解析普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷英语.docx
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解析普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷英语
绝密★启用前
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英语
试卷总评
从试题的难度、与核心素养的体现性、新颖度、与以往高考相比的不同之处等角度阐释对本套试题的认识,词数200左右。
（分条呈现）
本套题的选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力。
一、科技改变生活。
阅读理解第二篇介绍美国华盛顿州贝尔维尤市的智能交通信号灯可以随着交通流量改变时间。
语法填空讲了农业的发展离不开科技。
二、了解不同人生。
阅读理解第一篇作者介绍了自己是戏剧爱好者以及自己编写的关于戏剧的书;阅读七选五作者回忆了自己的童年时代;完形填空和读后续写描述了作者的惊险经历。
总之,试题的难度适中,体现核心素养,稳中求变。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题：
每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.
Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright（剧作家）hopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowtheversatility（多面性）oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.
Amongthewritersoftheplaysinthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveallreceivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributionstothetheater.Moreinformationabouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.
Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim（变暗）.Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouthestory.
【文章大意】作者是一位戏剧爱好者,介绍了自己编写的关于戏剧和剧作家的一本书。
21.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Hehaswrittendozensofplays.
B.Hehasadeeploveforthetheater.
C.Heisaprofessionalstageactor.
D.Helikesreadingshortplaystoothers.
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
根据第一段的Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader以及sharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers可知,作者深爱戏剧。
故选B。
22.Whatdoestheauthoravoiddoinginhiswork?
A.Statingtheplays'centralideas.
B.Selectingworksbyfamousplaywrights.
C.Includingvarioustypesofplays.
D.Offeringinformationontheplaywrights.
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
根据第二段的Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection可知,在这本书里,作者不会指出每部戏剧的中心主题。
23.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowhilereadingtheplays?
A.Controltheirfeelings.
B.Applytheiractingskills.
C.Usetheirimagination.
D.Keeptheiraudienceinmind.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知,作者认为,为了从阅读这些戏剧中得到最多的东西,读者要尝试想象舞台上的戏剧。
故选C。
24.Whatisthistext?
A.Ashortstory.
B.Anintroductiontoabook.
C.Aplayreview.
D.Anadvertisementforatheater.
【解析】选B。
主旨大意题。
第一段提到作者编辑这本书的原因,第二、三段主要介绍了书中的一些内容,故本文是介绍一本书。
【难句剖析】
Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.
分析:
It是形式主语,动词不定式短语topointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection是真正的主语。
for在此处是连词,引出原因。
翻译:
我不会指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题,因为那确实会毁掉阅读、讨论和思考戏剧以及剧作家的效力的快乐。
B
ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:
30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:
33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:
37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.
Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:
intersection（十字路口）signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.
“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,”saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.
ForallofBellevue'ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.“It'snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,”hesays.
InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:
justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportationDepartment'strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.
【文章大意】美国华盛顿州贝尔维尤市的交通信号灯可以根据交通流量变化时间。
25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inParagraph2referto?
A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.
B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.
C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.
D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
That指的是第一段中提到的交通信号灯的时间可以调节变换这件事。
故选C。
26.WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?
A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.
B.Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.
C.Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.
D.Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第四段KevinBalke的话可知,他认为,虽然智能信号灯对于一些城市,尤其是小城市有帮助,但对于非常堵塞的城市来说,作用不是很大,他认为这些过度堵塞的城市需要的是路上车辆的锐减。
故选D。
27.WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue'ssuccess?
A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.
B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.
C.Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.
D.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
根据最后一段的InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.可知,转换为可调节的信号灯在获得新方法的价值方面给我们上了一堂课。
由此可知,尝试新事物是值得的。
故选A。
【难句剖析】
Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed.
分析:
makesure后面是that引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中thatisthere是定语从句修饰thetrafficdemand。
翻译:
变化的信号灯能确保那里现有的交通需求得到满足。
C
Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.
ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.
Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激）,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（认知）functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants'overallhealthstatus.
“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”
It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter'sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（协调）,”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”
Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasonsincludingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.
【文章大意】一项研究发现,在脑力上不断挑战自己,可以使一个人变老时大脑反应仍然很敏锐。
28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?
A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.
B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.
C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.
D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第二段的assessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests可知,科学家让志愿者参加测试的目的是评估他们的记忆和思考能力。
故选D。
29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinParagraph4?
A.Byusinganexpert'swords.
B.Bymakingacomparison.
C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.
D.Byintroducingaconcept.
【解析】选B。
推理判断题。
根据第四段FranciscaThen说的话可知,她通过对比体力锻炼和脑力劳动来解释她的研究发现。
故选B。
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
ARetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkills
B.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobs
C.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharp
D.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge
【解析】选C。
主旨大意题。
本文主要告诉我们在脑力上不断挑战自己,可以使一个人变老时大脑反应仍然很敏锐。
故选C。
【难句剖析】
Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.
分析:
此句中thatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskills是定语从句,修饰challengingwork。
asyouage是时间状语从句。
publishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurology是过去分词短语作定语,修饰study。
翻译:
周三在《Neurology》杂志发表的一项研究表明,需要大量分析思考、做计划和其他管理能力的富有挑战性的工作可能会使你的大脑在你变老时仍然很敏锐。
D
Iexperiencedyearsoflonelinessasachild. 31 Hisfriendsteasedhimaboutbabysittinghissisterandhisinterestswerefardifferentfrommine.Withnootherkidsofmyageintheneighborhood,Ihadtospendhours
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