高考英语summary写作终极版.docx

高考英语summary写作终极版.docx

《高考英语summary写作终极版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语summary写作终极版.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语summary写作终极版

写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

1）删除细节。

只保留主要观点。

2）避免重复。

在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。

但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。

应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

3）删除具体例子。

不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。

注：

原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

4）使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：

“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervocation.”

可以概括为：

“Shebroughthomealotofbookstoreadduringthevocation.”

5）把文章的对话或直接引语（的要点）改成间接引语叙述。

6）把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。

如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

7）压缩长的句子。

如下列两例：

“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.”

可以概括为：

“Hewasverybraveinbattle.”

“Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.”

可以概括为：

“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.”

8）你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。

“BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthesemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.” 

可以概括为：

”BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,aretodayaccessibletomany,thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsandbettertransportationservices.” 

9）文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如：

KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly:

Youusemuchtoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul—it’snotgoodforyou!

”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned:

”Whyonearthnot!

Ifyoudidn’thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful…likeeatingcardboardorsand…justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit,orpotatoesorpastacookedwithoutsalt!

”Katewaspatient.Shedidn’twanttoquarrelwithPaul.Shewantedtopersuadehim.Shesaidfirmly:

”Buttoomuchsaltisbadforyou.Itcausehighbloodpressureandlatteron,heart-attacks.Italsodisguisesthetasteoffood,therealtasteswhicharemuchmoresubtlethansalt,andwhichwehavelostthesensitivitytoappreciateanymore.” 

可以用第三人称概括为：

KatesuggestedtoPaulthatheshouldeatlesssalt.ShethoughtthateatingtoomuchsaltwoulddohardtoPaul’shealthandthatitcouldreducetherealtastesoffood.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.

II.练习篇----学以致用

1,Then,youcanthinkofawaytomakebothsideshappy.Herearesometips

1）Maketimetotalk.Youcouldtalkaboutyourschoollifeandyourplansforthefuture.

2）..Keepadiary.Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.

3）.Showyourparentsyouaregrowingup.Washyourownclothesandhelparoundthehouse.

Summary:

Therearesometipsforchildrentofollowsothattheycangetonwellwiththeirparents.

2.Sometimes,kidsdon’tthinktheirparentsarefairtothem.Whenyouwanttodressinamodernway,yourmumdoesn’tlikeyoutowearamini-skirt.Whenyouaremakingphonecallstofriends,theyaskwhetheryou’respeakingtoaboyoragirl.

Summary:

Itisquitenaturalthatwechildrenlookatthesameproblemdifferentlyfromourparents.

3.KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,“Youusetoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul.It’snotatallgoodforyou!

”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned,“Whyonearthnot!

Ifyoudidn’thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful…likeeatingwoodorsand…justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit!

”

Summary:

KatesuggestedthatPaulshouldeatlesssalt.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.

4.ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.

Summary:

Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.

Ⅲ.Task2:

findouthowtosummarizethewholepassage

段意合并法（说明文、应用文）

第一步,通读全文,领略大意;

第二步,小结每一段的大意;

第三步,根据每一段的大意以及作者的侧重点,综合归纳全文的大意.

对于说明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字说明某一现象。

比如，可以概括如下“Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon…”

要素串联法（记叙文）

记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。

常见的形式有：

故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。

记叙文通常要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where,when,what,who,how,给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。

事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意。

主题概括法（议论文）

第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。

任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

一般地说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。

第二、根据原文的词句（一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句）,进行改写:

或用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换（如主动句改为被动句等等）.千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句.

第三、用连词连接各部分，使它连贯；

第四、整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数（30个词左右）。

议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。

作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。

议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。

尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。

可以采用如下方法概括：

Thewriterofthisarticlethinksthat…或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Somepeoplethink…还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说Thearticlegivestheviewthat…

5.ItmusthavebeenabouttwointhemorningwhenIreturnedhome.Itriedtowakeupmywifebyringingthedoorbell,butshewasfastasleep,soIgotaladderfromtheshedinthegarden,putitagainstthewall,andbeganclimbingtowardsthebedroomwindow.Iwasalmosttherewhenasarcasticvoicebelowsaid,“Idon’tthinkthewindowsneedcleaningatthistimeofthenight.”IlookeddownandnearlyfellofftheladderwhenIsawapoliceman.IimmediatelyregrettedansweringinthewayIdid,butIsaid,“Ienjoycleaningwindowsatnight.”

“SodoI,”answeredthepolicemaninthesametone.“Excusemyinterruptingyou.Ihatetointerruptamanwhenhe’sbusyworking,butwouldyoumindcomingwithmetothestation?

”

“Well,I’dprefertostayhere,”Isaid.“Yousee,I’veforgottenmykey.”

“Yourwhat?

”hecalled.

“Mykey,”Ishouted.

Fortunately,theshoutingwokeupmywifewhoopenedthewindowjustasthepolicemanhadstartedtoclimbtowardsme

这是一篇记叙文，请从原文中划出时间、地点、人物、事情的经过和结果。

填充下面所给的summary,注意如何借用词法，语法简化句子。

Summary:

Onarrivinghome__________inthemorning,thewriterfailedtowakeup__________byringingthedoorbell.Hetriedto_______________,butwasfoundby_____________.Soonhisshoutingwokehiswife.

Onarrivinghomeatabouttwointhemorning,thewriterfailedtowakeuphiswifebythedoorbell.Hetriedtoclimbtowardsthebedroomwindow,butwasfoundbyapoliceman.Soonhisshoutingwokehiswife.（40words）

6.Advertisingcanbeaservicetocustomers.Thisistruewhenadvertisementsgivereliableinformationaboutthegoodsadvertised.Suchinformationisneededifthecustomeristomakeasensiblechoicewhenhebuyssomething.Itisusefulinthatitletshimknowofthekindsofgoodsintheshops.Printedadvertisementsdothisjobbest.Customerscancollectthemandcomparethem.Theycanbetakenalongtotheshopsandtheirstatementscanbecheckedagainstandactualgoodsintheshops.

Someadvertisementsarenotveryusefultothecustomers.Insteadofhelpingthecustomertosatisfyhisrealneeds,theysetouttomakehimwantthings.Theysetouttomakeusbelievethatwhattheyadvertisewillmakeuscleverer,prettier,morehandsome,ifonlyweuseit.ThevoiceonTVsays,“GetawaypeopleuseXYZpetrol.”Thescreenshowsapictureofpetrolpumpforafastexpensivecarownedbyaboywithaprettygirlfriend.Theydriveofftothewonderfulcountryoralovelybeach.Somepeoplemayfeelthatclever,successfulpeopleuseXYZpetrol.Somemightchoosethatpetroleverytimetheyfilluptheircars.

Summary:

Advertisingcanbeusefulwhenitprovidescustomerswithreliableinformation，whilesomeadvertisementsarenotthecaseastheyareproducedonlytopersuadecustomerstobuywhattheydon’tneed.（31words）

7..Studentsshouldthinknowaboutwhatextracurricular（课外的）activitiesthey'dliketoparticipatein.Participatinginextracurricularactivitiesmayhelpyoudeepenyourphysical,creative,social,political,andcareerinterestsbybringingyouintocommunicationwithotherlike-mindedpeopleyoudidn’tpreviouslyknow.

Youcanjoingroupsasawaytogetsupportfromotherstudents.Acluborgroupcanalsobeagreatwaytomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.Lotsofyouthprogramsbringpeopletogetherwiththosewhoaredifferentasawaytobreakdownthebarriersbetweenpeople.

Participatinginextracurricularactivitieshelpsyouinotherways,too.Itlooksgoodoncollegeandjobapplicationsandshowsadmissionsofficersandemployersyou'rewell-roundedandresponsible.Specificactivitieshelpwithspecificgoals.

Themostbasicreasonforjoiningacluborteamisthatitgivesyousomethingbettertodothanstaringatthewall,wanderingthehall,orsleepingallafternoon.Peoplewhoareparticipatingarelesslikelytopickupbadhabits,likesmokingordrinking.

Summary:

Theauthor（Thepassage）discussedthebenefitofextracurricularactivitiesincludingbeingawaytoimprovestudents’health,widentheirsocialcircleandintroducethemtonewideasandpeople.（30words）

Ⅳ.积累模板SomeSummaryModelsforYou

要注意归纳和积累summary中常用的句式或模板。

A.如议论文的概要通常可以如此开头：

Theessay/passage/authorhighlightstheimportanceofencouragementforstudents.

Theessay/passage/authorarguesinsupportof…,statingthat…

Theessay/passage/authorarguesthatwemustnotonlyvaluethosewhocomefirst

orarethebestinanyfieldbuttheotherswhoseeffortpushthemtosuccess.

Theessay/passage/authordiscussestheimpactofemail.

Theessay/passage/authorcomparesfriendshipwiththecomfortofhome.

Theessay/passage/authoroutlinestheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.

B.而记叙文的概要则可以从以下模板中选择：

Thepassage/storyisaboutamisunderstandingbetweenastudentandateacher.

Theauthortellsusastoryabouta________.

Thepassageisastoryabout________.

Accordingtothepassage,theherointhestory________.

C.通用型模板：

Accordingtothepassage,weknow…

Thisarticleismainlyabout…

Thewriterstatesthat…

Ascanbelearnthispassage,---

Thepassa