普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第十二次适应性训练英语12模试题.docx
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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第十二次适应性训练英语12模试题
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试第十二次适应性训练
英语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号和座位号。
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考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（满分100分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：
Howmuchistheshirt?
A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.
答案是B。
1.Whatarethespeakersdoingnow?
A.Listeningtotheradio.B.Havingaclass.C.Attendingaconcert.
2.Whatisthewomanplanningtodo?
A.Buysomeclothes.B.Getahaircut.C.Gototheman'shome.
3.What'sthemandoing?
A.Apologizingtothewoman.B.Criticizingthewoman.C.Arguingwiththewoman.
4.Howlateisthewoman?
A.Morethananhour.B.Anhour.C.45minutes.
5.Whydoesn'tthemangooutwithhisfriends?
A.Hedoesn'tlikegoingout.B.Thingsareexpensive.C.Hehasnotime.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What'sJenny'sproblem?
A.Shedislikeshistoryclass.B.Shedoespoorlyinhertests.
C.Shedoesbadlyinassignments.
7.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?
A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Husbandandwife.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.Howdidthemanfirsthearaboutthefootballmatch?
A.Ontheradio.B.OnTV.C.Fromthewoman.
9.Whenwillthefootballmatchbeheld?
A.Onthe4th.B.Onthe21st.C.Onthe28th.
10.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?
A.Buyhimdinner.B.Buyhimaticket.C.Helphimstudy.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.WhatisAmazonTreeHouses?
A.Itisahotel.B.Itisaprogram.C.Itisacompany.
12.Whyisthewomaninterestedinthearticle?
A.ShewantstotravelinAmazon.
B.Shewantstorunatreehousehotel.
C.Shewantstoliveinatreehouse.
13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'splan?
A.Notpractical.B.Quitegood.C.Justso-so.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?
A.Inacinema.B.Inagrocery.C.Inabookstore.
15.Whendidpopcorngrowmorepopular?
A.In1621.B.Inthe1930s.C.In1947.
16.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
A.Thefunctionofpopcornonfilms.B.Thevarioususesofpopcorn.
C.Thebriefhistoryofpopcorn.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.Whatmaterialwasthevaluablepennyfromthetalkmadeof?
A.Copper.B.Silver.C.Steel.
18.Whatcausedpenniestobemadedifferentlyin1943?
A.WorldWarII.B.Thecostofmetal.C.Collectors'taste.
19.Whywasthecoinsointerestingandvaluabletothecollector?
A.ItwasfromPhiladelphia.B.Itwasunique.
C.ItoncebelongedtoLincoln.
20.Whatkindsofcollectibleitemsareworththemost?
A.Rareones.B.Oldones.C.Onesfromthewar.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
第一节阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
Thecritics’topfourbooksof2018arebasedonChristmasselectionsinnationalnewspapers,theLondonEveningStandard,TheTLS,TheSpectatorandtheNewStatesman.
NormalPeoplebySallyRooneyFaber£14.99
SallyRooney’sdebutnovel,ConversationswithFriends,wasoneoflastyear’smosttalked-aboutbooks.TheresponsetotheIrishwriter’sfollow-uphas,ifanything,beenevenmoreecstatic.The27-year-oldwaspraisedforherabilitytoconveysubtlemodulationsofemotion.ThenovelwaslonglistedfortheManBookerPrize—butmanyfeltthatitshouldhavedonebetter.
VietnambyMaxHastingsWilliamCollins£30
Thislong-awaitedhistoricalblockbusterfollowstheVietnamWaroverthreedecades,fromtheFrench“dirtywar”of1946—54toAmerica’scapitulationtotheVietcongin1975.Hastings,whoreportedfromthebattlefieldinVietnamasayoungBritishjournalist,waspraisedforhisencyclopedicknowledgeoftheconflict.
TheSilenceoftheGirlsbyPatBarkerHamishHamilton£18.99
PatBarker’snovelisaretellingofThelliad—butwithwomenattheheartoftheaction.ThecentralcharacterisBriseis,whoappearsonlyglancinglyinHomersoriginal.Best-knownforherFirstWorldWarSetRegenerationtrilogy（1997）.Barker,inherfifties,againfocusesonthetraumasofwar.Reviewerspraisedthenovel’ssubversiveenergyevenifitwasjudgedconventionalinplaces.
ACertainIdeaofFrancebyJulianJacksonAllenLane£35
ThisbiographybyBritishhistorianJulianJackson—bornin1954chroniclesthelifeofCharlesdeGaullewhoisregardedasoneofthegreatesteverFrenchmen.WhileacknowledgingthatdeGaullewasn’tverylikeable,Jacksonsaluteshisimaginationandboldness-qualitiesthathelpedhimsteerFrancethroughitsliberationfromtheNazisandthewarinAlgeria.Criticssuggesteditwouldbecomethestandardbiography.
21．Whichauthorofthefourbooksistheyoungestaccordingtothetext?
A．SallyRooneyB．MaxHastingsC．PatBarkerD．JulianJackson
22．Whichbookmaypeoplewhoareinterestedinapoliticalleader’slifechoose?
A．NormalPeopleB．Vietnam
C．TheSilenceoftheGirlsD．ACertainIdeaofFrance
23．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
A．Torememberthefourgreatnovelists.B．Topromotethevaluesofthefournovelists
C．ToencouragestudiesonthefournovelsD．Tointroducetheyearlytopfournovels.
B
Whenadriverslamsonthebrakestoavoidhittingapedestriancrossingtheroadillegally,sheismakingamoraldecisionthatshiftsriskfromthepedestriantothepeopleinthecar.Self-drivingcarsmightsoonhavetomakesuchethical（道德的）judgmentsontheirown—butsettlingonauniversalmoralcodeforthevehiclescouldbeatoughtask,suggestsasurvey.
Thelargesteversurveyofmachineethics,calledtheMoralMachine,laidout13possiblesituationsinwhichsomeone’sdeathwasunavoidable.Respondentswereaskedtochoosewhotospareinsituationsthatinvolvedamixofvariables:
youngorold,richorpoor,morepeopleorfewer.Within18months,theonlinequizhadrecorded40milliondecisionsmadebypeoplefrom233countriesandterritories.
Whentheresearchersanalysedtheseanswers,theyfoundthatthenationscouldbedividedintothreegroups.OnecontainsNorthAmericaandseveralEuropeannationswhereChristianityhasbeenthedominant（占支配地位的）religion;anotherincludescountriessuchasJapan,IndonesiaandPakistan,withstrongConfucianorIslamictraditions.AthirdgroupconsistsofcountriesinCentralandSouthAmerica,suchasColombiaandBrazil.Thefirstgroupshowedastrongerpreferenceforsacrificingolderlivestosaveyoungeronesthandidthesecondgroup,forexample.
Theresearchersalsoidentifiedrelationshipsbetweensocialandeconomicfactorsinacountry.Theyfoundthatpeoplefromrelativelywealthycountrieswithstronginstitutions,suchasFinlandandJapan,moreoftenchosetohitpeoplewhosteppedintotrafficillegallythandidrespondentsinnationswithweakerinstitutions,suchasNigeriaorPakistan.
Peoplerarelyfacesuchmoraldilemmas,andsomecitiesquestionwhetherthepossiblesituationsposedintheonlinequizarerelevanttotheethicalandpracticalquestionssurroundingdriverlesscars.Buttheresearchersarguethatthefindingsrevealculturaldifferencesthatgovernmentsandmakersofself-drivingcarsmusttakeintoaccountiftheywantthevehiclestogainpublicacceptance.
AtleastBarbaraWege,whoheadsagroupworkingonautonomous-vehicleethicsatAudiinIngolstadt,Germany,sayssuchstudiesarevaluable.Wegearguesthatself-drivingcarswouldcausefeweraccidents,proportionally,thanhumandriversdoeachyear—butthatpeoplemightfocusmoreoneventsinvolvingrobots.
SurveyssuchastheMoralMachinecanhelptobeginpublicdiscussionsabouttheseunavoidableaccidentsthatmightdeveloptrust.“Weneedtocomeupwithasocialconsensus,”shesays,“aboutwhichriskswearewillingtotake.”
24．Whyisitdifficulttosetuniversalmoralrulesforprogrammingself-drivingcars?
A．Socialvaluesalwayschangewiththetimes.
B．Moralchoicesvarybetweendifferentcultures.
C．Drivershaveapreferenceforsacrificingtheweak.
D．Carmakersarefacedwithdecisionsoflifeordeath.
25．Theresearchersconductedthestudyby_____.
A．usingamassiveonlinequizworldwide
B．comparingdifferentculturesandcustoms
C．dividingtherespondentsintothreegroups
D．performingaseriesofcontrolledexperiments
26．Accordingtothestudy,inwhichcountryaredriversmorelikelytohitapedestriancrossingtheroadillegally?
A．NigeriaB．ColombiaC．IndonesiaD．Finland
27．BarbaraWegewouldprobablyagreethat_____.
A．Self-drivingcarswillgreatlyimprovethetrafficenvironment
B．Accidentscausedbyself-drivingcarsmightreceivemoreattention
C．Problemsinvolvingself-drivingcarsmightshakethepublictrustinsociety
D．Carmakersneedn’ttaketheriskofsolvingself-drivingcarethicaldilemmas
C
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife and deathaffairs.Intheirsingle mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.
However,
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