2t电动单梁起重机设计说明书.doc

2t电动单梁起重机设计说明书.doc

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本科毕业设计

题目机械加工车间吊车设计

学院工业制造学院　

专业机械设计制造及其自动化

学生姓名霍海龙

学号20081011329年级08级

指导教师龚一龙职称教授

2012年5月28日

摘要

起重设备应用十分广泛，例如在建筑工地、工矿企业、车站仓库、港口码头、海洋开发、宇宙航行等各个行业占有十分重要的位置。

可以说它在陆地、海洋、空中等各个方面都发挥着重要作用。

本次设计是为机械加工车间设计一个起重设备，为提高适应性和操作性，起重设备采用单梁起重机的形式。

所以此次设计将主要对单梁桥式起重机进行设计与计算，说明书包括八章。

第一章主要介绍了起重机的发展趋势和本设计的主要组成部分；第二章主是确定电动葫芦；第三、四章主要是对主梁和端梁的设计计算；第五、六主要是主、端梁连接计算和大车运行机构设计计算；第七、八章主要是起重机安全装置和试车要求。

对于车间内使用的吊车主要用于搬运车间内较大型工件和一些加工设备，可以极大的提高工作效率。

同时使用起重设备还可以极大的节省车间的空间，方便布置其它设备。

关键词:

起重机、主梁设计、端梁设计。

Abstract

Liftingequipmentiswidelyusedintheconstructionsites,industrialandminingenterprises,stations,ports,warehousemarinedevelopment,spacenavigationandotherindustries.Youcantellitplayanimportantroleintheland,sea,airandotheraspects.

Thisdesignisforthemechanicalprocessingplantdesignofaliftingdevice,inordertoimprovetheadaptabilityandoperability,liftingequipmentusingsinglebeamcraneform.Sothedesignwillfocusonsinglebeambridgecranedesignandcalculation,andthespecificationincludeseightchapters.Thefirstchaptermainlyintroducesthecraneandthedevelopmenttrendofthedesignofthemainpart;secondchaptermainistodeterminetheelectrichoist;third,thefourchapterismainlyaboutthedesignandcalculationofmaingirderandendgirder;fifth,sixmainisthemain,endbeamconnectioncalculationandtravelingmechanismdesign;seventh,theeightchaptercranesafetydeviceandtestrequirements.

Fortheusedintheworkshopcraneismainlyusedforhandlingworkpieceswithlargeworkshopandsomeprocessingequipment,cangreatlyimprovetheworkingefficiency.Atthesametime,theuseofliftingequipmentcangreatlysaveworkshopspace,convenientlayoutandotherequipment.

Keywords:

Crane,Girderdesign,Endbeamdesign.

目录

摘要·············································································Ⅰ

Abstract·······································································Ⅱ

Error!

Nobookmarknamegiven.一绪论··············································································1

1.单梁桥式起重机的工作方式················································1

2.单梁桥式起重机的机构特点················································1

3.桁架梁和箱的比较···························································1

4.LD型电动单梁桥式起重机各部件作用····································1

5.运行机构······································································3

6.发展趋势······································································4

7.工作条件及设计要求·························································4

8.型式及设计的构造特点······················································5

二选择电动葫芦的型号规格·······················································6

三主梁设计计算····································································6

1.主梁断面几何特性····························································6

2.主梁强度的计算·······························································7

3.主梁刚度的计算······························································10

4.主梁稳定性的计算····························································12

四端梁设计计算····································································12

1.轮距的确定····································································12

2.端梁中央断面集合特点······················································13

3.起重机最大轮压······························································14

4.最大歪斜侧向力······························································19

5.断面中央断面合成压力······················································20

五主、端梁连接计算·······························································20

1.主、端梁连接形成及受理分析··············································20

2.螺栓拉力的计算······························································20

六大车运行机构设计计算··························································23

1.确定机构的传动方案·························································23

2.选择车轮和轨道，并验算车轮强度········································23

3.传动装置设计计算··························································24

4.验算电动机···································································25

5.设计减速装置································································27

七起重机有关机构的安全装置···················································29

八起重机的组装及试车要求······················································29

1.起重机的安装应注意的事项················································29

2.起重机的试车要求···························································30

3.维护···········································································31

设计小结·········································································32

致谢································································