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必修4Module4GreatScientists
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1.biochemistryn. 生物化学
2.botanyn.植物学
3.geneticsn.遗传学
4.zoologyn.动物学
5.nicknamen.绰号
6.breedingn.培育
7.speciesn.[纵联1](动物或植物的)种
8.yieldn.产量
9.hybridn.杂交种
10.bestsellern.畅销书(或唱片等)
11.relativityn.相对论
12.rocketn.火箭
13.millenniumn.千年
14.gunpowdern.火药
15.arrown.(弓)箭
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1.leadingadj.主要的
2.figuren.人物
3.publishvt.出版
4.breakthroughn.[纵联2]突破
5.supportvt.支持
6.convertvt.改变;转换
7.replacevt.取代;以……代替
8.victimn.受害者
9.partlyadv.部分地;在一定程度上
10.escapevi.逃跑;逃避;逃脱
11.clearvi.(烟雾)消散
12.quantityn.[纵联3]数量
13.qualityn.质量
14.stapleadj.主要的;重要的
15.brilliantadj.聪颖的;才华横溢的
16.biologyn.生物学
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1.producern.生产者→producevt.生产→productionn.生产;产量→productn.产品
2.educatevt.教育→educationn.教育→educatorn.教育工作者→educatedadj.受过教育的→educationaladj.教育的
3.agriculturen.农业→agriculturaladj.农业的
4.originaladj.原来的;最初的→originn.起源→originatevi.起源
5.exportvt.出口→(反义词)importvt.进口[纵联4]
6.briefadj.简短的;简洁的→brieflyadv.简短地;简洁地
7.graduatevi.毕业n.毕业生→graduationn.毕业
8.personaladj.个人的→personallyadv.就个人而言→personalityn.个性;性格
9.explodevi.爆炸→explosionn.爆炸;爆炸声
纵联1.以s结尾的单复数同形名词
①species(动物或植物的)种 ②series系列
③means方法④crossroads十字路口
⑤remains剩余物⑥works工厂
⑦arms武器⑧papers论文
纵联2.“v.+adv.”合成名词大观园
①breakthrough突破②breakdown故障;破损
③breakup破裂;瓦解④takeaway外卖食物
⑤warmup热身运动⑥gettogether联欢会;聚会
纵联3.“数量”有很多
①quantity数量②amount数量
③number数量④mass大量
⑤plenty大量⑥abundance大量
纵联4.“经济生活”常用到
①export出口②import进口
③invest投资④bid出价;投标
⑤distribute分配;分布⑥discount打折
单元话题——伟大的科学家
子话题1 各类科学家
①physicistn.物理学家②astronomern.天文学家
③chemistn.化学家;药剂师④technologistn.技术专家
⑤mathematiciann.数学家⑥biologistn.生物学家
⑦inventorn.发明家⑧geographern.地理学家
⑨zoologistn.动物学家⑩botanistn.植物学家
子话题2 工作职责与资格
①certificaten.证明;证(明)书②qualificationn.资格;学历
③qualifyvt.&vi.(使)具有资格④inventvt.发明;创造
⑤qualifiedadj.有资格的⑥responsibilityn.责任;负责
⑦undertakevt.承担;从事;负责⑧chargevt.负责;主管
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷
(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1.(2018·江苏高考阅读C)Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:
Momandpopcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture❶,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajor❷players.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生态系统),smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.AsthecofounderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,美国青年农会)andafamilyfarmermyself,Ihaveafrontrowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransforming❸theindustry.
①写出agriculture的形容词形式:
agricultural。
相对应的词industry意为“工业,制造业”
②写出major在本单元中的近义词:
leading/staple。
major的名词形式为majority,意为“大多数;大半”
③写出transforming在本单元中的近义词:
converting
2.(2017·江苏高考阅读B)This ❶ (educate)methodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologist❷atFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperb❸fairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.
①用educate的正确形式填空:
educational
②写出biologist在本单元中的同根名词:
biology
③写出superb在本单元中的近义词:
brilliant。
其近义词还有wonderful,excellent,great等
高考采撷
(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1.(2017·北京高考书面表达)几天后,当这段视频在毕业典礼上播放时,它得到了很好的反响。
(graduation)
Several_days_later,_when_the_video_was_played_on_the_graduation_ceremony,_it_was_well_received.
2.(2016·北京高考书面表达)关于我在中国历史上最喜欢的人物,一定是晚清伟大的思想家魏源。
(figure)
As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it_must_be_Wei_Yuan,_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.
3.(2016·江苏高考书面表达)这与普通的投票活动没有任何区别,在这些活动中,候选人四处寻找支持。
(support)
It_makes_no_difference_from_ordinary_voting_events,_in_which_candidates_go_around_to_seek_supports.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1.supportvt.&n.支持;拥护;支撑;供养
[记牢]
(1)supportsb.insth. 在某方面支持某人
supporta(one's)family/oneself养家糊口/自力更生
(2)cometoone'ssupport来支持某人
withone'ssupport在某人的支持下
insupportof支持;拥护
offersupporttosb.给某人提供支持
[练通] 单句语法填空
①MyparentsalwayssupportmeinwhatIwanttodo.
②Withthesupportofthegovernment,manypatientsinpoorareascanaffordtogotohospital.
③Ourgovernmentofferssupporttothegraduateswhoplantoruntheirownbusinesses.
④Severalmembersspokeinsupportofthevolunteersatthemeetingyesterday.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2017·天津高考书面表达)在您的支持下,我成功地成为第13届全国运动会的志愿者。
With_your_support,_I_have_successfully_got_admitted_as_a_volunteer_for_the_13th_National_Games.
2.quantityn.数量;大量
[记牢]
alarge(good)/smallquantityof 大/少量的
largequantitiesof大量的;许多的
inquantity大量地
inquantityandquality在数量和质量上
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Alargequantityofmoneyhas_been_collected(collect)tohelpthosesufferingfromthefloods.
②Quantitiesoffoodandtentswere(be)senttoearthquakestrickenareasfromShandongyesterday.
③Wecanofferyouabetterpriceifyoucanbuyitinquantity.
[用准] aquantityof,largequantitiesof既可接不可数名词,也可接可数名词的复数形式,但当它作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据quantity的单复数形式而定。
[写美] 补全句子
④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)首先,最令人期待的活动是一年一度的乒乓球比赛,会有大量有天赋的球员参与。
Tobeginwith,themostexpectedactivityistheannualtabletenniscompetitionthat_involves_a_large_quantity_of_talented_players.
3.escapev.&n.逃跑,逃脱;避开;(气体、液体等)漏出;被遗忘
[辨清] 写出下列句中escape的含义
①Withoutthinkinghestartedtorunandluckilyescapedthecat'spaw.逃脱
②Seeingthepoisonousgasescapingfromthebrokenpipe,hesoundedthealarm.漏出
③Thetwoofficerswereextremelyluckytoescapeseriousinjury.避开
④Boblookedbackonlytofindanoldclassmatewhosenameescapedhimforthemoment.被遗忘
[记牢]
(1)escape(doing)sth. 逃脱(做)某事
escapefrom/outof...从……逃跑/逃走
escapesb./one'sattention/notice
被某人遗忘/逃过某人的注意
(2)narrowlyescape=anarrowescape
死里逃生;幸免于难
[练通] 单句语法填空
⑤Totheirrelief,theirstudentsnarrowlyescapedfromtheshakingbuilding.
⑥Thatwasanarrowescapeallrightwhenourcarturnedover!
⑦Heescapedbeing_killed(kill)intheblastbecausehehadnotgonetowork.
[用准]
(1)escape本身即为“离开”的意思,后面不需加away或off等。
(2)escape意为“被……遗忘;没有被……注意到”时,用sth.escapesb.结构表示,而不是用sb.escapesth.结构。
[写美] 补全句子
⑧非常幸运,他设法从快速上升的洪水中逃脱。
Withthegreatestofluckhe_managed_to_escape_fromtherisingfloodwaters.
4.clearvi.(烟雾)消散;变清澈;(天)变晴vt.使清澈;使清楚;消除;扫清adj.清澈的;晴朗的;清晰的;畅通的
[记牢]
(1)clearaway 清除;驱散;拿走;收拾
clearup(天)放晴;消散;整理;清理;消除(误会)
clearone'sthroat(说话前)清嗓子
(2)阐明;明确表示
Itisclearthat...显然……
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Itwasafinedayoncethemisthadclearedup.
②Itreallyseemedagesbeforethepolicecameonthesceneandclearedawaythedamagedcars.
③Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.
[写美] 翻译句子
④显然,手机在青少年中变得流行并且改变了他们的生活方式。
It_is_clear_that_mobile_phones_have_become_popular_among_teenagers_and_changed_their_way_of_life.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.JustasIwaswonderingwhattodonext,Isawafamiliarfigure(人物)passingbyourclassroom.
2.Thecitycouncilistakingstepstoreplace(取代)itsstreetcarswithbuses.
3.Surgeonshavemadeagreatbreakthrough(突破)inthekidneytransplant.
4.Hepublished(出版)hisfirstnovelwhenhewaseighteenyearsold.
5.Everyyear,Indiaexports(出口)alotofteaandcottontomanydifferentcountries.
6.Mostofthefloodvictims(受害者)hadtoleavealltheirthingsbehind.
7.Wehavetodealwiththeemotionalandphysical(身体的)problemsthatgoalongwithobesity.
8.Heletoutalongsigh,mainlyofrelief,partly(部分地)ofsadness.
9.Tellthestorybriefly(简短地)andthenexplainwhyyoudoordonotenjoyit.
10.Localpeoplehavegivenusalotofsupport(支持)inourcampaign.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Aftermygraduation(graduate),Dad'sbusinesswasgettingbackontrack.
2.Themurderertriedtoescapebeing_caught(catch)bythepolicebutinvain.
3.ItissaidthathewasforcedtoresignasTransportMinisterbecauseoftheundergroundexplosion(explode).
4.Theyhaveconvertedthespareroomintoastudy,wherechildrencanreadordotheirhomework.
5.Mostpeopleholdthebeliefthateducation(educate)canchangeone'sfate.
6.TheUSwantsbigcutsinEuropeanagricultural(agriculture)exportsubsidies,butthisismeetingresistance.
7.Thisisacopyofthefamouspicture,andtheoriginal(origin)workisnowintheBritishMuseum.
8.Alltheleading(lead)newspapersreportedthetradetalksbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.
9.It'ssaidthatincreasedoilproduction(produce)canaccountforthedropinoilprices.
10.Thesemeasuresarestronglysupported(support)byenvironmentalgroups.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.Personal,Istronglysubscribetothispracticefortworeasons.Personal→Personally
2.Hisfirstbookpublishedlastyearanditturnedouttobeabestseller.published前加was
3.Largequantitiesofgoodshasbeensoldoutsincetheybroughtdowntheprice.has→have
4.Onbrief,practiceisfarmoreimportantthanbookknowledge.On→In
5.Hisconfidentwordshaveclearedoutourdoubtsabouthowtheplanwillbecarriedout.第一个out→up
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1.像北京这样的城市遭受着严重的雾霾,雨水可以帮助清除空气污染。
(clear)
CitieslikeBeijingsufferfromterriblesmog,andraincanhelpclear_away_air_pollution.
2.本学期你的工作在数量和质量上都有所提高。
(quality,quantity)
Yourworkhasimprovedin_quantity_and_qualitythisterm.
3.一些专家表示支持酒后驾车的禁令。
(support)
Someexpertshavespokenin_support_ofthebanofdrunkdriving.
4.你很幸运的逃脱了惩罚。
(escape)
Youareluckytoescape_being_punished.
5.他决心在事业上取得突破,在公司里夜以继日地工作。
(breakthrough)
Determinedtomake_a_breakthroughinhiscareer,heworksdayandnightinthecompany.
(一)课前自主学习
1.bring_up 培养;养育
2.the_key_to_(doing)_sth.[串记1](做)某事的关键
3.experiment_with对……进行实验
4.bring_in引进
5.carry_out[串记2]实施;履行;完成(任务)
6.as_a_result_of由于……的结果
7.be_known_for[串记3]因……而出名/闻名
8.be_diagnosed_with被诊断患有(……疾病)
9.earn_one's_living谋生
10.come_to_power掌权
[同根短语串记]
串记1.由thekeyto想到的
①thekeyto……的关键②theaccessto……的通道