Book 1 Unit 8 要点 大学英语综合教程.docx

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Book 1 Unit 8 要点 大学英语综合教程.docx

Book1Unit8要点大学英语综合教程

Unit8EducationalProblems

TheWealthofNations

ThisisanimportantworkofeconomicandsocialtheorybyAdamSmith,publishedin1776.ItsfulltitlewasAnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations.Initheanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenworkandtheproductionofanation’swealth.Hisconclusionwasthatthebesteconomicsituationresultsfromencouragingfreeenterprise(aneconomicsysteminwhichthereisopencompetitioninbusinessandtrade,andnogovernmentcontrol).ThisideahashadagreatinfluenceoneconomictheoriessinceanditformedthebasisoftheeconomicpoliciesoftheConservativegovernmentinBritaininthe1980s.

GlobalReading>>PartDivisionoftheText

Parts

Para(s)

MainIdeas

1

1~10

Teenagers’idlenessandignorancewillproduceseriouseffectsonallconcernedandforsocietyasawhole.

2

11~24

Kevin1990comestorealizeinhisdreamhowmuchlackofeducationcostshisforebears,andmaycosthimself,hischildrenandthesocietytheylivein,andhowimportantitistostudyhard.

ii.QuestionsandAnswers

1.Whydidtheauthorgotothedrugstoreoneday?

(Hewantedtobuysomefilefolders.)

2.Howoldwasthesalesgirl?

(Under20yearsold.)

3.Whatwasthesalesgirl’sreactiontotheauthor’smentalarithmetic(心算)?

(Shewasverysurprisedatit.)

4.Didthesalesgirlbelievethattheauthordidcalculationsbymagic?

Whyorwhynot?

(Yes.Maybeshebelieveditbecauseshecouldneverdothat.)

5.Whatwastheauthor?

(Hewasateacheratacollege.)

6.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAmericanteenagers?

(Hethoughttheyareignorantandlackinginknowledgeofworldhistoryandgeography.)

7.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatwasthemostseriousproblemforAmericanteenagers?

(Theywereindifferenttotheirignorance.)

8.Whydidtheauthorgiveustheexampleofhisfriend’sson?

(Hejustintendedtoshowtheseriousnessoftheproblem.)

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwouldhappeniftherewasanidle,ignorantlaborforceinamodernindustrialstate?

(Therewouldbemanyproblemsinsocietysuchasplanecrashes,computerjamsandbreakdownsofcars.)

10.Whatwastheauthor’spurposeofofferingafable?

(HejustwantedtomakeAmericanteenagersunderstandthedangeroftheirignoranceandintellectuallaziness.)

II.ForPart2RearrangetheOrderofthePictures

–Kevin1835,apoorpeasantinIreland

–Kevin1928,asteel-millworkerinPittsburgh,U.S.A.

–Kevin1945,asoldierfightingtheJapanesearmy

–Kevin1966,astudentwhostudiesallthetimesoastogetintocollegeandlawschool

–Kevin1990,acleanerinaJapanese-ownedfactory

–Kevin2020,aporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians

–Kevin2050,livinginaslumandsearchingthroughtrashpilesforfood

DetailedReading

I.DifficultSentences

1.“Youdidthatinyourhead?

”sheaskedinamazement.(Para.3)

1)Whatdoestheword“that”referto?

(Itrefersto“theauthor’sdoingmentalarithmetic.”)

2)Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?

(Thechildrenlikethegirlinthetextareverypooratcalculationsandtheycanneverdomentalarithmeticlikethemandoes.)

2.Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience.(Para.6)

1)Whatisthemeaningofthephrase“suchanexperience”?

(Thephrase“suchanexperience”means“thesalesgirl’signorance.”)

2)Paraphrasethesentence.

(Anyadultwhohasgotaverageeducationwillfeelworriedandunhappyabouttheignorancethegirlshows.)

3.TheabilitytoperformeventhesimplestcalculationsisonlyamemoryamongmanystudentsIsee,andtheirknowledgeofworldhistoryorgeographyisnonexistent.(Para.7)

TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

(在我所见过的许多学生中,再也没有过去学生都有的哪怕是进行最简单的计算的能力,他们对世界历史和地理都一无所知。

4.Atsomepointsoon,hisintellectuallazinesswillseriouslyaffecthiswayoflife.(Para.9)

Paraphrasethesentence.

(Beforelonghisintellectuallazinesswillhaveaseriousinfluenceonhiswayoflife.)

TodrivethismessagehometosuchyoungAmericans,Ihaveahumblesuggestion:

amovie,orTVseries,dramatizingjusthowdifficultitwasforthiscountrytogetwhereitis—andhoweasilyitcouldallbelost.(Para.10)

TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

(为使这样的美国青年彻底认识到这一点,本人的愚见是:

拍一部电影,或电视连续剧,生动地描述我们国家的今天如何来之不易——而要丧失这一切又何其容易。

5.Hisonlyhopeliesinhischildren.(Para.12)

Whatishishope?

(Hishopeisthathischildrenwillgetgoodeducationandliveabetterlife.)

6.KevinHanley1928isfarbetteroffthaneitherhisfatherorhisgrandfather.(Para.13)

1)Whatisthemeaningofthissentence?

(Itmeansthatheismuchricherthanbothhisfatherandgrandfather.)

2)Whyishefarbetteroffthanthem?

(Heisricherbecauseheisliterate.That’stosay,hecanreadandwrite.)

7.Kevin2020’sfather,whoisofcourseKevin1990himself,worksasacleanerinafactoryownedbytheJapanese.(Para.18)

WhatcanweinferfromthefactthatthefactoryinwhichKevin2020’sfatherworksisownedbytheJapanesenottheChineseorpeoplefromothercountries?

(Itcanbeinferredthatintheauthor’sopiniontheJapanesearethesymbolofsuccessbecauseoftheirhardwork,educationanddiscipline.)

8.ThemanexplainstoKevinthatwhenamanhasnomoney,educationcansupplythehumancapitalnecessarytostarttoacquirefinancialcapital.(Para.20)

1)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

(那人跟凯文解释说,如果一个人没有钱,教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。

2)Doyouagreewiththatman’sopinion?

Whyorwhynot?

9.“AmericabeatJapaninwar?

”(Para.21)

Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?

(WecaninferfromthesentencethatKevin2050isreallyveryignorantabouthistory.)

10.…theyworkandstudyandlearnanddisciplinethemselves.(Para.21)

Therearethreewordsof“discipline”inthistext(Para.19,Para.20andPara.21).TellthedifferentmeaningsoftheminChinese.

[Thefirst“discipline”(Para.19)means“训练”,thesecond(Para.20)means“纪律”andthelastone(Para.21)means“约束”.]

11.“Sorry,Pop,”Kevin1990says.“Ihavetostudy.”(Para.24)

1)Whydoestheboysayso?

(Becausehisdreammakeshimknowtheimportanceofeducationandhehasmadeuphismindtostudyhard.)

2)Canyouimaginehisfather’sreactiontotheboy’sanswer?

II.Words&Expressions

runoutof:

useuporfinishasupplyof(sth.)

-Toourdisappointment,ourcarranoutofgashalfwayhome.

-Whentheyranoutoffood,thesoldierssetabouthuntingformore.

inamazement:

withafeelingofgreatsurpriseordisbelief

-AuntSophiagazedatherpictureinamazement:

shelookedlikeateenagegirlinit.

-当他大声地与他的朋友交谈时,报告厅里所有的人都吃惊地盯着他看。

(Allthepeopleinthelecturehallstaredathiminamazementwhenhetalkedloudlywithhisfriend.)

upset:

vt.

1)make(sb.)worryorfeelunhappy.

Pattern:

beupsetby/about

-Theyareterriblyupsetbythebreak-upoftheirparents’marriage.

-他为与他妻子争吵而感到烦恼。

(Hewasupsetabouttheargumenthehadwithhiswife.)

2)makeillinthestomach

-Theforeignfoodupsetme/mystomach.

3)knockover,causingconfusion

-Theboyupsettheglassofmilk.

-Herplanswereupsetbythechangeintheweather.

ignorant:

adj.knowinglittleornothing

-Shewasignorantofherhusband’sillegalactivities.Otherwiseshewouldhavedoneeverythingpossibletostophim.

Collocation:

ignorantabout/of在…方面无知的

-Somepeopleareignorantofthefactsaboutglobalwarming.

-我对计算机一窍不通。

(I’mratherignorantaboutcomputer.)

ability:

n.powerorskilltodo,make,orthink;talent

-Weelectedhimmonitorbecausehehadtheabilitytobringoutthebestinothers.

-虽然这翻译并不尽善尽美,但他已尽力而为了。

(Althoughhistranslationisnotperfect,hedidittothebestofhisability.)

-Helosttheabilitytowalkafteracaraccident.

CF:

ability,capability&capacity

这三个词都是名词,都有“能力”的意思。

ability含义最广,指智力(或体力)上的“能力”,主要指人,说明他能否做一件事,后面接不定式,或介词in,for,但不能接of+doing。

例如:

-Heshowsconsiderableabilityin/fororganization.(他颇有组织能力。

此外,该词用作复数时只能指智力方面的能力。

例如:

-Hehasfoundajobmoresuitedtohisabilities.(他找到了一份更适合他能力的工作。

capability与ability互通,也指智力(或体力)上的“能力”,可指人或物,后面接of+doing或for(doing)sth.。

例如:

-Theessayisaproofofthewriter’scapabilityofusingtherightwordintherightplace.(这篇文章证明作者能在适当的地方用适当的字。

NB:

需要注意的是,capabilityof后接含有主动意义的动作;capabilityfor后接含有被动意义的动作。

此外,capability常指天生或潜在的能力,而ability常指学到的能力。

例如:

-Heacquiredineighthourstheabilitytodriveacar.(他在八小时内就学会了开汽车。

capacity主要指能够容纳或吸收的“能力”,可用于人或物。

例如:

-Hehasacapacityformathematics.[他有学数学的能力。

(着重脑中的容纳力)]

-Theauditoriumhasaseatingcapacityoftwothousand.(礼堂能容纳二千人。

sumup:

giveabriefsummary(ofsth.)

-Myteacherwouldsumupthemainpointsofthelessonbeforeheendedtheclass.

-AlicesummedupherChristmasholidaysinoneword:

“Terrible.”

compete:

vi.trytobebetterthan(sb.else)

-Johncompetedforaplaceattheschool,buthedidn’tgetit.

Pattern:

competewith/against

-Theyoungtennisplayerhasoftencompetedagainstfamousplayers,butsofarhehasalwaysbeenbeaten.

-中国正与其他国家竞争国际市场。

(Chinaisnowcompetingwithothercountriesforworldmarket.)

accumulate:

v.collect,orgathertogether,esp.overaperiodoftime;makeorbecomegreaterinquantityorsize

-Ihaveaccumulatedmanybooksoverthelastfewyears.

-Dustquicklyaccumulatesifwedon’tsweepourroom.

-他债台高筑。

(Hisdebtsaccumulated.)

Collocation:

accumulateahugemassofdata积累大量资料

accumulateexperience积累经验

accumulateafortune积攒一笔财富

accumulateagoodlibrary积聚一大批藏书

CF:

accumulate&amass

两者均可指积聚大量的东西。

accumulate强调经年累月地点滴积累。

例如:

-Throughtheyearsheaccumulatedsufficientmoneytobuyafarmwhenheretired.(经过多年积攒,他有了足够的钱在退休时买下一个农场。

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