨拉的女性主义的觉醒过程，和其觉醒过程中女性主义的显现。

经过详细的分析研究，可以得出，是什么唤醒了萨拉的女性意识，使她最终成功转变成一位“新女性”。

通过对《法国中尉的女人》女性主义的解读，希望读者能对维多利亚时代的英国女性在追求自我和自由的过程中所遭遇到的困难和挫折有一个较为深入的了解。

更重要的是，引起社会对女性意识问题的关注，使女性不再沉默，勇于争取自身的权利，她们的呼声能被更多的人所听见。

关键词：

法国中尉的女人；萨拉伍德拉夫；女性意识

Contents

Abstracti

摘要ii

1.Introduction1

1.1Studybackground1

1.2Significanceofthisstudy1

1.3Thearrangementofthisstudy1

2.LiteratureReview3

2.1PreviousstudiesonTheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman3

2.1.1Foreignstudies3

2.1.2Domesticstudies5

3.Sarah'sFeministConsciousnessAwakeninginVictoriaEra6

3.1VictorianErabackground6

3.1.1WomaninVictorianEra6

3.1.2TheSecondfeministmovement7

3.2AwakeningofSarah'sfeministconsciousness7

3.2.1Sarah'sSelf-denial8

3.2.2Sarah'sSelf-discovery9

3.3EmbodimentofSarah'sFeministConsciousness10

3.3.1ThePursuitoftruelove10

3.3.2ThePursuitofselfhoodandfreedom11

4.Conclusion13

References14

Acknowledgments16

1.Introduction

1.1Studybackground

Withitspostmorderniststructure,itsexistentialistelementsanditscharacterization,inparticularthemysteriouscharacterSarah,whohasdrawnwideinternationalcriticalattention,JohnFowles'snovelTheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman,becomesgreatestpopularsuccesssoonafteritspublicationin1969.ItisbecauseTheFrenchLieutenant'sWomanisanovelwithcomplexstyle,dualendings,andpostmodernopennessthatallowsomuchroomforinterpretation.

Thisthesis,basedontheexsitingperspectiveoffeminism,combiningwiththehistoricalbackground,trystomakeain-depthanalysisofSarah,theheroineinTheFrenchLieutenant'swoman.HowSarahstrugglesforherself-hoodandfreedom,andhowshefightsagainsttherestrictedvaluesaswellastherigidmoralitiesinthehistoricalcontextoftheVictorianera.Andthisdissertationmainlyfocusesontheanalysisoftheawakeningandembodimentofherfeministconsciousness.

1.2Significanceofthisstudy

AftertheinterpretationofthefeminismofSarahinTheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman,wecanfigureoutthatwhatleadstotheawakeningofSarah'sfeministconscious,andhowshetransformsintoa"newwoman"successfully.What'smore,readerscouldhaveamorein-depthunderstandingonthewomeninVictorianera,whohadencounteredmanydifficultiesinthepersuitofself-hoodandfreedom.Aftertheinterpretation,itcancausesomesocialconcernsoverthefeminineconsciousness.Women'svoicecanbeheardbymorepeople,sowomendon'thavetokeepsilentanymore,instead,theycouldhavemorecouragetofightfortheirrights.

1.3Thearrangementofthisstudy

Thepaperfallsintofiveparts.

Chapterone:

Introductioninvolvesthestudybackgroundandthesignificanceofthisstudy.Ittheninvolvesthearrangementofthisstudy.

ChaptertwomainlyinvolvesthecurrentcriticsmofthenovelbothhomeandabroadonTheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman.

AsthisnovelisunderthesignificantinfluenceoftheVictorianEra,soChapterthreewillexploreintotheVictorianEra.ThesocialbackgroundandabriefdiscussionaboutthetwowavesofFeminismMovementandtheirrelationshipswiththisnovelwillbepresented.

ChapterThreewillexploretheawakeningofSarah'sfeministconsciousness.Throughherself-constructionstartsfromherself-denialtoself-discovery,Sarahhassuccessfullyestablishedherselfa"newwoman".

ChapterFourwilldrawaconclusion,andtrytoanswerthequestion:

whatmakesSarahanewwoman?

2.LiteratureReview

2.1PreviousstudiesonTheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman

In1969,JohnRobertFowleshadTheFrenchLieutenant'sWomanpublished.Thisnovelturnsouttobeahugesuccessinbothcommercialaswellasacademicvalues.Itremainsonthebestsellerlist（America）for157weeks,andKarelReize,thebook'spublication,madeitapopularmovie12yearslater.ThisnovelisaboutamysteriouslovestorywhichhappenedintheVictorianAgeofthemid19thcentury.SarahandCharles,theheroineandheroofthisnovel,whoshakeoffsocialprejudiceandrestrictions,struggletoacquiretheirfreedomandindependence.Thisnovelemployssomepostmodernnarrativetechniques,whichnotonlyreconstructsbutalsodeconstructstheVictorianfiction.TheFrenchLieutenant'sWomanhasdrawnbroadattentionandacclaimsfromliterarycriticsandreadersbecauseofitsuniquepostmodernistnarrativestyle,delicateimagedepictionanddeepreflectionofmodernhistoryofBritain．

2.1.1Foreignstudies

AfterthepublicationofTheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman,drawnnation-wideattentionfromBritishandAmericancritics.Westernacademic'sresearchesonthienovelisdiversified,includingSocialhistoricalcriticism,psychoanalysiscriticism,thePhilosophicalInvestigationsofexistentialismandthenarrativestrategyofthemeta-fiction.

Somecriticsalsotakeitasahistoricalnovel.Forinstance,LindaHutcheon（1988）considersitashistoricalmeta-fictionaboutVictoriansocialism,becausethisnovelhasaclearandprofoundunderstandingofthehistoryandfiction,whichprovidesthefoundationforthestyleandcontent.

Intermsofnarration,MahmoundSalami（1992）analyzesthenovel'sthemeoffreedomthroughthenarrativestructureofthenovel,andconcludesthattheentirenarrativestructureofthenovelisitselfanactoffreedomfromillusiontoallparticipantsinfiction.

RichardP.Lynch（2002）pointsoutthatthisisthebestnovelofFowlesintheinspectionofhumanfreedom,"individualfreedomisunderthecontrolofsocialsystem",thisnovelhasillustratedthreedifferentkindsoffreedom:

society,existenceandnarration.Therefore,"TheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman,freesnotonlythemaincharacterbutalsothereadersfromthemandatorytext."

LiterarycriticIforEvans（1987）says"inmyview,themostaccomplishednovelinthisproblematicalveinisJohnFowles'sTheFrenchLieutenant'sWoman...Heundertakesarecognizablymodernquestioningoftheverynatureofthefiction"

Somefeministcriticsinterpretthisnovelfromtheperspectiveoffeminism,theydeemtheemancipationofSarahtobethethemeofthisnovel.

Psychologicalcriticsaremoreconcernedwiththetextualpersonalitiesofthefictionalcharacters.SimonLoveday（1985）extendsRose'sFreudiannsightsaboutthecompositionofTheFrenchLieutenant'sWomanwithsomeadditionalconnectionamongVarguennes,Rossetti,andCharles.

TheFormalistscriticismaremainlyconcernedwithexaminingmeaningfulpatternswithinthefictionaltextratherthanitsrelationwiththeexternalcontext.Forinstance,RobertHuffaker（1980）offersperceptiveobservationaboutanimalandimageryinthenovel,andPeterWolfeoffersingeniouscommentonthenamesofFowles'scharacter.

Thereareotherswhofocusonthenovel'sexistentialtheme.CriticsheldtheviewthatFowleswasgreatlyinfluencedbyexistentialism.Inhisnovels,Fowlesillustrateshisexistentialistthoughtthroughhischaractersbysettingthemindifferentsurroundingstoexaminehowtheymaketheirchoices.Fowlesstressesfreechoiceandinthisnovel,Sarahtakeschargeofherownlifebyherfreechoice.MahmoundSalami（1992）holdstheviewthatSarahisatypicalexistentialistcharacter,whoembodiesalltheelementsoffreedominthenovel.ShealsofuntionsasaforceprovidingtheexitentialimpetustoCharlesandtheagehelivesin.SarahsetsupaseductiontrapforCharles,manipulatesCharlesfromtheirfirstmeeting,andthenmakesCharleswalkingonhershoes.SarahisaguidewholeadsCharlestohiswayoffreedom.

ThemoretraditionalmethodsarefoundinstudiesfocusingontheanalysisofSarah,theprotagonist.RobertHuffaker（1980）pointsoutthatSarah,likethatancestralseductress,temptsCharlestoself-knowledge,theniscastoutalongwithhimwhenheacceptshertemptation.HepointsoutthatSarahplaysoneoftherolesoftheanima,asensualseductress."Bymaint