解析普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷英语.docx

1、解析普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷英语绝密启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英 语试卷总评从试题的难度、与核心素养的体现性、新颖度、与以往高考相比的不同之处等角度阐释对本套试题的认识,词数200左右。(分条呈现)本套题的选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力。一、科技改变生活。阅读理解第二篇介绍美国华盛顿州贝尔维尤市的智能交通信号灯可以随着交通流量改变时间。语法填空讲了农业的发展离不开科技。二、了解不同人生。阅读理解第一篇作者介绍了自己是戏剧爱好者以及自己编写的关于戏剧的书;阅读七选五作者回忆了自己的童年时代;完形填空和读后续写描述了作者的

2、惊险经历。总之,试题的难度适中,体现核心素养,稳中求变。第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题：每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。A I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.To do this I have searched t

3、hrough dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action.A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme.It

4、is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.However, a variety of types is represented here.These include comedy, sat

5、ire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama.To show the versatility (多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, a

6、nd Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater.More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.The houselig

7、hts dim (变暗 ).The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.【文章大意】作者是一位戏剧爱好者,介绍了自己编写的关于戏剧和剧作家的一本书。21.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?A.He has written dozens of plays.B.He has a deep love for the theater.C.He is a profes

8、sional stage actor.D.He likes reading short plays to others.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的I am an active playgoer and play-reader以及sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others可知,作者深爱戏剧。故选B。22.What does the author avoid doing in his work?A.Stating the plays central ideas.B.Selecting works by famous playwri

9、ghts.C.Including various types of plays.D.Offering information on the playwrights.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection可知,在这本书里,作者不会指出每部戏剧的中心主题。23.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?A.Control thei

10、r feelings.B.Apply their acting skills.C.Use their imagination.D.Keep their audience in mind.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为,为了从阅读这些戏剧中得到最多的东西,读者要尝试想象舞台上的戏剧。故选C。24.What is this text?A.A short story.B.An introduction to a book.C.A play review.D.An advertisement for a theater.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段提到作者编辑这本书的原因,第

11、二、三段主要介绍了书中的一些内容,故本文是介绍一本书。【难句剖析】It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.分析:It是形式主语,动词不定式短语to point out the ce

12、ntral theme of each of the plays in this collection是真正的主语。for在此处是连词,引出原因。翻译:我不会指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题,因为那确实会毁掉阅读、讨论和思考戏剧以及剧作家的效力的快乐。BThe traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally dont flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour.At 9:30 am, the f

13、ull red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds.Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it down to 135.Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.That is by design.Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of

14、 Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection (十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.“Adaptive signals c

15、an make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed,” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.For all of Bellevues success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways.Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation

16、Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “Its not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,”

17、 he says.In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Departments traffic engineering manager. Now he h

18、opes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.【文章大意】美国华盛顿州贝尔维尤市的交通信号灯可以根据交通流量变化时间。25.What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Increased length of green lights.B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.C.Flexible timing of traffi

19、c signals.D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.【解析】选C。推理判断题。That指的是第一段中提到的交通信号灯的时间可以调节变换这件事。故选C。26.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?A.They work better on broad roads.B.They should be used in other cities.C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.D.They are less helpful in cities s

20、eriously jammed.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段Kevin Balke的话可知,他认为,虽然智能信号灯对于一些城市,尤其是小城市有帮助,但对于非常堵塞的城市来说,作用不是很大,他认为这些过度堵塞的城市需要的是路上车辆的锐减。故选D。27.What can we learn from Bellevues success?A.It is rewarding to try new things.B.The old methods still work today.C.It pays to put theory into practice.D.The simplest way is

21、 the best way.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.可知,转换为可调节的信号灯在获得新方法的价值方面给我们上了一堂课。由此可知,尝试新事物是值得的。故选A。【难句剖析】Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed.分析:make sure后面是th

22、at引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中that is there是定语从句修饰the traffic demand。翻译:变化的信号灯能确保那里现有的交通需求得到满足。CChallenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers fr

23、om the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same

24、sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激) , demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.And they tended to lose cognitive (认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.The results held true even after the scientists

25、accounted for the participants overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study.“After a long run, you may feel like youre in pain, you may feel tired.But it makes you fit.After a long day at worksure, you will feel tired, but it can help your br

26、ain stay healthy.”Its not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out.A waiters job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work.And “running a family household requires

27、 high-level planning and coordinating (协调),” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic factors.Still, continuing t

28、o challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.【文章大意】一项研究发现,在脑力上不断挑战自己,可以使一个人变老时大脑反应仍然很敏锐。28.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?A.To assess their health status.B.To evaluate their work habits.C.To analyze their personality.D.To measure their mental ab

29、ility.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests可知,科学家让志愿者参加测试的目的是评估他们的记忆和思考能力。故选D。29.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in Paragraph 4?A.By using an experts words.B.By making a comparison.C.By referring to another study.D.By introducin

30、g a concept.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段Francisca Then说的话可知,她通过对比体力锻炼和脑力劳动来解释她的研究发现。故选B。30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB.Old People Should Take Challenging JobsC.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpD.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Ag

31、e【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们在脑力上不断挑战自己,可以使一个人变老时大脑反应仍然很敏锐。故选C。【难句剖析】Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.分析:此句中that requires lots of analyt

32、ical thinking, planning and other managerial skills是定语从句,修饰challenging work。as you age是时间状语从句。published Wednesday in the journal Neurology是过去分词短语作定语,修饰study。翻译:周三在Neurology杂志发表的一项研究表明,需要大量分析思考、做计划和其他管理能力的富有挑战性的工作可能会使你的大脑在你变老时仍然很敏锐。DI experienced years of loneliness as a child.31His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours