考研英语阅读.docx

考研英语阅读.docx

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考研英语阅读

2014年Text1

1---①Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.

②OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitandthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.③Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

2---①Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.②Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.③“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.

④“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”⑤Help?

⑥Really?

⑦Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.

⑧Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”——protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

3---①Losingajobishurting:

youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.

②Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.

③Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.

④Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.⑤Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:

ajob.

4---①ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency——permanentdependencyifyoucangetit——supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.②Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.

③TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.

④Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.

⑤Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.

21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto__________

[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.

[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.

[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.

[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.

22.Thephrase“tosignon”（Line3,Para.2）mostprobablymeans__________

[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.

[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.

[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.

[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.

23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel__________

[A]uneasy.[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.

25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.

[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

2014年Text2

1---①Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.

②ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

2---①Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.②Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.

③Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.④Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

3---①Therearemanyreasonsforthis.②Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.

③ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:

afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.

④Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.⑤Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

4---①Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.②Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.

③Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.④Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.

⑤Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.⑥Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

5---①Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.②ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.③Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.

④Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

6---①Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.

②Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.③Americashouldfollow.

26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto__________.

[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients

[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation

[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms

[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards

27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?

[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.

[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.

[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.

[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.

28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom__________.

[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.

[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.

[C]thesternexamforwould-belawyers.

[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.

29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit__________.

[A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.

[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.

[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.

[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.

30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses__________.

[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.

[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.

[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.

[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.

2014年Text3

1---①TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.②Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.

③AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.

④Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.

⑤Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.

2---①What’snottolike?

②Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.③Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.

④Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.⑤Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.

⑥Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.⑦Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.⑧Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

3---①Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.

②Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.

4---①AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes——bothnewandold——aredistributed.②TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.

③ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch——aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.

④TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselve