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必修4Unit1练习
必修4Unit1Womenofachievement
复习目标闯关
语法核心突破
主谓一致
主谓一致是一种常见的语法现象,它指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。
其用法较为复杂
主谓一致依据语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三条原则兹简述如下
一、名词作主语时的主谓一致
1.集体名词作主语若强调整体,谓语动词用单数,若突出个体,谓语动词为复数。
常见的这类名词有committee,family,group,class,army,enemy等例如:
Myfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.我家已搬进了新房子
Myfamilyenjoysports.我全家人都喜欢运动
[拓展延伸]
people,police,youth,cattle等作主语,谓语动词常用复数如:
Thepolicehavecaughtthethieves.警察捉住了盗贼
2.单复数同形的名词作主语,谓语动词可为单数,亦可为复数,视其意义而定。
如:
works(工厂),means(方法),作主语也有类似用法如:
Everymeanshasbeentried.每一种方法都试过了
Allmeanshavebeentried.所有的方法都试过了
3.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等度量衡的词语作主语,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Onehundredli/kilometerswascoveredonasinglenight.一夜走了一百里路
Fiveyuanisenough.五元钱就够了
二、并列主语的主谓一致
1.and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式,但在下列情况下用单数:
①and连接的并列主语指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念例如:
TheEnglishteacherandheadteacherisayoungman.
英语老师兼班主任是位年轻人
②and连接的并列名词有each,every,no或manya等修饰语时,谓语动词用单数例如:
Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.
在我们国家每一个男女孩子都有受教育的权利
Noteacherandnostudentwaspresentattheparty.
老师和学生都没有参加晚会
2.由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…also…,not…but…等连接并列主语时,遵循就近原则,即谓语动词应与最靠近它的主语一致。
例如:
EitherheorIamwrong.不是他错了就是我错了
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisactiveinsportsandgames.
不但学生就连老师也积极参加体育运动
3.两个主语由aswellas,ratherthan,but,togetherwith,alongwith,,with,except,besides等连接时,谓语动词的数与最前面的主语保持一致例如:
Theteacheraswellasthestudentshasseenthefilm.
老师和学生都看过这部电影
NobodybutXiaoWangandXiaoLiwashere.只有小王和小李在这儿
Iaswellastheyamtoreadytohelpyou.不仅他们,我也愿帮助你
三、名词化形容词作主语时的主谓一致
“the+adj.”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。
常见的这类词有:
thepoor,therich,thesick,thedead,theyoung,thewise,thedeaf,theblind,thelearned,thewounded,theaged,thekilled,theliving,thedying,theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese等。
例如:
Theyoungarerequiredtorespecttheold.年轻人应该尊敬老年人。
Theinjuredhavebeentakentohospital.伤员已经被送往医院
四、不定式、动名词和名词从句作主语
不定式、动名词和句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Tobecomedoctorsistheirambition.当医生是他们的志愿。
Readingwithoutcomprehensionisnogood.读书而不理解是不行的。
Whenandwherethistookplaceisstillunknown.这件事何时何地发生尚不知晓。
【拓展延伸】
在what引导的主语从句中,如果表语为复数形式,谓语动词也要用复数。
例如:
Whatthechildrenneedareinterestingbooks.孩子们需要有趣的书
五、倒装句中的主谓一致
倒装句中的谓语动词与后面的主语一致。
例如:
InthecentreofTian’anMenSquarestandstheChairmanMao’sMemorialHall.毛主席纪念馆位于天安门广场中心
Herecomesthebus.车来了
Hereyouare.给你!
[拓展延伸]
here或there引导的句子有两个以上主语时,遵循就近原则如:
Herearesomepensandpaperforyou.这是给你的钢笔和纸张。
【语法专练】
1.______ofthelandinmyhometown______coveredwithtreesandgrass.
A.Twothird;isB.Twothird;areC.Twothirds;isD.Twothirds;are
2.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_____eachyear.
A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedaway
C.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway
3.Thepolice_____searchingforatalldarkmanwithabeard.Tillnowmorethanoneperson_____suspected.
A.is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are
4.WhatIwant________aninterestingbookwhilewhatheexpects________twocupsofcoffee.
A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are
5.Morethanone____thepeopleheartandsoul.
A.officialhasservedB.officialshaveserved
C.officialhasservedforD.officialshaveservedfor
答案:
1~5CDCCA
高考真题链接
1.(2010·全国卷新课标卷·T22)Theworkers______theglassesandmarkedoneachbox”ThisSideUP”
AcarriedBdelivered
CpressedDpacked
【解析】选D句意:
工人们把这些眼镜包装起来并在每个盒子上标注“此面朝上”。
Carry“携带,运送”;deliver“传递,发送”;press“挤压”;pack“包装”。
2.(2010·湖北B卷·T24)Mistakesdon’tjusthappen;theyoccurforareason.Findoutthereason,andthenmakingthemistakebecomes.
A.favourableB.preciousC.essentialD.worthwhile
【解析】选D。
句意:
错误并不仅仅是发生,它们因为某个原因而产生。
找出原因,让错误变得值得。
favourable“赞成的,有利的,良好的”;precious“珍贵的”;essential“基本的”;worthwhile“值得的”。
3.(2009·福建卷·T22)-WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?
-Becauselargequantitiesofwater.
A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted
【解析】选D考查动词时态,语态和主谓语一致。
根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响,时态用现在完成时,动词与主语是被动关系,用被动语态。
主语是largequantitiesofwater,其中心词是quantities,是复数,谓语动词用复数,选D。
4.(2009·湖北卷·T21)Wouldyouplease______thepaperformeandseeifthereareanyobviousmistakes?
A.lookaroundB.lookintoC.lookupD.lookthrough
【解析】选D考查动词短语。
该句意思是“请你为我检查一下文章看是否有明显错误”。
lookthrough可表示“检查,浏览”之意。
lookaround“环顾”,lookinto“调查”,lookup“抬头看,查阅”。
5.(2009·江苏卷·T21)ThepopulationofJiangsu__tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.
A.hasgrownB.havegrownC.grewD.aregrowing
【解析】选A考察主谓一致和时态。
population是集合名词,或集体名词,即看成一个整体,所以谓语动词用单数形式。
句子说的是江苏现在的人口数量和以及增长,用完成时表示现在的状态。
6.(2008·重庆卷)OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly_____________howmuchIlovedthem.
A.IrealizedB..IhadrealizedC..hadIrealizedD.didIrealize
【解析】选D考查倒装。
only放于句首,要求其后的主句进行部分倒装
完形填空:
1
In1957,JaneGoodallfirstmetthefamousanthropologist(人类学者)DrLouisLeakey,wholaterplayedanimportantroleinherlife.Withthe36ofgaininginsightintohumans’evolutionary(进化的)past,DrLeakey37apioneeringlong-termfieldstudyon38chimps.EventhoughJanehadnoformal39,herpatienceanddeterminationtounderstandanimals40himtochooseherforthestudy.41itwasunusualforawomantoworkintheforestofAfrica,goingthere42thefulfillment(实现)ofherchildhooddream.Inthesummerof1960she43inTanzania(坦桑尼亚)onLakeTanganyika’seasternshore.Thismarkedthe44ofthelongestcontinuousfieldstudyofanimalsintheir45habitat(栖息地).Fiveyears46,sheearnedadoctor’sdegreeatCambridgeUniversityandthen47toTanzaniatofoundtheGombeStreamResearchCenter.Andin1977,toprovideon--going48forchimpresearch,DrGoodall49TheJaneGoodallInstitute.
Today,she50mostofhertimetravelingaroundtheworld,givinglecturesonher51atGombeandspeakingtoschoolgroupsaboutRoots&&Shoots,herenvironmentaleducationandhumanitarianprogramforthe52.
“Chimpshavegivenmeso53.Thelonghoursspentwiththeminthe54haveenrichedmylifebeyondmeasure.WhatIhavelearnedfromthemhasshapedmy55ofhumanbehavior,ofourplaceinnature.”
36.A.wayB.ideaC.knowledgeD.method
37.A.suggestedB.achievedC.arguedD.changed
38.A.modestB.specialC.rudeD.wild
39.A.exerciseB.trainingC.livingD.practice
40.A.devotedB.letC.madeD.led
41.A.IfB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.Once
42.A.meantB.stoppedC.intendedD.inspired
43.A.arrivedB.leftC.reachedD.went
44.A.endB.beginning
C.happeningD.achievement
45.A.newB.oldC.man-madeD.natural
46.A.laterB.beforeC.agoD.behind
47.A.connectedB.referredC.returnedD.turned
48.A.environmentB.evidence
C.timeD.support
49.A.createdB.builtC.foundedD.set
50.A.costsB.spendsC.paysD.devotes
51.A.braveryB.presence
C.experiencesD.appearance
52.A.animalsB.youthC.humanD.adults
53.A.littleB.manyC.muchD.few
54.A.fieldB.universityC.instituteD.forest
55.A.imaginationB.desire
C.understandingD.protection
keys:
36-40BADBD41-45CAABD46-50ACDCB51-55CBCDC
2
SheriStrailyneverknewhowfarlife’shighwaycouldtakeher 36 herdreamforherchildrenhelpedherfindout...
Growingup,Sheri 37 thoughtforamomentthatshe’d 38 ittocollege.Instead,shetookajobdrivingatractortrailer. 39 yearspassed,Sherifellinlove,marriedandhadthreechildren. 40 shewantedtobeclosetohome,she 41 toadeskjobatthetruckingcompany.
Butonedayafterwork,whileSheriwas 42 herkidsplaying,shebegantothink,“Iwantthemtoachievesomuch,buthowcanIaffordtogivethemthe 43 they’llneed,likecollege?
”
Thenitcametoher:
shewastheonewhoneeded 44 first.
“ 45 forit,”herhusbandencouragedher.SoSherienrolledattheUniversityofDenver’sWomen’sCollege, 46 lethertakeallofherclassesonweekends,soshe 47 stillwork.
ThoughSherilovedher 48 ,shemissedhome.Sheriwouldstayathomeonweekends.
49 makethetwo-hourtriptoschool.“IwishIwerehomewithSteveandthe 50 ,”she’dthink.ButEric,eight,Ryan,seven,andKristin,five, 51 theirmomalltheway.“ 52 doyourbest,”theysaid.
Sheridid,gettingstraightA’sassheentereda 53 inbusinessadministration.NowsheisattendingtheUniversityofDenverLawSchoolonameritscholarship.
“Ithasn’tbeen 54 ,”wroteSheri,“butit’s 55 formeandmyfamily.”
36.A.afterB.beforeC.untilD.once
37.A.neverB.justC.everD.even
38.A.hitB.makeC.admitD.have
39.A.SinceB.WithC.WhileD.As
40.A.BecauseB.ForC.ThereforeD.Thus
41.A.askedB.returnedC.switchedD.sought
42.A.findingB.noticingC.seeingD.watching
43.A.opportunitiesB.moneyC.jobsD.career
44.A.schoolB.collegeC.helpD.assistance
45.A.GoB.SearchC.GetD.Come
46.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.as
47.A.couldB.mustC.shouldD.may
48.A.teachersB.studiesC.classmatesD.job
49.A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.aswellasD.lessthan
50.A.kidsB.relativesC.husbandD.parents
51.A.opposedB.backedC.agreedD.liked
52.A.RarelyB.JustC.StillD.Never
53.A.degreeB.workC.jobD.interview
54.A.difficultB.unusualC.ordinaryD.easy
55.A.rewardingB.interestingC.movingD.demanding
36.解析:
句意为“SheriStraily从不知道生活的高速公路能把她带到多远,直到她对孩子的梦想帮助她发现(生活的高速公路能把她带到多远)”,所以选until。
答案:
C
37.解析:
通过上文的neverknew的提示,选出neverthought,“长这么大,她从未想过能上大学”。
答案:
A
38.解析:
makeit相当于managetodosth.或succeedindoingsth.,意为“成功、做到”。
答案:
B
39.解析:
“随着一年年的过去”,as(“随着”)后接从句。
若选择with应改成with