Book 1 Unit 8 要点 大学英语综合教程.docx
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Book1Unit8要点大学英语综合教程
Unit8EducationalProblems
TheWealthofNations
ThisisanimportantworkofeconomicandsocialtheorybyAdamSmith,publishedin1776.ItsfulltitlewasAnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations.Initheanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenworkandtheproductionofanation’swealth.Hisconclusionwasthatthebesteconomicsituationresultsfromencouragingfreeenterprise(aneconomicsysteminwhichthereisopencompetitioninbusinessandtrade,andnogovernmentcontrol).ThisideahashadagreatinfluenceoneconomictheoriessinceanditformedthebasisoftheeconomicpoliciesoftheConservativegovernmentinBritaininthe1980s.
GlobalReading>>PartDivisionoftheText
Parts
Para(s)
MainIdeas
1
1~10
Teenagers’idlenessandignorancewillproduceseriouseffectsonallconcernedandforsocietyasawhole.
2
11~24
Kevin1990comestorealizeinhisdreamhowmuchlackofeducationcostshisforebears,andmaycosthimself,hischildrenandthesocietytheylivein,andhowimportantitistostudyhard.
ii.QuestionsandAnswers
1.Whydidtheauthorgotothedrugstoreoneday?
(Hewantedtobuysomefilefolders.)
2.Howoldwasthesalesgirl?
(Under20yearsold.)
3.Whatwasthesalesgirl’sreactiontotheauthor’smentalarithmetic(心算)?
(Shewasverysurprisedatit.)
4.Didthesalesgirlbelievethattheauthordidcalculationsbymagic?
Whyorwhynot?
(Yes.Maybeshebelieveditbecauseshecouldneverdothat.)
5.Whatwastheauthor?
(Hewasateacheratacollege.)
6.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAmericanteenagers?
(Hethoughttheyareignorantandlackinginknowledgeofworldhistoryandgeography.)
7.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatwasthemostseriousproblemforAmericanteenagers?
(Theywereindifferenttotheirignorance.)
8.Whydidtheauthorgiveustheexampleofhisfriend’sson?
(Hejustintendedtoshowtheseriousnessoftheproblem.)
9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwouldhappeniftherewasanidle,ignorantlaborforceinamodernindustrialstate?
(Therewouldbemanyproblemsinsocietysuchasplanecrashes,computerjamsandbreakdownsofcars.)
10.Whatwastheauthor’spurposeofofferingafable?
(HejustwantedtomakeAmericanteenagersunderstandthedangeroftheirignoranceandintellectuallaziness.)
II.ForPart2RearrangetheOrderofthePictures
–Kevin1835,apoorpeasantinIreland
–Kevin1928,asteel-millworkerinPittsburgh,U.S.A.
–Kevin1945,asoldierfightingtheJapanesearmy
–Kevin1966,astudentwhostudiesallthetimesoastogetintocollegeandlawschool
–Kevin1990,acleanerinaJapanese-ownedfactory
–Kevin2020,aporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians
–Kevin2050,livinginaslumandsearchingthroughtrashpilesforfood
DetailedReading
I.DifficultSentences
1.“Youdidthatinyourhead?
”sheaskedinamazement.(Para.3)
1)Whatdoestheword“that”referto?
(Itrefersto“theauthor’sdoingmentalarithmetic.”)
2)Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?
(Thechildrenlikethegirlinthetextareverypooratcalculationsandtheycanneverdomentalarithmeticlikethemandoes.)
2.Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience.(Para.6)
1)Whatisthemeaningofthephrase“suchanexperience”?
(Thephrase“suchanexperience”means“thesalesgirl’signorance.”)
2)Paraphrasethesentence.
(Anyadultwhohasgotaverageeducationwillfeelworriedandunhappyabouttheignorancethegirlshows.)
3.TheabilitytoperformeventhesimplestcalculationsisonlyamemoryamongmanystudentsIsee,andtheirknowledgeofworldhistoryorgeographyisnonexistent.(Para.7)
TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
(在我所见过的许多学生中,再也没有过去学生都有的哪怕是进行最简单的计算的能力,他们对世界历史和地理都一无所知。
)
4.Atsomepointsoon,hisintellectuallazinesswillseriouslyaffecthiswayoflife.(Para.9)
Paraphrasethesentence.
(Beforelonghisintellectuallazinesswillhaveaseriousinfluenceonhiswayoflife.)
TodrivethismessagehometosuchyoungAmericans,Ihaveahumblesuggestion:
amovie,orTVseries,dramatizingjusthowdifficultitwasforthiscountrytogetwhereitis—andhoweasilyitcouldallbelost.(Para.10)
TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
(为使这样的美国青年彻底认识到这一点,本人的愚见是:
拍一部电影,或电视连续剧,生动地描述我们国家的今天如何来之不易——而要丧失这一切又何其容易。
)
5.Hisonlyhopeliesinhischildren.(Para.12)
Whatishishope?
(Hishopeisthathischildrenwillgetgoodeducationandliveabetterlife.)
6.KevinHanley1928isfarbetteroffthaneitherhisfatherorhisgrandfather.(Para.13)
1)Whatisthemeaningofthissentence?
(Itmeansthatheismuchricherthanbothhisfatherandgrandfather.)
2)Whyishefarbetteroffthanthem?
(Heisricherbecauseheisliterate.That’stosay,hecanreadandwrite.)
7.Kevin2020’sfather,whoisofcourseKevin1990himself,worksasacleanerinafactoryownedbytheJapanese.(Para.18)
WhatcanweinferfromthefactthatthefactoryinwhichKevin2020’sfatherworksisownedbytheJapanesenottheChineseorpeoplefromothercountries?
(Itcanbeinferredthatintheauthor’sopiniontheJapanesearethesymbolofsuccessbecauseoftheirhardwork,educationanddiscipline.)
8.ThemanexplainstoKevinthatwhenamanhasnomoney,educationcansupplythehumancapitalnecessarytostarttoacquirefinancialcapital.(Para.20)
1)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
(那人跟凯文解释说,如果一个人没有钱,教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。
)
2)Doyouagreewiththatman’sopinion?
Whyorwhynot?
9.“AmericabeatJapaninwar?
”(Para.21)
Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?
(WecaninferfromthesentencethatKevin2050isreallyveryignorantabouthistory.)
10.…theyworkandstudyandlearnanddisciplinethemselves.(Para.21)
Therearethreewordsof“discipline”inthistext(Para.19,Para.20andPara.21).TellthedifferentmeaningsoftheminChinese.
[Thefirst“discipline”(Para.19)means“训练”,thesecond(Para.20)means“纪律”andthelastone(Para.21)means“约束”.]
11.“Sorry,Pop,”Kevin1990says.“Ihavetostudy.”(Para.24)
1)Whydoestheboysayso?
(Becausehisdreammakeshimknowtheimportanceofeducationandhehasmadeuphismindtostudyhard.)
2)Canyouimaginehisfather’sreactiontotheboy’sanswer?
II.Words&Expressions
runoutof:
useuporfinishasupplyof(sth.)
-Toourdisappointment,ourcarranoutofgashalfwayhome.
-Whentheyranoutoffood,thesoldierssetabouthuntingformore.
inamazement:
withafeelingofgreatsurpriseordisbelief
-AuntSophiagazedatherpictureinamazement:
shelookedlikeateenagegirlinit.
-当他大声地与他的朋友交谈时,报告厅里所有的人都吃惊地盯着他看。
(Allthepeopleinthelecturehallstaredathiminamazementwhenhetalkedloudlywithhisfriend.)
upset:
vt.
1)make(sb.)worryorfeelunhappy.
Pattern:
beupsetby/about
-Theyareterriblyupsetbythebreak-upoftheirparents’marriage.
-他为与他妻子争吵而感到烦恼。
(Hewasupsetabouttheargumenthehadwithhiswife.)
2)makeillinthestomach
-Theforeignfoodupsetme/mystomach.
3)knockover,causingconfusion
-Theboyupsettheglassofmilk.
-Herplanswereupsetbythechangeintheweather.
ignorant:
adj.knowinglittleornothing
-Shewasignorantofherhusband’sillegalactivities.Otherwiseshewouldhavedoneeverythingpossibletostophim.
Collocation:
ignorantabout/of在…方面无知的
-Somepeopleareignorantofthefactsaboutglobalwarming.
-我对计算机一窍不通。
(I’mratherignorantaboutcomputer.)
ability:
n.powerorskilltodo,make,orthink;talent
-Weelectedhimmonitorbecausehehadtheabilitytobringoutthebestinothers.
-虽然这翻译并不尽善尽美,但他已尽力而为了。
(Althoughhistranslationisnotperfect,hedidittothebestofhisability.)
-Helosttheabilitytowalkafteracaraccident.
CF:
ability,capability&capacity
这三个词都是名词,都有“能力”的意思。
ability含义最广,指智力(或体力)上的“能力”,主要指人,说明他能否做一件事,后面接不定式,或介词in,for,但不能接of+doing。
例如:
-Heshowsconsiderableabilityin/fororganization.(他颇有组织能力。
)
此外,该词用作复数时只能指智力方面的能力。
例如:
-Hehasfoundajobmoresuitedtohisabilities.(他找到了一份更适合他能力的工作。
)
capability与ability互通,也指智力(或体力)上的“能力”,可指人或物,后面接of+doing或for(doing)sth.。
例如:
-Theessayisaproofofthewriter’scapabilityofusingtherightwordintherightplace.(这篇文章证明作者能在适当的地方用适当的字。
)
NB:
需要注意的是,capabilityof后接含有主动意义的动作;capabilityfor后接含有被动意义的动作。
此外,capability常指天生或潜在的能力,而ability常指学到的能力。
例如:
-Heacquiredineighthourstheabilitytodriveacar.(他在八小时内就学会了开汽车。
)
capacity主要指能够容纳或吸收的“能力”,可用于人或物。
例如:
-Hehasacapacityformathematics.[他有学数学的能力。
(着重脑中的容纳力)]
-Theauditoriumhasaseatingcapacityoftwothousand.(礼堂能容纳二千人。
)
sumup:
giveabriefsummary(ofsth.)
-Myteacherwouldsumupthemainpointsofthelessonbeforeheendedtheclass.
-AlicesummedupherChristmasholidaysinoneword:
“Terrible.”
compete:
vi.trytobebetterthan(sb.else)
-Johncompetedforaplaceattheschool,buthedidn’tgetit.
Pattern:
competewith/against
-Theyoungtennisplayerhasoftencompetedagainstfamousplayers,butsofarhehasalwaysbeenbeaten.
-中国正与其他国家竞争国际市场。
(Chinaisnowcompetingwithothercountriesforworldmarket.)
accumulate:
v.collect,orgathertogether,esp.overaperiodoftime;makeorbecomegreaterinquantityorsize
-Ihaveaccumulatedmanybooksoverthelastfewyears.
-Dustquicklyaccumulatesifwedon’tsweepourroom.
-他债台高筑。
(Hisdebtsaccumulated.)
Collocation:
accumulateahugemassofdata积累大量资料
accumulateexperience积累经验
accumulateafortune积攒一笔财富
accumulateagoodlibrary积聚一大批藏书
CF:
accumulate&amass
两者均可指积聚大量的东西。
accumulate强调经年累月地点滴积累。
例如:
-Throughtheyearsheaccumulatedsufficientmoneytobuyafarmwhenheretired.(经过多年积攒,他有了足够的钱在退休时买下一个农场。